RU2583027C1 - Device for transmitting telemetric information from on-board descent module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: space.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to space engineering and can be used for transmission of telemetry information from descent spacecraft. Device for telecommunication from spacecraft comprises a remote probe chamber with a heat-shield shell, a remote probe, a chamber cover and two lifting charges. Number of remote probes in capsule is determined by time intervals, through which it is required to transmit teleinformation.

EFFECT: invention enables to transmit current teleinformation of vital parameters from spacecraft to flight control centre or search and rescue service.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to space technology and can be used to transmit telemetric information from aboard a descent spacecraft in dense layers of the atmosphere in the conditions of the formed plasma.

A common problem of modern manned space exploration is the creation of a communication channel (radio channel) of a descent spacecraft along a ballistic trajectory, as well as any other, especially in an emergency situation with the control center of the MCC (central control center). The difficulty is that, due to the high descent speed (up to 4 km / s), a plasma is formed around the descent vehicle, which leads to ionization of the air and the “metal skeleton” effect arises, while the radar’s electromagnetic rays, reflected from it, acquire turbulence, t .e. the vortex state is therefore not easy, and it is practically impossible to determine the exact coordinates of the descent vehicle. A similar picture occurs with the radio channel between the device and the MCC and vice versa. Therefore, the descent vehicle flies in the radio silence mode until the speed is extinguished, i.e. almost before the opening of the brake parachutes. But information on the current technical parameters of the descent both inside the cockpit and on the physical parameters of the crew members is extremely important (well-being).

An object of the invention is the construction of a device for transmitting current television information of the most important parameters from the descent vehicle to the MCC or search and rescue services.

To date, this problem has not been solved.

The technical result is achieved due to the ejection of telezones with communication transmitters beyond the plasma envelope of the apparatus on which current information is recorded.

To solve this problem, it is proposed:

A device for transmitting teleinformation from a descent spacecraft-capsule contains a tele-sonde camera, a tele-probe, a camera cover, two knockout charges, the camera body being tightly attached to the inner surface of the capsule body and closed by the camera cover, the camera body has a heat-insulating shell on the outside; inside the camera there is a television probe and expelling charges, the first expelling charge being under the television probe, and the second under the camera cover; the number of telezondands in the capsule is determined by the time intervals at which teleinformation is required to be transmitted; the launch camera of the telezondes is located on the back of the descent spacecraft and the probes are fired in the opposite direction to the descent, or are fired on the sides of the descent, while the lid of the camera is fired off slightly, freeing the way for the telezond.

In FIG. 1 shows a device that depicts:

1 - camera body, in which the telezond is located,

2 - the actual television probe,

3 - first knockout charge,

4 - cover

5 - capsule body,

6 - connectors

7 - heat shield

8 - the second blow charge,

- information inputs-technical information inputs (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc. inside the descent vehicle, acceleration, angular speeds, overload, etc., also important electrical parameters),

- information inputs of the physiological parameters of each astronaut (pulse, temperature, blood pressure, etc.).

The power supply of the tele-probe and detonators of expelling charges are not conventionally shown.

The device has the following connections: the camera body 1 is tightly attached to the capsule body 5 and closed by a lid 4, the camera body 1 is covered with a heat-shielding shell 7 outside, the camera probe 2 and two expelling charges are located inside the camera body: the first expelling charge 3 is under the probe 2, the second one under the lid 4, body 1, the probe 2 and expelling charges 3 and 8 are connected by connectors 6 (total 4 pcs.) to the capsule microprocessor, which receives all the information about the physical condition of the crew members and the main parameters of the descent capsule systems.

The total number of telezondes can be from 5 to 12, depending on how long the MCC requires teleinformation.

The firing of the telehandles is as follows.

From the back of the descent space capsule in the direction of descent, hermetic chambers are placed in the amount of N pieces according to the number of time intervals through which the tele information is transmitted. At the beginning of the descent of the capsule, the power of the telezondes is turned on and its MK processes the technical and physiological information and continuously writes it to the RAM of the telezondes 2. According to the signals of the central computer of the device (according to a pre-recorded program), the kick charge is turned on from the first camera and the cover 4 is shot off. then, after a few milliseconds, a teleoprobe is fired. The teleoprobe leaves the plasma trace of the apparatus and transmits telemetric information; after a certain period of time, the next telescope is shot back, etc. Since at present the vehicles descend along a ballistic trajectory from an altitude of the order of 100-200 km, and the plasma during descent begins to form from an altitude of ≅ 80 km, while the descent speed at the entrance to the plasma is км 4 km / s, and at the time of opening of the parachute system it drops to 200 km / h (56 m / s), the descent time is ≅ 120 s. From here, the optimal number of telezondes can be set equal to Y, i.e. The transmitted teleinformation occurs every 30 s, which is quite enough to assess the situation in the device.

The heat-insulating shell of the chamber serves to prevent the plasma (ionized air) from penetrating through the chamber into the descent capsule after firing off the tele-probe. camera cover is shot.

The volume of the telehandler is determined based on the size of its electronic part and the battery, with the current level of microelectronics ≅ 1dm ³ , and the mass is 1 kg.

During the shooting and descent of each tele-probe, its antenna is released and continuously transmits the tele-information with the indication of the time of its receipt (recording it in the tele-probe).

T.O. we see that the connection during the descent of the spacecraft-capsule with the MCC is one-way, but in most cases this is sufficient, because during the descent, if the control center, something needs to be transferred to the crew, then, firstly, nothing can be done, because the descent is uncontrollable, and, secondly, the descent time is determined by units of minutes, so nothing extraordinary can be expected.

But the proposed one-way connection of the capsule with the MCC is very important from a medical point of view. As practice has shown, the descent astronauts have a very different reaction to descent, for example, the Italian astronaut as part of the Russian crew showed a pronounced gag reflex, others had a nervous reaction such as aggression and several other emergency situations, which the MCC and the search and rescue team encounter You must know in advance that when landing the capsule take the necessary measures.

Claims (2)

1. The device for transmitting teleinformation from a descent spacecraft-capsule contains a tele-sonde camera, a tele-probe, a camera cover, two knockout charges, while the camera body is tightly attached to the inner surface of the capsule body and is closed by the camera lid, the camera body has a heat-proof shell outside; inside the camera there is a television probe and expelling charges, the first expelling charge being under the television probe, and the second under the camera cover. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the number of telezondes in the capsule is determined by the time intervals through which it is necessary to transmit teleinformation; launch cameras are located on the back of the descent spacecraft and the probes are fired in the opposite direction to the descent, or are fired on the sides of the descent, while the camera lid is fired off to the side, freeing the way for the telezond.

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