RU2582596C2 - Method for diagnosis of functional state and breast pathology - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary medicine, specifically to methods for diagnosis of breast pathology. Method includes measuring surface temperature of mammary gland. Measurements are carried out above zones of milk tank, symmetrical in acupuncture points. When temperature difference at points is 0.8-1.0 °C subclinical mastitis is diagnosed. If difference is more than 2.0 °C acute form of mastitis is diagnosed. Infrared thermometer is used for non-contact temperature measurement.

EFFECT: method provides improved accuracy of diagnosis of breast pathology.

1 cl, 2 ex, 11 tbl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, in particular to diagnostics in the field of obstetrics and gynecology of animals.

Modern milk production is constantly based on modern diagnostic methods and early detection of animal diseases, because getting more milk at the lowest cost of labor and money to date has not lost its relevance. Constantly conducted research in this area reflects the relevance of early diagnosis and prevention of diseases of the udder, directly affects the improvement of milk quality and the efficiency of agricultural production (see Kolchina A.F., Lipchinskaya A.K. Application of physical research methods to assess the state of the mammary gland cows // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. - 2010. - No. 11-1. - S. 33-35).

The well-known "Method of physiological evaluation of the operation of milking machines" (see A.S. No. 2443105; A01J 7/00, Publish. 02.27.2012. Bull. No. 2), in which, using a thermograph, the temperature field is remotely measured and recorded in the animal under study. on the udder and nipples before and after milking. For measurements, a portable thermograph with a video terminal and digital fixation is used, and the thermograph sensor is mounted on a tripod at a distance of 0.8-2.5 m from the udder of the animal and does not change its position when measuring temperature. Assessment of the state of the animal from the operation of the milking machine is carried out by comparing the obtained digital data on thermal fields, and the temperature is measured with an accuracy of up to 0.02 ° C.

The disadvantage of this method is that the remote computer thermograph is a dimensional and expensive device, and the conditions of the farms make it difficult to use it in the milking parlor. Only specially trained people can work with such equipment, and this accuracy is not required for measuring the temperature of the udder and body in animals.

There is widespread use of the kenotest for the diagnosis of mastitis in industrial dairy production (see the instructions for using the Kenotest on the VetLek website. The procedure for using the Kenotest. [Electronic resource] URL: http: //www.vetlek.ru> Instructions>? Id = 453).

Kenotest is a reagent with a limited shelf life. For diagnosis, it is necessary to carry out the removal of several streams of milk from each quarter of the udder, and in the presence of an inflammatory process, this process (compression) is quite painful and the animal experiences pain (pain stress). In addition, cows develop a negative conditioned reflex even to the appearance of the plate for examination by kenotest. The study takes up to 5-7 minutes per cow, which complicates and delays the diagnosis.

There are also known methods of monitoring and treating the mammary gland in various animal species using the location of acupuncture points and Zakharyin-Geda-Roger zones, in which it is recommended to use non-invasive methods of exposure (see GV Kazeev. “Veterinary acupuncture”. RIO RGAZU. M ., - 2000 - p. 120). To diagnose BAP, the method of measuring electrical resistance at corporate points was used. The disadvantages of the method is the need to purchase additionally expensive devices and the training of machine milking operators by the diagnostic method, as a result of which the method can be recommended only for research and scientific work.

The objective of the invention is to develop a lightweight, simplified express method for determining the physiological (growth, development, pregnancy, lactation - milking) and pathological conditions of the mammary gland in female mammals, which allows to determine, record and diagnose their condition under production conditions using domestic equipment, moreover, the assessment of the functional state of the animal should and can be carried out by employees who do not have a special veterinary education (servicing Suitable animals), at low cost time and means for setting a preliminary estimate for the diagnosis and early treatment.

The problem is solved in that the surface temperature of the control points on the udder and nipples before and after milking is measured and recorded in the animal under study, and the state of the udder to identify a pathological condition (mastitis) is determined by the temperature difference: 0.8-1.0 ° C is diagnosed subclinical mastitis, and with a temperature difference of more than 2.0 ° C, clinically pronounced mastitis is diagnosed, and pathology is assessed by comparing the obtained digital data of an infrared (IR) thermometer with a measurement accuracy of 0.1 ° C, ryayut and fixed surface temperature control of paired points on an udder corresponding BAT for atlas acupuncture before and after milking, with an infrared thermometer "CEM ^® ThermoDiagnostics», while the number of measurements minimum of two measurements of each fraction of the breast on the points of cows - 118 119 (p. 258, 269), in horses - 173, 174 (p. 294, 306), in pigs - 83, 84, 85 (p. 319, 320, 325), in dogs - 121, 122, 123 (p. 349), in cats and rabbits - 108, 109, 110 (p. 344, 368) (see G.V. Kazeev. “Veterinary acupuncture”), while in cattle and other animals with the structure of the mammary gland in the form of an udder, measurements are carried out at 2 points from the front and side surfaces for the anterior lobes, as well as from the lateral and posterior for the posterior udder, and in animals with multiple udders and the structure of the mammary gland in the form of milk hills at two points: on the sides of each milk hill, while to determine the state of the udder to identify a pathological condition (mastitis), diagnostics are carried out according to the temperature difference The uterine skin is uterine The functional state of the mammary gland and its pathology are assessed by comparing the obtained digital data of an infrared (IR) thermometer before and after milking, and after the examination, the control part of the device is treated with an Ecobriz, SDS-1 or Septisol-mini wet disinfectant wipe.

The CEM ^® ThermoDiagnostics IR thermometer manufactured by CEM Technology CJSC, when operating in the temperature range from 0 ° C to + 50 ° C and with a frame formation time of 1 second, is intended for biomedical research in humanitarian medicine, similar in its mechanism of action to with a thermal imager, but measures the temperature at specific points, with a diameter of 0.5 cm (see CEM ^® ThermoDiagnostics Infrared Thermometer User Guide - Nizhny Novgorod; RI Behemot 2008, 32 p.).

The application of the proposed method of thermodiagnostics is based on the pattern of distribution of the body temperature of a mammal on symmetrical parts of the body, which are characteristic not only for humans, but also for all warm-blooded animals, which serves as the basis for rapid diagnosis of diseases of the mammary gland of animals by local changes in surface temperature in symmetrical areas.

The proposed method consists in determining the physiological temperature indicators by the points of the mammary gland in mammalian females before and after releasing it from milk by remote measurement (distance 0.5 cm) using an infrared thermometer, and the temperature is measured and recorded at control points on the skin of the mammary gland. Temperature measurement is accurate to 0.1 ° C. The invention provides for the detection and control of temperature differences on symmetrical areas of the skin of the mammary gland, which allows to determine its filling with milk and diagnose the presence of an inflammatory process (mastitis), which is determined by the temperature difference by symmetrical points from 0.8-1.0 ° C or more, which reduces the time spent on the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis and mastopathy of various origins with the ease of application of the method.

Example 1. After conducting laboratory tests to substantiate the method, we examined 100 cows of a dairy herd of 50 animals each at the SEC Mezenskoye and the Uralets farm Beloyarsky District, Sverdlovsk Region. The temperature of the udder points was measured using an IR thermometer, which was applied to the skin of the udder at eight points (the lateral surface of the udder above each quarter), in addition, the temperature was measured in the anterior lobes from the cranial surface and in the posterior lobes from the caudal surface (Fig. 1A; 1B and Fig. 2; Fig. 3A; 3B). The research results were recorded in tables and compared with the results of studies conducted on the farm by methods for determining the content of somatic cells in milk and kenotest. For diagnostics on the farm, a kenotest from Inter Clean (control) is used. Previously, the animals underwent a comprehensive clinical examination.

During the research, the dependence of the change in the temperature of the udder on its condition was established: depending on the filling of the udder with milk and on the development of the inflammatory process. For calculations, the difference in values from the symmetrical sections of the udder was taken into account mainly. When subclinical forms of mastitis occurred, the difference in ^Δ T values was from 0.8 to 1.0 ° C from symmetrical sections of the udder. In more severe forms of mastitis (a pronounced inflammatory process), the difference ^Δ T increased to 2-3 ° C or more, which indicates an acute form of the disease (Table 1).

When comparing temperature indicators, it was noted that the difference within 0.5 ° C corresponded to a healthy udder, the difference in temperature values of 1.0 ° C or more corresponds to the development of inflammatory processes. The greater the difference, the more pronounced is the inflammatory process. Thus, the temperature of the affected quarters with clinically pronounced mastitis compared to symmetrical lobes had differences up to 4 ° C and higher, in animals with subacute mastitis (treated) - 2-3 ° C, with subclinical form of mastitis - about 1 ° C, which Corresponds to diagnostics using kenotest (control). Table 1.

After analyzing the research results, we came to the conclusions:

1. The proposed method of express diagnostics using an infrared (IR) thermometer is visually observed (Fig. 3A; 3B), technically feasible and can be used to diagnose mastitis, including subclinical forms in production farms and private farms.

2. In the study of measurements of skin temperature, a direct dependence of the values of the readings of the device on the functional state and the inflammatory process is revealed.

3. Subclinical mastitis is diagnosed by a change in ^Δ T 0.8-1.0 ° C, pronounced forms of mastitis from 2.0 ° C or more.

To expand the capabilities of the method of thermal diagnostics conducted studies on small animals with multiple udders.

Example 2 with small animals.

Recently, interest in the use of reliable and simple methods and methods of rapid diagnosis has been steadily increasing, which makes it possible to detect diseases in small animals (cats, rabbits, dogs, etc.) in the early stages and to carry out timely differential diagnosis and treatment.

For research, we selected 3 groups of animals according to their functional state:

Group 1 comprised intact animals before puberty;

Group 2 - pregnant females;

Group 3 - lactating females.

Each group included cats and dogs of 10 goals, the breed composition is different. At the beginning of the study, diagnostics were carried out in monobreed nurseries of cats (Devon Rex) and dogs (Chi-hua-hua), then the studies were performed on heterogeneous groups of animals. As a control, we used express diagnostics with the DiaDENS TD device in the “Screening” mode (see Usevich V.M., Drozd M.N. Rapid diagnostics of the functional state of the mammary gland in cats and dogs. J. Youth and Science, 2014, No. 2).

Conducting studies in the "Screening" mode allows you to identify the asymmetry of values on symmetrical milk hills and evaluate their functional state. The data obtained are consistent with the research results of domestic scientists dealing with issues of rapid diagnosis in animals (see. Usevich V.M., Illarionova S.V., Usevich M.N. DENS in the treatment of mastitis in female small animals // Actual issues of veterinary medicine Ekaterinburg: Publishing House of the Ural State Agricultural Academy, 2007, v. 2, p. 81-82).

As a proposed new method for express diagnostics, we used the CEM ^® ThermoDiagnostics infrared thermometer of CEM Technology CJSC with an accuracy of 0.1 ° C. Measurements were performed on the milk hills parapapillary and above the nipple (Fig. 5A; 5B).

During the studies, the control temperature characteristics of the breast fractions in healthy animals were determined. When examining females in an intact state until puberty, the thermometer shows values of 33.2-34.0 ° C, during puberty, values from 34.0 to 35.2 ° C, during pregnancy, values of 35.0-37.4 ° C, during lactation - values above 37.0-37.8 ° C.

If animals have changes in individual lobes of the mammary gland, then the temperature values exceed the control to 1.0 ° C or more. The studies performed revealed the asymmetry of values in inflammatory processes in symmetrical milk hills and assessed their functional state.

So, in group 1, in intact females, ^Δ T values are almost symmetrical and the difference in values does not exceed 0.2 ° C.

During puberty, values can also vary between 0.1-0.2 ° C. Table 2.

In the 2nd group - pregnant females, the values were also from 0.2 ° C to 0.4 ° C. Table 3.

In group 3, during lactation, the values vary more, the difference on symmetrical hills is from 0.2 to 0.6 ° C. If the measurements were carried out after feeding, the difference in values is less than 0.2-0.3 ° C, if symmetrical hills were emptied not more than 0.2 ° C, if only on one side, then the difference ^Δ T will be in the range of 0.2 -0.7 ° C and above. Table 4; 5.

With lesions of individual milk hills, mastopathy, inflammatory processes - mastitis, the difference in values between healthy and affected lobes is determined within 1.4 ° C and above.

The table of temperature measurement results for groups using the example of one animal is presented below: Tables 2; 3; four; 5.

table 2 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a cat (6 months. Ulya) during puberty No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Later. parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Later. parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT fourteen twenty Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 32.6 32.6 32,4 34.6 34,4 34.6 2 First abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 12 eighteen Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 3 Second abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT eighteen 24 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 34.6 34.6 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT fifteen eighteen Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.8 34.6

Table 3 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a cat (2 g. 2 months. Princesse) during pregnancy No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Later. parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 7 10 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 35.8 36.0 36.0 36.0 36.0 35.6 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 10 fourteen Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36,2 36,4 36,4 36,4 36,2 36.0 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT twenty 23 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.0 36.0 36,2 36,2 36,4 36,4 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT eighteen 26 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36,4 36,2 36,2 36,2 36.0 36.0

Table 4 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a cat (2 g. 3 months. Princesse) during lactation before feeding No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 27 32 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.0 36.0 36,2 36,2 36.0 36.0 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 35 40 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36.6 36,4 36,4 36,2 36.6 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 45 54 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.0 37.0 37,2 37,4 37.0 37,2 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 51 45 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,2 37.0 37,4 37,4 37.0 37,2

Table 5 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a cat (2 g. 3 months. Princesse) during lactation after feeding No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 23 26 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.6 35.8 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 27 34 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36,2 36,2 36,2 36,2 36,4 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 54 45 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.0 36.8 36.8 36,4 36,2 36,4 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT fifty 32 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.0 36.8 37.0 36.8 36.8 36.8

From the data in tables 2; 3; four; Figure 5 shows that in the 1st group in intact females the “Screening” values of the skin impedance ^Δ LT are almost symmetrical and the difference in values does not exceed 10 PIECES. At puberty, values can vary from 10 to 15 units. In the 2nd group - pregnant females, the values were also ^Δ LT from 10 to 15 units. In the 3rd group, during lactation, the values vary more, the difference on symmetrical hills ^Δ LT is from 10 to 50 units. If the measurements were carried out after feeding, then the difference in values is less, if symmetrical hills were emptied, if only on the one hand, then the difference ^Δ LT will be in the range of 20 units or more, which is consistent with previous studies (see V.Usevich M.M. , Drozd MN Rapid diagnosis of the functional state of the mammary gland in cats and dogs. J. Youth and Science, 2014, No. 2).

In case of lesions of individual milk hills, mastopathy, inflammatory processes - mastitis, the difference in ^Δ LT between healthy and affected lobes will be above 50 PIECES, and ^Δ T - more than 2 ° С.

In the study of cats with mastopathy, the measurement results are presented on the example of one animal Fig. 4 and in Table 6.

Table 6 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a cat (2 g. Luky) with affected lobes No. p / p Milky hills of affected areas Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 23 85 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.0 36.8 36.8 37.8 38,0 38,0 2 Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 23 80 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36,4 36.6 37.8 37.8 37.8

Tables 7-10 show the results of thermodiagnostics for dogs using the example of one animal.

Table 7 Results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of a dog’s mammary gland (Bony 8 months) during puberty No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 13 16 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 16 26 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.8 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 23 32 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.0 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 23 thirty Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.8

Table 8 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a dog (Mucha 3 g) during pregnancy No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 47 40 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,2 37,4 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 45 40 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,4 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,4 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 35 47 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,4 37,4 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 45 54 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,4

Table 9 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a dog (Luisa 3 g) during lactation before feeding No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 27 thirty Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6 37.6 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 27 35 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,4 37,4 37,4 37,4 37.6 37.6 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 53 42 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.6 37.8 37,4 37,4 37,4 37.6 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 43 56 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37,4 37,4 37,4 37.6 37.6 37,4

Table 10 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a dog (Luisa 3 g. 1 month) during lactation after feeding No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Breast Screening, ^Δ LT 24 28 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36,4 36,2 36,2 36,2 36,2 36,4 2 Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 26 40 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36.6 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.6 3 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 62 55 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.6 36.6 36,4 36,4 36,4 36,4 four Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 56 46 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 36.8 36.8 36.8 36.6 36.8 36.8

When examining bitches with mastopathy, the results are presented in Table 11.

Table 11 The results of measurements of the surface skin temperature of the mammary gland of a dog (Happy 3 g) with affected lobes No. p / p Milky Hills Research method Rights Left Lateral parapapillary point Nipple Medial parapapillary point Medial parapapillary point Nipple Lateral parapapillary point one Anterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 65 25 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.8 37.6 37.6 36.3 36,4 36,4 2 Posterior abdominal Screening, ^Δ LT 87 35 Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.8 38.3 37.8 36.8 36,2 36,2 3 Inguinal Screening, ^Δ LT 55 fifteen Thermal diagnostics, ^Δ T 37.8 37.8 37.8 36,2 36.0 36,2

The screening data for mammary glands shown in Tables 7-10 are similar to those obtained from cats.

The proposed method is technically feasible, simple to implement and shows that:

1. If a difference in temperature over milk hills in small animals from 1.1 ° C or more in symmetrical areas is detected, it indicates the onset of the development of the inflammatory process and requires close monitoring and repeated studies, and with clinically pronounced forms of mastitis ( ^Δ T more than 2 ° C) - treatment.

2. The proposed method of rapid diagnosis is inexpensive, non-invasive, and quite accurate in primary diagnostics and can be recommended for use in laboratories, vivariums and veterinary clinics, as well as for private practitioners.

Claims (5)

1. A method for diagnosing breast pathology, including diagnosing the condition of the mammary gland by determining parameters at predetermined points, characterized in that they measure the surface temperature of the skin of the mammary gland above the areas of the tops of the milk tanks, in symmetrical areas by acupuncture points, with a measurement accuracy of 0.1 ° C and the temperature difference at the points of 0.8-1.0 ° C diagnoses the subclinical form of mastitis, and with a difference of more than 2.0 ° C - the presence of the disease, the acute form of mastitis, and use on-line IR thermometer. 2. A method for diagnosing breast pathology according to claim 1, characterized in that an infrared thermometer is used to measure the temperature, and the number of measurements is at least two measurements over each lobe of the mammary gland at points corresponding to veterinary acupuncture. 3. A method for diagnosing a breast pathology according to claim 1, characterized in that in cattle and other animals with a mammary gland structure in the form of an udder, measurements are performed at 2 points from the front and side surfaces, and in animals with a multiple udder at two points : on the sides of each milk hill - to the right and left on the border of the nipple halo. 4. A method for diagnosing breast pathology according to claim 1, characterized in that in animals with multiple udders - pigs, carnivores, rabbits on each milk hill, measurements are taken on opposite sides of each hill - on the right and left on the border of the nipple halo. 5. A method for the diagnosis of breast pathology according to claim 1, characterized in that after the examination, the control part of the IR thermometer is treated with a wet disinfectant such as Ecobriz, SDS-1 or Septisol-mini.

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