RU2582129C1 - Preventive agent for preventing congelation of granular substances - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacturing technology.

SUBSTANCE: preventive lubricant relates to compositions for preventing congelation of granular materials, particularly coal, and dust formation, can be used in coal, mining, metallurgical, construction and other industries in conditions of transportation at negative temperatures. Preventive agent for preventing congelation of granular substances contains waxy base fraction and dissolving its component. As waxy base fraction it contains slurries of oil refining (OR sludge), and as dissolving component is alcohol fraction of caprolactam (AFC).

EFFECT: technical result of proposed preventive lubricant for preventing congelation of granular substances is reduced congelation coal and down to car walls, reduction of costs (material and labour costs) during its transportation and unloading, which is achieved by application on coal and inner surface of railway cars.

1 cl, 5 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The proposed preventive lubrication relates to compositions for preventing freezing of bulk materials, in particular coal, and for combating dust formation, can be used in coal, mining, metallurgical, construction and other industries in transportation at low temperatures. It is known that the problems of transportation and unloading of coal in the winter are due to the presence of water in it, which causes the freezing of cargo during transportation in railway cars and leads to an increase in the cost of transportation and unloading from the consumer. It is considered economically feasible to use preventive antifreeze agents for processing coal during its transportation in the winter.

At present, anti-freezing agents are used to reduce the freeze-up of coal during transportation, which in the amount of 0.8-3.0 wt.% Are applied to the surface of the coal when it is loaded into cars by thin spraying with nozzles (N. Pokhodenko, B. I. Bronds. Obtaining and processing of petroleum coke. - M .: Chemistry, 1986, S. 289-293). As anti-freezing agents, oil, straight-run oil fractions, glycerin, resins, magnesium and calcium chlorides, nonionic surfactants are used.

Known composition to prevent freezing of bulk materials and to combat dust formation, which can be used in coal, mining, metallurgical, construction and other industries when transporting goods at low ambient temperatures. The composition contains, wt.%: Calcium chloride and (or) magnesium chloride - 10-30; sodium dihydrogen phosphate and (or) potassium dihydrogen phosphate - 0.1-0.2; methylene blue - 0.005; the rest is water (RF Patent No. 2485156, IPC. C09K 3/18, C09K 3/22, publ. 06/20/2013, bull. 17).

The disadvantages of this composition are:

- high cost of reagents;

- the difficulty of transporting reagents and preparing solutions;

- low efficiency;

- high corrosivity of the reagents in relation to the material from which the cars are made;

- deterioration in the quality of coal due to an increase in its ash content and corrosion activity of combustion products.

To protect the metal surface of mining equipment from freezing wet loose rocks, a prophylactic lubricant was proposed containing a residue from distillation of oligomers and a mixture of extracts or extract from cleaning oil distillates with N-methylpyrrolidone in the following ratio of components: residue from distillation of oligomers 80-90 wt.%, Mixture extracts or extract 10-20 wt.% (RF Patent No. 2211236, IPC S09K 3/22, publ. 08.27.2003).

The disadvantages of this composition are:

- technological complexity and high cost of reagents;

- the difficulty of transporting reagents and preparing solutions;

- low efficiency at temperatures below -10 ° C;

- a sharp unpleasant odor complicating the processing of processed raw materials in enclosed spaces.

In addition, to prevent dust formation during open pit mining, as well as to prevent adhesion, freezing and freezing of wet bulk materials to the metal surface of mining equipment, a preventive lubricant was proposed containing, wt.%: Cracking residue of thermal cracking 1-50 and low-setting a flavored oil solvent of nef-ras, boiling in the range of 150-330 ° C, 50-99 (RF Patent No. 2313554).

The disadvantages of this composition are:

- technological complexity and high cost of reagents;

- the difficulty of transporting reagents and preparing solutions;

- low efficiency at temperatures below -10 ° C;

- a sharp unpleasant odor complicating the processing of processed raw materials in enclosed spaces.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed technical solution is the preventive antifreeze agent "Niogrin", which is a solution of the cracked residue of coking gas oil, with a flow rate of 1-1.5% by weight of coal or petroleum coke (Sunyaev Z.I., Olkov P. L., Rogacheva O. I. Niogrin - a new product against freezing and freezing. - Ufa: Bashkir Book Publishing House, 1977, pp. 41-48). The disadvantages of this method are:

- the complexity of transportation and preparation of the reagent;

- lack of cracking residues due to the closure of thermal cracking units;

- low efficiency at temperatures below -10 ° C.

The technical result of the proposed preventive lubrication to prevent freezing of bulk solids is to reduce the freezing of coal and freezing it to the walls of cars, reducing costs (material and labor) during its transportation and unloading, which is achieved by applying to coal and the inner surface of railway cars.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that a preventive lubricant for preventing freezing of granular substances, containing a low-hardening base fraction and a component dissolving it, which according to the invention contains low-solidifying base fraction of oil refining sludge (NP sludge), and alcohol as a solvent component caprolactam fraction (CFC), wt.%:

- sludge NP - 5-10;

- alcohol fraction of caprolactam production - 90-95;

or as a solvent component - spent turbine oil MS-8P (TAM) with the following ratio of components, wt.%:

- sludge NP - 5-20;

- waste turbine aviation oil MS-8P - 80-95.

The composition of the SFK (wt.%): Amyl alcohol 40-53; isoamyl alcohol 0.5-1.7; cyclohexanone 2-22; cyclopentanone 1-3; butyl alcohol 0.3-0.6; isobutyl alcohol 0.5-2.5; heptanon-2 0.2-2.5; propanol-2 0.3-0.6; cyclohexanol 0.1-2.3; ethylcyclohexyl ether 1.4-9.7; high boiling organic substances 0.2-1.3; water the rest.

In production conditions, situations often arise when the antifreeze reagent for treating the walls of cars is stored in an open area at temperatures up to -30 ° C. In this regard, the reagent must have flow properties at low temperature, providing the possibility of pumping a gear pump through nozzles. Therefore, tests were carried out to maintain the fluidity of the compositions at temperatures up to -30 ° C.

When evaluating the fluidity, the “expert judgment” technique with a 5-bit cytological gradation, presented in FIG. 1-5.

In FIG. 1 shows the state of the substance - solidol (non-fluid, takes the form created by external exposure).

In FIG. 2 shows the state of the substance - pasty (viscous-mobile, slowly changes shape).

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the state of the substance - dense (mobile, flows during gravitational impact).

In FIG. 4 shows the state of the substance - fluid (flows in a viscous stream like sunflower oil)

In FIG. 5 shows the state of the substance - liquid (flows with a water stream).

The state of the compositions, corresponding at a temperature of -30 ° C gradation not lower than 3, will satisfy the flow requirements for preventive lubrication, which can be pumped through a gear pump through nozzles. To create a low-hardening prophylactic lubricant satisfying the condition of maintaining fluidity at a temperature not higher than -30 ° C, compositions were compiled that included both paraffin components and solvents having low pour points. Their fluidity was studied in the temperature range from -30 ° С to + 30 ° С table 1.

It is shown that at low temperatures, Niogrin can be used when stored in open areas at temperatures not lower than -10 ° C. The compositions of the reagents of the proposed preventive lubricants retain fluidity at temperatures below -30 ° C.

To reduce the freezing of coal during its transportation in the winter, a preventive lubricant was developed to prevent freezing of bulk solids.

The composition of the preventive lubricant to prevent freezing of bulk solids includes high molecular weight paraffins contained in sludge NP and the alcohol fraction of caprolactam (SFC), wt.%:

- sludge NP - 5-10;

- alcohol fraction of caprolactam production - 90-95;

or as a solvent component - spent turbine oil MS-8SCHTAM) with the following ratios of components, wt.%:

- sludge NP - 5-20;

- waste turbine aviation oil MS-8P - 80-95.

The experiments were carried out in special metal models of railway gondola cars (material - Art. 20), simulating railway cars used for coal transportation, reduced by 1225 times. The coal of Kuzbasskaya PF was used with a moisture content of 10.5%, the characteristics of which are given in table 2.

Processing the inner surface of the gondola car was carried out using a bullet machine. The volume of coal was treated by spraying the reagent through the nozzle. In practice, for processing the walls of the gondola car, the consumption of antifreeze liquids is taken - 10 liters per gondola; for comparative tests, the flow rate of 8 ml per one model of the gondola car was taken according to the scale factor of this object.

The coal in the containers was frozen in a freezer at a temperature of -30 ° С for 48 hours. The coal was unloaded after mechanical impact on the side wall of the gondola car model with impacts of a weight of 1 kg tied to a cord with a length of 35 cm and an incidence angle of 45 ° followed by turning over. After each impact and overturning, a visual assessment was made of the volume of coal discharged as a percentage. The test results are shown in table 3.

The effects of preventive lubrication were also evaluated. The main criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of antifreezing agents are:

- adhesion (freezing) of coal to the walls and bottom of the metal model;

- freezing volume of coal in the container mockup;

- the complexity of unloading coal from the layout in terms of the number of weights required for the complete unloading, which simulate the operation of the vibrator.

The test results showed:

1. When loading coal without the use of anti-freezing agents, strong adhesion of coal to the inner surface of the prototype container, high freezing of coal are observed (see table 3, example 1). When unloading coal from metal dummies, significant mechanical impacts had to be applied, while the unloaded frozen coal had high strength.

2. When using the reagent "Niogrin" on the prototype (see table. 3, sample No. 2) negative results were obtained. High adhesion (freezing) of coal to a metal surface and freezing of coke by volume of the model are observed. This is due to the high pour point of the reagent "Niogrin" (see table. 1, p. 1).

3. Use as an anti-freezing agent of mixtures of sludge from oil refining and the middle fraction of caprolactam (SFC) (see table. 1, samples No. 2-6) or waste oil MS-8P (TAM) (see table. 1, samples No. No. 5-7) allows to reduce the adhesion (freezing) of coal to a metal surface, significantly reduce the freezing of coal and facilitate its unloading from prototype containers (see table 3, examples 7-18). This is due to the low pour point of the applied reagents (see table. 1), as well as improved adhesion to the surface of pieces of coal and the surface of the metal.

4. Optimal results were achieved by spraying the antifreezing agent in a finely dispersed state directly on the inner metal surface of the breadboard and on coal. At the same time, both low adhesion of coal to the metal surface of the models and the absence of its freezing over the volume of the model are observed. The coal treated in this way is quite easily unloaded from a metal model (see table. 3, No. 7-18).

The effect of preventive lubrication to prevent freezing of bulk solids is to prevent the metal surface of the car from contacting the bulk cargo and the bulk granules between them.

The implementation of the proposed preventive lubrication to prevent freezing of bulk solids will reduce the freezing of coal and reduce the cost of its transportation and unloading.

Claims (1)

Preventive lubricant to prevent freezing of bulk substances, containing a low-hardening base fraction and a component dissolving it, characterized in that it contains oil refining sludge as a low-hardening base fraction, and a caprolactam alcohol fraction as a solvent component in the following ratios of components, wt.%% :
- sludge NP - 5-10;
- alcohol fraction of caprolactam production - 90-95;
or as a solvent component - spent turbine oil MS-8P with the following ratios of components, wt.%:
- sludge NP - 5-20;
- waste turbine aviation oil MS-8P - 80-95.

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