RU2581267C2 - Device for combustion chamber with adjustable swirler for micro gas turbine engine, where turbine and compressor are turbo compressor of ice - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: device of combustion chamber with adjustable holes in flame tube for comprises fuel feed unit, fire tube with holes for air supply, mixing zone, which are arranged in common housing. Flame tube is placed inside housing and located along axis of combustion chamber. Flame tube consists of inner fire tube, which is external flame tube with dosing elliptical or tangential holes made at angle of 30-45° relative to tangent to surface of flame tube to swirl air flow and reducing its resistance to vary hole area. Made in internal and external flame tubes holes can be completely aligned and have same size.

EFFECT: invention provides high degree of homogenisation of fuel-air mixture in wide range of modes of engine operation, possibility to work with different types of fuel due to production of different parameters of air supply.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The combustion chamber device with adjustable openings in the flame tube for a microgas turbine engine, where the turbine and compressor is an ICE turbocompressor

The invention relates to a device for a combustion chamber of microgas turbine engines with a centripetal low-power turbine for various purposes.

Closest to the invention is a combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation, consisting of a device supply unit, a flame tube with air supply openings, mixing zones, which are located in a common housing [N.I. Startsev, Design and design of a gas turbine combustion chamber, SSAU, Samara, 2007]. A fuel dispensing device (burner or nozzle) delivers fuel to the combustion zone of the flame tube. All air supplied to the combustion chamber is divided into two streams. A smaller part of the air (primary air) in the amount necessary to maintain the combustion process enters through the openings in the combustion zone. Most of the air (secondary air) does not participate in the combustion process, but passes between the body and the flame tube, cooling it. Then, passing through the mixing hone, this air is mixed with the combustion products, cooling them to a predetermined temperature.

The disadvantage of this solution is that it is structurally impossible to change the size of the cross sections of the openings of the flame tube, and therefore the combustion chamber can operate in a narrow range of parameters.

The basis of the invention is the task of ensuring an increase in the degree of homogenization of the air-fuel mixture in a wide range of engine operating modes, the ability to work with different types of fuel by obtaining different parameters of mixture formation.

As a result of the use of the invention, a better turbulence of the air flow is provided, the temperature of the working fluid entering the turbine is regulated, and the modes of the greatest work efficiency are found,

the use of various fuel gases: methane, propane, biogas, mine, wood gas, etc.

The above technical result is achieved in that the combustion chamber device with adjustable openings of the flame tube for a gas turbine engine, comprising a housing, a flame tube with air supply openings and a fuel injection unit, consisting of an internal flame tube, on which an external flame tube is fitted, is placed in the chamber body combustion and located along its axis, having metering elliptical or tangential openings made at an angle of 30-45 ° relative to the tangent to the surface of the flame tube for ireniya air flow and reduce its resistance with the possibility of changing the area of the holes.

In the device in the internal and external flame tubes, the holes can be fully aligned and have the same size.

In the device of a gas turbine engine, the turbocharger is an internal combustion engine turbocharger.

The device of the combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine, comprising a housing, a heat chamber with adjustable air holes and a fuel injection unit, where the heat pipe is located inside the body and is located along the axis of the combustion chamber, characterized in that in the flame tube consisting of a body and an internal flame pipe, which the outer flame tube is wearing, metering elliptical or tangential holes are made, made at an angle of 30-45 ° relative to the tangent to the surface of the flame tube to swirl the air flow and zheniya its resistance with the possibility of changing the area of the openings, the openings may be fully aligned and have the same resolution. This ensures a higher-quality swirl of the air flow, regulation of the temperature of the working fluid entering the turbine, and determination of the most efficient working modes when using various fuel gases: methane, propane, biogas, mine gas, wood gas, etc.

The priority in the development of combustion chambers of low-power microgas turbine engines with a centripetal turbine is to reduce atmospheric pollution and the ability to operate one combustion chamber on different types of fuel. The main attention is paid to the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO _x ), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) in combustion products and smoke reduction (soot formation). The emission of these substances is characteristic of any heat engine running on fossil fuels. When creating low-emission combustion chambers, the main problem is the achievement of effective preliminary mixing of fuel with air and the organization of the supply of air-fuel mixtures into the chamber when achieving stable combustion and rapid combustion.

In the present invention, for low-power microgas turbine engines, the possibility of changing the area of the metering openings for engine operation, which contributes to a better swirl of the air flow, regulates the temperature of the working fluid entering the turbine, and finding the most efficient working modes when using various fuel gases: methane, propane, biogas, mine, wood gas, etc.

The use of a mass-produced ICE turbocompressor can reduce the cost of the engine, since the cost of one of the main components, which is a serial ICE turbocompressor, is significantly lower than the newly developed and manufactured individual turbocompressor for a gas turbine engine.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an engine device.

In FIG. 2 shows a general diagram of a combustion chamber device.

In FIG. 3 is a diagram of the movement of gases in a combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber is connected to the ICE turbocharger as follows: ICE turbocharger compressor 1 is connected to the chamber

combustion 2 with an ignition source 3 and a fuel injection unit 4, an inlet pipe 5, through which air from the compressor is supplied to the combustion chamber, and an outlet pipe 6, through which the working fluid from the combustion chamber enters the turbine 7 of the internal combustion engine turbocharger (Fig. 1).

The combustion chamber device (Fig. 2) with adjustable openings of the flame tube for a gas turbine engine comprises a housing 8, an air pipe 9, an internal flame tube housing 10, on which an outer flame tube housing 11 and a fuel supply unit 4 are mounted. The combustion chamber housing has an opening 12 into which the flame tube is inserted. The housing of the inner flame tube 10 has a central combustion channel 13 bounded by a nozzle 14 with an end edge 15 at the outlet and an end cover 22. It is located along the axis of the combustion channel 16 and is attached to the end cover of the combustion chamber 16. End cover 16, inner case of the flame tube 10 the outer casing of the flame tube 11 assembly form the node of the flame tube. A cavity 17 is formed between the housing 8 and the outer case of the flame tube 11, which communicates with the combustion zone through elliptical or tangential openings 18. The fuel supply unit 4 to the combustion chamber is made with a fuel nozzle 19. The end edge of the flame tube nozzle is recessed relative to the end edge 120 of the combustion chamber. The outer casing of the flame tube 11 has adjusting leads 21, which are attached at one end to the casing of the outer flame tube and the other end is led out of the combustion chamber through a tangential slot and fixed with a lock nut 23. The housing of the inner flame tube 10 is inserted into the end cap 22 and is rigidly fixed to her. The elliptical or tangential openings 18 of the outer 11 and the inner housing 10 can be fully aligned, have the same size and drilled at an angle of 30-45 ° relative to the tangent to the surface of the sleeve to swirl the air flow and reduce its resistance.

The movement of gases in the device (Fig. 3) is as follows. The air from the compressor of the ICE turbocompressor enters through the air pipe 9, the required amount of air passes through the elliptical and tangential openings 18, the other part goes through the cavity 17 between the combustion chamber and the flame tube, cooling the flame tube. In the mixing zone 24, the gases are mixed with air from the cavity 17. The gases leaving the end edge of the combustion chamber 20 enter the turbine of the ICE turbocharger.

The operation of the combustion chamber device with adjustable openings of the flame tube for a gas turbine engine, where the turbine and compressor is any turbo-compressor of the internal combustion engine of mass production, is as follows.

Fuel is supplied through the fuel supply unit 4 (Fig. 1, 2). In the combustion channel of the inner casing of the flame tube, the fuel is evenly dispersed throughout its entire volume. At the same time, air from the cavity 17 is introduced through the combined elliptical or tangential openings 18 of the outer and inner bodies of the flame tube into the combustion zone. The air swirling in the openings of the inner and outer shells passes into the combustion zone. The remaining part of the air necessary for cooling the working fluid supplied to the turbine flows between the outer casing of the flame tube and the casing of the combustion chamber, cooling them and exiting at the end of the combustion chamber is mixed with the working fluid (Fig. 3).

The main mixing and combustion takes place in the first half of the outer casing of the flame tube, where it is possible to change the geometric dimensions of elliptical or tangential openings. Divergence of air is made through a large number of holes from the periphery of the channel to the center, which allows you to create an intense swirl of air, increase the contact area of air with fuel gas, thereby increasing the speed and quality of mixing. Geometric change

the cross-section of elliptical or tangential holes is made through the adjusting leash by displacing the outer flame tube body around the longitudinal axis relative to the internal. This allows you to change the total area of the metering elliptical or tangential openings, which ensures better control of the air supply to the combustion zone during engine operation, to ensure the best mixing of fuel with air, and increase the rate of combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The ignition of the air-fuel mixture is carried out from the ignition source 3 installed in the combustion chamber.

Claims (3)

1. The device of the combustion chamber with adjustable holes in the flame tube for a gas turbine engine, comprising a fuel supply unit, a flame tube with air supply holes, a mixing zone, which are located in a common housing, where the flame tube is located inside the housing and is located along the axis of the combustion chamber, characterized the fact that the flame tube consists of an internal flame tube, on which an external flame tube is mounted, having metering elliptical or tangential holes made at an angle of 30-45 ° relative to the kasate flax to the surface of the flame tube to swirl the air flow and reduce its resistance with the possibility of changing the area of the holes. 2. The combustion chamber device according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings made in the internal and external flame tubes can be fully aligned and have the same size. 3. The combustion chamber device according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbocompressor is an internal combustion engine turbocompressor.

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