RU2579732C2 - Plate adjuster (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: music.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to percussion musical instruments, namely to plate-like rattle, and can be used in occupational orchestras, in people's instrumental and folklore ensembles. Plate adjuster includes plates made from wood, stanks-hemispherical rusks connected with cord. In first version, each plate with one side has constant thickness, and on other side of plate thickness is equal to t/n, where t is reference or design thickness of plate; n is coefficient of tempered halftone, wherein plates are fixed in upper part of thicker side. In second version, each plate with one side has constant thickness, and on other side of plate thickness is equal to t/n, where t is reference or design thickness of plate, n is coefficient of tempered halftone, wherein plates are fixed in upper part of thinned side. In third version, length of plates is calculated by formula L/n, where L is reference or design plate length, n is coefficient of tempered halftone, wherein plates are fixed in upper part of thicker side. In fourth version, length of plates is calculated by formula L/n, where L is reference or design plate length, n is coefficient of tempered halftone, wherein plates fixed in upper part of thinned side. In all versions coefficient of tempered halftone is equal to 1.05946.

EFFECT: expanded range of plate ratchet sounding till complete octave.

12 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to percussion (noise) musical instruments, namely to a plate rattle, and can be used in professional orchestras, in folk instrumental and folklore ensembles.

Lamellar rattles are known from history, which were used as a noisy musical instrument by buffoons in ancient Russia. Currently, this instrument is present in many orchestras and folk ensembles. The ratchets consist of a set of 18-20 thin planks, usually of hardwood, 16-18 cm long, 5 mm thick. They are interconnected by a dense cord threaded into holes in the upper part of the boards. So that the boards do not touch each other closely, between them at the top insert plates of wood with a width of 18-20 mm, treated with a hemisphere.

Known plate ratchet Veston NAEX-29, which is a set of 15 thin rectangular boards. They are interconnected by a dense cord threaded into holes in the upper part of the boards. The ratchet handles are made in the shape of a staple and a dolphin tail. The plates are structurally made of wood materials. The ratchet dimensions are 160 × 40 × 5 mm.

Known ratchet made of 17 beech plates connected by a strong polymer cord. Between the plates are special wooden jumpers that determine the volume and timbre of the instrument. The extreme plates are extended upwards by 40 mm for a comfortable grip when playing. Sizes of plates: length 150 mm, width 40 mm, thickness 5 mm. (Source: Serebrov’s Workshop http: //www.masteras.ru/). This decision was made for the closest analogue.

As the analysis of the prior art shows, flat ratchets may differ in the length of the plates and / or their number, however, the thickness of the plates along the length is always a constant value. With respect to ratchets, no sources were revealed that reveal the possibility of tuning the tool due to design features or other methods. The timbre sound of known plate rattles is achieved exclusively due to the wood used for its manufacture, as well as the number of plates. This design of a flat ratchet does not allow you to pre-create a musical instrument of a certain, predetermined tone or semitone of a timbre sound. This limits the capabilities of the musical instrument.

The solution proposed by the applicant solves this problem, namely, it allows at the production stage to "tune" the instrument to a given range with an extended sound scale.

The technical result, objectively manifested in the creation and use of the invention, is to expand the sound range of the ratchet, and more precisely, to create a plate ratchet with a specific predetermined sound range. The invention allows the creation of musical instruments of a planned timbre with a full octave range. Due to this, it becomes possible to create musical works for rattles, their use in musical groups of all directions increases.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the indicated technical result became possible due to the fact that the author proposed to use temperament for the first time to calculate the thickness or length of the ratchet, as well as the connection of the ratchet plates taking into account their different thicknesses. A uniformly temperated system, uniform temperament is a temperamental musical system in which each octave is divided into mathematically equal intervals, each of which is equal to n = 1,05946. Tempering sounds on an instrument is called tuning. However, with regard to shock-noise musical instruments, tempering (tuning) has not been applied before, since, as mentioned above, such musical instruments, in particular a ratchet, have never been tuned to a specific note, and the instrument was used only for rhythm.

как описано ниже. Сборку пластин осуществляют с помощью лески с утолщенной или утоненной стороны, при этом если сборка осуществляется с утолщенной стороны звучание осуществляется от верхней чистоты к низкой, а если с утоненной стороны, то, наоборот, звучание осуществляется от низкой чистоты к верхней. Высота музыкального звука определяется от 1-й до 2-й октавы звучания. Изменяя толщину (длину) пластины трещотки, добиваются расширения диапазона звучания музыкального инструмента.The lamellar ratchet proposed in this invention is characterized in that the truncated blank with a moisture content of 6-8%, taking into account the specific gravity of each rock, is tuned to any note, C of the first octave or Re of the 2nd octave. After that, the workpiece is cut taking into account the parameters of the thickness or length calculated taking into account the coefficient of the tempered halftone $$n=\sqrt[12]{2}=\mathrm{1,05946}$$

as described below. The plates are assembled using a fishing line from the thickened or thinned side, while if the assembly is carried out from the thickened side, the sound is from top to low purity, and if from the thinned side, then, on the contrary, the sound is from low purity to the top. The pitch of a musical sound is determined from the 1st to 2nd octave of sound. By changing the thickness (length) of the ratchet plate, they achieve an extension of the sound range of the musical instrument.

The technical result and the task is achieved due to the fact that in a plate ratchet, including plates made of wood, jumpers are hemispherical crackers connected by a cord, in contrast to the known solution, each plate has a constant thickness on the one hand and, on the other hand, the plate thickness is t / n, where t is the reference or calculated thickness of the plate, and n is the coefficient of temperamental halftone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened in the upper part with a thickened side (1st option).

In the second embodiment, each plate on the one hand has a constant thickness, and on the other hand, the thickness of the plate is t / n, where t is the reference or calculated thickness of the plate, an is the temperament coefficient of halftone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened to the top of the thinned side.

In the third embodiment, the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where L is the reference or calculated length of the plate, n is the temperament coefficient of semitone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened in the upper part with a thickened side.

In the fourth embodiment, the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where L is the reference or calculated length of the plate, n is the temperament coefficient of semitone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened to the top with the thinned side;

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

FIG. 1 - General view of the ratchet, option 1;

FIG. 2 - View plate according to option 1;

FIG. 3 - General view of the ratchet, option 2;

FIG. 4 - View plate according to option 2;

FIG. 5 - View plate according to option 3;

FIG. 6 - View plate according to option 4;

FIG. 7 - Change the width of the plate.

The plastic rattle consists of plates 1 made of hardwood: rosewood, ebony, ash, oak, hornbeam, pear or beech. The number of plates can be from 15 to 20. The more plates, the juicier and denser the sound. In the upper part of the plate 1 there are holes 2 through which a tight rope or a strong polymer cord 3 is connected connecting the plates 1. Between the plates 1 in the area of attachment are hemispherical crackers - jumpers 4 made of the same wood species. Jumpers determine the smoothness and timbre of the instrument. In the upper part, handles are fixed to the side plates on both sides. 5. The length of the plates is 300 ± 5 mm, and the width is 50 ± 1.0 mm. In contrast to the closest analogue, the claimed invention proposes the use of different thickness plates, when each plate on the one hand has a constant thickness, and on the other hand, the thickness of the plate is t / n, where t is the reference or calculated thickness of the plate, and n = 1,05946 is a constant used to calculate the temperamental series.

At the same time, they fasten the plates in two options:

1) a thickened side from above;

2) the thinned side on top.

Such a connection of the plates provides the sound of the instrument from Do, Re, Mi of the 1st octave to Do, Re, Mi of the 2nd octave.

для щипковых музыкальных инструментов, таких как гитара, балалайка, домра, мандолина, гусли для разбивки ладов на грифы (см. Советская энциклопедия, издание от 05.06.1956 г., стр. 204 статья «Двенадцати ступенной темперированный ряд»; «Изготовление и ремонт щипковых музыкальных инструментов» Н.А. Комаров, С.Н. Федюнин, Москва, Легпромиздат, 1988 год, стр. 107). Равномерная темперация позволяет легко совершать переход из тональности в тональность. Автором предложено использовать этот коэффициент для расчета толщины и длины пластин трещотки.It is known to use the interval coefficient of the tempered halftone $$n=\sqrt[12]{2}=\mathrm{1,05946}$$

for plucked musical instruments, such as a guitar, balalaika, domra, mandolin, harp for breaking frets into vultures (see Soviet Encyclopedia, publication of 06/05/1956, p. 204 article "Twelve step temperament series";"Manufacture and repair plucked musical instruments ”N. A. Komarov, S. N. Fedyunin, Moscow, Legpromizdat, 1988, p. 107). Uniform temperament makes it easy to make the transition from tonality to tonality. The author suggested using this coefficient to calculate the thickness and length of the ratchet plates.

For the manufacture of ratchets, a truncated shape blank is taken at a moisture content of 6-8%, taking into account the specific gravity of each rock, tuned to the note La, Si or Do of the first octave or Do, La, Cu of the 2nd octave. After that, the workpiece is cut according to the specified parameters, with a thickness or length, taking into account the coefficient of the tempered halftone. In accordance with the calculation, by radially sawing strictly calibrated thickness, the size of the plate thickness is changed using known equipment and tools (ruler, caliper, joiner's workbench, plane, hacksaw and cycle, SHLDB, band saw, circular saw for longitudinal and transverse cutting). Handles in the form of a bracket are attached using self-tapping screws to the end plates.

The calculation of the thickness of the plates is as follows. The calculation goes from low to high, i.e. they tune the specific notes of the preform itself from C of the first octave or Re of the 2nd octave, after which the processing of the plates is carried out by a 12-step temperamental row and, conversely, from the upper frequency to the low. The use of plates with the calculated dimensions according to the above formula allows you to achieve a specific octave, while the length, thickness and width can vary in any direction.

An example of calculations of the plate thicknesses of the proposed options:

t2 = 10: 1,05946 = 9.44

t3 = 9.44: 1,05946 = 8.91

t4 = 8.91: 1,05946 = 8.40

t5 = 8.40: 1,05946 = 7.94

t6 = 7.94: 1,05946 = 7.49

t7 = 7.49; 1,05946 = 7.1

t8 = 7.1: 1,05946 = 6.61

t9 = 6.61: 1,05946 = 6.24

t10 = 6.24: l, 05946 = 5.89

t11 = 5.69: 1.05946 = 5.56

t12 = 5.56: 1.05946 = 5.25

t13 = 5.25: 1.059 = 5.00

A thickness t1 of 10 mm is a reference. By adopting a certain reference thickness and knowing the interval coefficient of the temperamental semitone equal to 1,05946, as well as its serial number, all 12 stages of the sound system can be constructed (see Appendix 3, Soviet Encyclopedia, publication of 06/05/1956, p. 204, article “ The twelve-step temperamental row "). The following thicknesses t2 t3 t4 ... t13 - are calculated, therefore, they are called calculated by the author. Next, a ratchet is assembled using a fishing line through pre-made holes. The fishing line is attached with a double knot in relation to the plates at an angle of 8-11 °. Then fix the handles on the side plates.

As mentioned above and shown in the drawings, in the first embodiment of the invention, the plates are fastened on top with a thickened side. This allows you to achieve the full sound of an octave: from To the 1st octave to Up to the 2nd octave or vice versa, but can vary to DO or PE or Mi of the 1st octave.

In the second embodiment, the plates are fastened at the top with a thinned side. This achieves the sound of rattles of a full octave from Sol, La minor act to Sol, La 1st octave.

In total, as can be seen from the calculations, 2 ¹³ variants of ratchets can be made taking into account fastening with thickened or thinned sides and various sizes of plate thickness.

; ширина 50 мм±1,0 мм. Предлагаемая трещотка отличается тем, что при тех же размерах длины и ширины ее толщина с одной стороны является постоянной и составляет 5 мм±0,15 мм, а с другой стороны - размер толщины расчетный и может составлять 10 мм±0,5 мм; 9,44 мм и т.д. (см. расчет выше).The claimed invention is illustrated by the following example of a specific implementation. The dimensions of the ratchet plates are: length

; width 50 mm ± 1.0 mm. The proposed ratchet is characterized in that for the same length and width dimensions, its thickness is constant on the one hand and is 5 mm ± 0.15 mm, and on the other hand, the thickness dimension is calculated and may be 10 mm ± 0.5 mm; 9.44 mm, etc. (see calculation above).

Gathering the plates on top of the thickened side (option 1) achieve the sound of the next note (or tone or semitone). And collecting plates from the top with the thinned side (2nd option) provide the sound of the instrument in a specific octave.

Options 3 and 4 differ in that they change the length of the plates. In the third embodiment, the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where L is the reference or calculated length of the plate, n is the temperament coefficient of semitone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened in the upper part with a thickened side. In the fourth embodiment, the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where L is the reference or design length of the plate, n is the temperament coefficient of semitone = 1,05946, while the plates are fastened in the upper part with the thinned side. In this case, only the width is constant. By changing the length of the plates with the calculation in a 12-step row, they also provide a different range, i.e. choosing a Mi note of the 1st octave, you get a range of up to the 2nd octave and vice versa.

An example of calculating the length of the plates of the proposed options:

L1 = 300 mm ± 5.0 mm

L2 = 300: 1,05946 = 283.16

L3 = 283.16: 1.05946 = 267.27

L4 = 267.27: 1.05946 = 252.27

L5 = 252.27: 1.05946 = 238.11

L6 = 238.11: 1.05946 = 224.75

L7 = 224.75: 1.05946 = 212.13

L8 = 212.13: 1.05946 = 200.22

L9 = 200.22; 1,05946 = 188.9

L10 = 188.9: 1.05946 = 178.3

L11 = 178.3: 1.05946 = 168.29

L12 = 168.28: 1,05946 = 158.85

L13 = 158.85: 1,05946 = 149.93

L14 = 149.93: 1.05946 = 141.52 etc.

The ratchet plate length is 300 mm ± 5.0 mm, and the subsequent ratchet plate length is different in that it has a length of 283.16 mm, 252.27, and so on, to the desired sound frequency. The blank of the plate is tuned to a note in the same way as in the 1st and 2nd versions, after which the blank is trimmed along the length. By connecting plates with a reduced length of the thickened or thinned side in the upper part, two additional options are obtained, each of which, in turn, can have 13 sub-options.

By the same principle, it is possible to change not only the thickness and length, but also the width (see. Fig. 7)

W2) 50: 1.05946 = 47.19

W3) 47.19: 1.05946 = 44.55

W4) 44.55: 1.05946 = 42.05

W5) 42.05: 1.05946 = 39.69

W6) 39.69: 1.05946 = 37.46

W7) 37.46: 1.05946 = 35.36

W8) 35.36: 1.05946 = 33.37

W9) 33.37: 1.05946 = 31.50

W10) 31.50: 1.05946 = 29.73

W11) 29.73: 1.05946 = 26.06

W12) 29.06: 1.05946 = 26.46

W13) 26.46: 1.05946 = 25.00

By changing the width of the plates, they achieve a reduction in the weight of the rattles, and at the same time, higher sound frequencies, from "La", "C" of the 1st octave to "La", "C" of the 2nd octave. By changing the width of the plates, two ratchets are additionally obtained.

Thus, a total of 6 to ¹³ degrees of plate ratchet variants is obtained. The known dimensions of the ratchet plate make it possible to extract only one sound. Polyphony of instruments and sound quality are increased due to radial sawing strictly according to calibrated thickness and length, knowing the coefficient of tempered semitone n = 1,05946, as well as options for fastening plates in the upper part of the thickened or thinned side. The presented calculations are made for ratchet options for different octaves, allowing you to organize an ensemble of rattles of different sounds. In addition, by reducing the width of the plates, they achieve a reduction in the weight of the rattles, this makes it possible to use them more widely in children's ensembles.

Plate ratchet is used as follows. The ratchet is held by the handles with two hands, moving apart in an upward, downward direction, and then, connecting in casual smooth movements, the plates touching, make smooth trills of sound, which depend on the cyclical nature of the movement. They usually hold a ratchet at the level of the head or chest, and sometimes higher. Shaking the ratchet with a different slope and force, they achieve a different sound.

Claims (12)

1. Plate ratchet, including plates made of wood, jumpers - hemispherical crackers connected by a cord, characterized in that each plate on one side has a constant thickness, and on the other hand, the plate thickness is t / n, where
t is the reference or calculated plate thickness;
n is the coefficient of the tempered semitone equal to 1,05946,
while the plates are fastened in the upper part with a thickened side. 2. The plate ratchet according to claim 1, characterized in that the handles are fixed on the side plates. 3. The plate ratchet according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are made of hardwood. 4. Plate ratchet, including plates made of wood, jumpers - hemispherical crackers connected by a cord, characterized in that each plate has a constant thickness on the one hand and the thickness of the plate on the other hand is t / n, where
t is the reference or calculated plate thickness;
n is the coefficient of the tempered semitone equal to 1,05946,
while the plates are fastened in the upper part with the thinned side. 5. The plate ratchet according to claim 4, characterized in that the handles are fixed on the side plates. 6. Plate ratchet according to claim 4, characterized in that the plates are made of hardwood. 7. Plate ratchet, including plates made of wood, lintels - hemispherical crackers connected by a cord, characterized in that the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where
L is the reference or design plate length;
n is the coefficient of the tempered semitone equal to 1,05946,
while fastening the plate in the upper part with a thickened side. 8. The plate ratchet according to claim 7, characterized in that the handles are fixed on the side plates. 9. The plate ratchet according to claim 7, characterized in that the plates are made of hardwood. 10. Plate ratchet, including plates made of wood, lintels - hemispherical crackers connected by a cord, characterized in that the length of the plates is calculated by the formula L / n, where
L is the reference or design plate length;
n is the coefficient of the tempered semitone equal to 1,05946,
while fastening the plate in the upper part with the thinned side. 11. The plate ratchet according to claim 10, characterized in that the handles are fixed on the side plates. 12. Plate ratchet according to claim 10, characterized in that the plates are made of hardwood.

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