RU2579208C2 - Method of biological drainage of soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of ecology and can be used in soil remediation landfills of municipal solid waste. In the process of biological drainage of soil a remediation layer of perennial crops is planted. Burdock, cow parsnip, cyprus angustifolia are used as crop. Provides decline in leaking of toxic seepage water.

EFFECT: reduced damage to the environment objects the disposal of solid waste in their destruction.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology and can significantly reduce the damage to the environment by landfills of solid household waste (MSW) during their destruction, and carry out biological remediation of the soil of landfills for solid waste.

An analysis of the life cycle of solid waste landfills indicates that after closure for reception and in the process of landfill reclamation, the entire volume of toxic filtering water (EW) generated will enter the environment, polluting it.

Following the “Instructions on the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid household waste” approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation on November 2, 1996, the work on waterproofing the surface of the solid waste mass during the land reclamation period does not completely exclude the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the soil and the landfill body with the formation of a toxic filtrate, i.e. protect the environment from pollutants.

Known methods of soil drainage, consisting in the evaporation of liquid to reduce the volume of PV, which use tanks with lime to neutralize, evaporators, denitrification reaction tanks and furnaces (CN 101182049, publ. 05.21.2008, CN 202898170, publ. 24.04. 2013).

The disadvantage of these methods is the presence of emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere during the evaporation of highly toxic PV in the conditions of solid waste landfills, which is unacceptable from an environmental point of view.

Closest to the claimed is a method of bio-drainage of irrigated land, which allows you to eliminate subsoil water generated in the irrigated field due to filtration (RU 2320815, publ. 03/27/2008).

The method is carried out by planting the upper reclamation layer of perennial plant crops (forest belt), which serves as a biological evaporator of drainage water, i.e. provides bio-drainage of the soil.

As perennial plant crops, willow, poplar and elm, i.e. trees that grow slowly and only at the age of ten acquire the properties necessary to fulfill the function of soil bio-drainage, when a sufficiently branched root system and a crown with leaves are formed, which ensure productive transpiration of PV across the entire root-inhabited thickness of the soil without capillary rise to the surface and without filtering it into soil.

However, in relation to landfills for solid waste, there is a need to protect the environment in the first year of reclamation of a landfill for solid waste, which is only possible by significantly increasing the degree of transpiration of plant crops to minimize the consumption of toxic EF in the first year of soil restoration.

The technical result consists in creating a highly effective method of soil bio-drainage, which allows minimizing the amount of seeping PV exceeding the annual amount of precipitation in the first year of reclamation of a landfill for solid waste, i.e. reduce the amount of toxic toxic EF generated to the minimum possible during waste destruction.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the implementation of the method of soil bio-drainage, including planting a cultivation layer of perennial plant crops, spiderweed burdock (Árctium), and / or Sosnowski hogweed (Heracléum sosnówskyi), and / or narrow-leaved fireweed (Epilóbium) are used as plant crops angustifolium).

It was experimentally established that burdock (Árctium), as well as Sosnowski hogweed (Heracléum sosnówskyi), as well as narrow-leaved fireweed (Epilóbium angustifolium) are plant crops that are distinguished by high moisture consumption and have a large vegetative and root mass. When used for bio-drainage, the amount of penetrating moisture into the body of the landfill is significantly reduced by its absorption and further transpiration. The transpiration level of these plants during the warm season is from 85 to 120% of the annual rainfall.

The general properties that allow these plants to serve as bio-drainage crops are as follows:

- the bulk of the horizontal and vertical roots are located in the soil layer up to 30 cm, and individual roots can reach a length of 1.5-2 m;

- perennials (2 years or more);

- rhizomes are thick and creeping, additional buds develop on vertical and horizontal roots, which contribute to rapid vegetative propagation;

- the height of the plant reaches 1.5 m;

- leaves and inflorescences reach 40-80 cm;

- high level of transpiration;

- resistance to growing conditions in landfills and clogged areas (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/).

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 presents a comparative table of water transpiration by plants and without plants by months.

In FIG. 2 shows a comparative graph of the average annual layer of precipitation with the total layer of evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration of the declared plants.

In FIG. 3 presents the climatic environmental conditions in the Perm region.

In FIG. 4 is a table showing experimental data on the amount of precipitation seeped through the upper reclamation cover using the claimed plants.

As follows from FIG. 1, the transpiration level when using the declared crops is 1.2–2.3 times higher than the level of evaporation with uncovered soil and 1.5–2.5 times higher than the amount of precipitation for a similar period of time. Moreover, the total amount of water vaporized by the declared plants for three months corresponds to the annual volume of evaporation from the soil surface.

As can be seen in the graph of FIG. 2, the total level of evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants exceed the annual rainfall for each of these plants.

The amount of moisture penetrating the landfill body through the upper reclamation layer with various plant crops was calculated.

The calculation was performed for the climatic conditions of the Western Urals (Perm Territory).

The amount of precipitation and the value of average monthly temperatures for months are taken according to the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Hydrometcenter of Russia".

To calculate the amount of evaporated moisture, SNiP 23-01-99 “Construction Climatology” and SNiP 2.01.01-82 “Construction Climatology and Geophysics”, as well as the method of A. R. Konstantinov “Calculation of evaporation from soil, water and snow” were adopted.

As a result of the calculations, it was found that the filtrate layer formed on the landfill using plant crops recommended by the “Instructions for the design, operation and reclamation of landfills for solid household waste”, approved by the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation on November 2, 1996, as well as on the landfill without vegetation, is 110-150 mm / year.

Extrapolating experimentally obtained data on transpiration by plants for the entire calendar year, taking into account the absence of evaporation from the surface of plants in the cold season, the results were obtained, which are shown in FIG. four.

Thus, when using the declared plants for bio-drainage during the reclamation of solid waste landfills, the amount of moisture consumed by plants exceeds the amount of precipitation left after evaporation from the soil surface, that is, exceeds the amount of moisture available for the climatic conditions of the Perm Territory. Moreover, the resulting moisture deficit allows plants to consume the entire flood volume of water on the surface of the waste array.

It can be concluded that the use of cobweb (Árctium) burdock, Sosnowski hogweed (Heracléum sosnówskyi), as well as narrow-leaved fireweed (Epilóbium angustifolium) as plant crops leads to a significant change in the significant consumption item of the water balance - evaporation.

It has been experimentally proved that with the help of the above plants it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of toxic filtrate formed, and when all the work required for the reclamation of an array of solid waste is performed, the formation of toxic PVs can be completely eliminated. At the same time, it was experimentally established that plants recommended by current regulatory documents for the biological stage of reclamation of solid waste landfills practically do not affect the water balance of the solid waste landfill and do not allow reducing the amount of filtrate formed after the landfill closes.

The transpiration level of these plants during the warm season is from 85 to 120% of the annual rainfall.

Thus, the claimed method allows to compensate for the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the soil in the post-operational period of the life cycle of a solid waste landfill and, therefore, to reduce the volume of toxic toxic EF generated to the minimum possible during waste destruction.

Claims (1)

The method of soil bio-drainage, which consists in planting a restoration layer of perennial plant crops, characterized in that the plant crops use cobweb burlap (Arctium), and / or Sosnowski hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi), and / or narrow-leaved fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium).

Images