RU2578900C1 - Method for testing metal barriers - bases of protective heterogeneous structures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: defense equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to defense equipment and intended for testing face metal barriers as basis of heterogeneous protective structures. Method involves shooting heads at rate higher than speed of impact, determination and measurement of depth of penetration of impact striker diameter d in metal surface h (cavity depth). Rate of impact is more or less than expected minimum speed of solid penetrations. Determination of maximum (minimum) rate of solid penetrations, above which there are solid zone, and below-only natural zone, with underlying linear dependence of small depth values cavern h from impact speed; advantages of quantised speed impact; unambiguous and small two-digit quantum numbers n for all speeds, on which there are prepared penetration or cavern increased depth.

EFFECT: determination of availability and advantages of quantised speed of impact, as well as high accuracy of determining minimum speed of solid penetrations is achieved.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

b) даже на V_C=V_Пn≈V_ПСП-100, м/с.The invention relates to defense technology and is intended for testing facial metal barriers - the basis of heterogeneous protective structures, by firing them with firing strips in order to confirm the expected V _PSP - the minimum speed of continuous (100%) penetration, which is quantized and corresponds to quantum numbers n = 14, 15 , 16, 17, 18 units for which the firing pin with caliber d passes behind a steel barrier of thickness b≈d (Fig. 1a), as well as with the aim of determining the quantized impact velocities (V _C = V _Пn ) <V _PSP corresponding to quantum numbers n = 2, 3 (1), 4, ... 9, on toryh quantized depth of penetration of the striker into the obstacle h _n n increases with a decrease from 18 to 2, reaching penetrations (h _max $$\cong$$

b) even at V _C = V _Pn ≈V _PSP -100, m / s.

In this case, small values of the penetration depth of the striker into the obstacle h (Fig. 1b) or h _n , corresponding to quantum numbers n = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, but obtained on V _С ≤V _PSP , must reach values b / 2, 08; 2.34; 2.68; 3.12; 3.73.

Fig. _SRP V 1a> (V _C = V _Pn) ≥V _SRP Fig. 1.b (V _C = V _Pn ) << V _PSP

According to the results of experimental studies of the breakdown action of strikers on obstacles with various strength characteristics and materials taken from the book [1], it was found that between the depth of the cavity h (when the striker is introduced into the obstruction) and the impact velocity V _C (in the range 500 ... 1500 and 1500 ... 2200 m / s) there is a linear relationship - (Fig. 2)

where a, b ¹ are the correlation coefficients determined by the results of the experiments, L is the length of the striker.

Fig. 2

Dependencies similar to (1) were also obtained when firing with long strikers on three steel plates 0.08 m thick with different strength characteristics and at an angle α = 60 °. They are shown as Fig. 3.

Given the test results shown in Fig. 3, the h values corresponding to V _PSP reach 0.75 b.

In the modern production of samples of military equipment, in particular, when testing steel plates and optimizing the structural parameters of strikers, calculation methods for estimating V _PSP are widely used. Known methods for assessing V _PSP as a function of the relative thickness of the plate, the lengthening of the striker, the angle of their meeting. Known methods for estimating V _PSP take into account only a certain part of the strength characteristics of the colliding bodies and do not take into account physicochemical ones, which also affect the penetration of steel plates and can significantly distort the calculated value of V _PSP . A known method for assessing V _PSP , including firing strikers on a steel plate at speeds close to expected, the results of which establish V _PSP . It is established by adjusting the weight of the powder charge and firing a steel plate at penetration speeds V _C > V _PSP with the subsequent averaging of three values of the minimum penetration rates. Moreover, the average speed should differ from the maximum value of the speed at which h <b, no more than 25 m / s. This requirement indicates insufficient knowledge of the resistance of steel barriers to penetration by strikers at V _C ≤V _PSP .

In order to eliminate this drawback, the author obtained a pattern of discrete changes in the ratio of the kinetic energy of the striker to the volume of the hole in the barrier

- отношение кинетической энергии бойка mV² _ПСП/2 к выбитому им объему преграды d^1,5 b^1,5. При этом используется формула Жакоб де Марра [2], позволяющая одновременно учесть толщину преграды b и угол наклона ее α, диаметр d и массу бойка m при заданном значении коэффициента К, характеризующего прочность преграды, -Where $$K^2={\sigma }_{V_P}$$

- the ratio of the kinetic energy of the striker mV ² _{PSP / 2} to the dislodged volume of the obstacle d ^1,5 b ^1,5 . In this case, the Jacob de Marr’s formula is used [2], which allows one to simultaneously take into account the thickness of the barrier b and its angle of inclination α, the diameter d and the mass of the striker m for a given value of the coefficient K characterizing the strength of the barrier,

с использованием многочисленных данных полигонных испытаний бронеплит на пробитие бойками с целью определения для них V_ПСП и К позволили получитьFor domestic strikers piercing armor plates, the coefficient K varies within 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500, 3000. The results of calculation by the author of [2] values $$K^2={\sigma }_{V_P}$$

using numerous data from field tests of armor plates for penetration by strikers in order to determine for them the V _PSP and K allowed to obtain

, изменяющихся только с изменением $$V_{ПСП}^2$$

, при увеличении чисел n на единицу будет определяться следующей зависимостью [2]:Discreteness of Values $$K^2={\sigma }_{V_P}$$

changing only with change $$V_{P\mathrm{FROM}P}^2$$

, with increasing numbers of n by one, it will be determined by the following dependence [2]:

Since the values of V _PSP are quantized velocities, taking into account dependence (4), their discreteness will be determined by extracting the square root from this dependence [2] -

It increases the knowledge of the phenomena occurring at V _PSP = V _Pn [2, 3, 4], the regularity of the discrete change in the quantized velocities V _Pn -

1,2,3,…18 - квантовые числа, а i=1,2,3,…18 при каждом значении n в пределах выбранного интервала скоростей V_Н.В.<(V_C=V_Пn)≥V_ПСП.where n $$\cong$$

1,2,3, ... 18 are quantum numbers, and i = 1,2,3, ... 18 for each value of n within the selected speed range V _N.V. <(V _C = V _Pn) ≥V _SRP.

This pattern has two characteristic properties:

1) an increase in the discreteness of V _Пn with a decrease in the quantum number n to 2 and the convergence of the values of V _Пn with an increase in the number n;

2) the repeatability of V _Pn , determined by single-digit numbers n, among V _Pn , determined by two-digit numbers n.

, т.е. уменьшения их твердости $$H_{B_{П}}$$

до $${\sigma }_{V_{П}}$$

- значения удельного сопротивления пробитию на квантованной скорости -The author [2] also established the pattern of softening of armor plates in a destructible brisk volume $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_P}$$

, i.e. decrease their hardness $$H_{B_P}$$

before $${\sigma }_{V_P}$$

- the values of the resistivity of penetration at a quantized speed -

where ħс / е ² is the reciprocal of the fine atomic structure constant, of which c is the speed of light, e is the electron charge, and ħ is the Planck constant, reduced by 2π times.

=43,5 соответствует n=2, а при n=23,7 $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_{П}}\cong \mathrm{2,0}$$

. При n≥23,7 значения $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_{П}}$$

уменьшаются от 2,0 до 1,0.Maximum value $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_P}$$

= 43.5 corresponds to n = 2, and for n = 23.7 $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_P}\cong 2.0$$

. When n≥23.7 values $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_P}$$

decrease from 2.0 to 1.0.

, т.е. увеличения $${\sigma }_{V_{П}}$$

до $$H_{B_{П}}$$

( $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_{П}}$$

- от нуля до 1,0 при n≥23,7) и увеличения отрицательных значений $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_{П}}$$

от - 41,5 до нуля при n≤23,7The author [2] also established the pattern of "hardening" of armor plates in a destructible brisk volume $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_P}$$

, i.e. increase $${\sigma }_{V_P}$$

before $$H_{B_P}$$

( $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_P}$$

- from zero to 1.0 with n≥23.7) and an increase in negative values $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_P}$$

from - 41.5 to zero at n≤23.7

=41,5 соответствует n=2. Отношение $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_{П}}$$

/ $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_{П}}$$

будет максимальным при n $$\cong$$

23,7, а при n>23,7 и при n<23,7 будет уменьшаться, только до -1,05 при n=2 и до 1,05 при n=152.Minimum value $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_P}$$

= 41.5 corresponds to n = 2. Attitude $$K_{\downarrow }{H}_{B_P}$$

/ $$K_{\uparrow }{\sigma }_{V_P}$$

will be maximum at n $$\cong$$

23.7, and for n> 23.7 and for n <23.7 it will decrease, only to -1.05 for n = 2 and to 1.05 for n = 152.

Increases the knowledge of the phenomena occurring in the destructible brisk volume of the armor plate at the quantized impact velocities V _Pn , the pattern of discrete changes in the quantized values of the cavity depth h _n [2, 3, 4] -

where μ _n = [(2n + 1) / (n ² +5)] ² 137 is the quantized part of the coefficients 1 + μ _n and 1-μ _n , the ratio of which determines the quantized h _n for a given value of the barrier thickness b;

n is a quantum number that practically varies within 2, 3, 4, ..., 18;

ħс/е² - обратная величина постоянной тонкой структуры атома, в которой с - скорость света, е - заряд электрона, ħ - постоянная Планка, уменьшенная в 2π раз.137 $$\cong$$

ħс / е ² is the reciprocal of the fine atomic structure constant, in which c is the speed of light, e is the electron charge, ħ is the Planck constant, reduced by 2π times.

This regularity convincingly shows that an increase in the discreteness of V _Pn with a decrease in the quantum number n to 2 brings the values of h _n closer to the thickness of the barrier b, i.e. to increase the breakdown ability of strikers at quantized speeds determined by single-valued quantum numbers.

The theoretical (minimum) advantage of the values of h _n over h _{n + 1} will be determined by their ratio in the form

Where

0 до h_max и получения пробитий h_max=b на V_c≥V_ПСП и на квантованных скоростях (V_c=V_Пn)<V_ПСП, являющихся следствием увеличения на этих скоростях квантованных значений глубины каверны в преграде h_n от h₁₈ $$\cong$$

b/3,73 до h₂ $$\cong$$

b/1,05, соответствующих уменьшению квантового числа n от 18 до 2. Поставленная цель при этом достигается тем, что в предлагаемом способе испытания преград, включающем выстреливание с различной начальной скоростью бойками и последующим определениемTherefore, the aim of the present invention is not so much confirmation of the expected V _SRP due to the resulting linear increase in the depth of the cavity h in the barrier from h $$\cong$$

0 to h _max and obtain penetrations h _max = b V _c ≥V on _PSP and quantized speeds (V _c = V _Pn) <V _SAPs resulting from the increase in these speeds, the quantized values of the cavity depth in the obstacle h _n h from ₁₈ $$\cong$$

b / 3.73 to h ₂ $$\cong$$

b / 1.05, corresponding to a decrease in the quantum number n from 18 to 2. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of testing obstacles, including firing at different initial speeds by strikers and then determining

the maximum through penetration rate V _PSP = V _Pn , the firing operation is carried out not only with the measurement of impact velocities and cavity depth h <b in the obstacle, by which a linear dependence of h on V _{c of} type (1 and 12) is obtained, but also with the penetration h = b V _c ≥V on _PSP and (V _c = V _Pn) <V _CAP corresponding quantized impact velocities V _S2, V _S3, V _S4, ... V _P9, their range when V _c = V _Pn (7) 5 , as well as the values of h _n - their spectrum (10) and dependence (12). The value of the through penetration limit speed V _PSP is selected from the number of obtained V _s = V _Пn at h _max = b, above which only penetrations are observed, and below - penetration only at V _с = V _Пn , corresponding to unique quantum numbers n = 2, 3 ( 1), 4, ..., 9 against the background of a linear dependence of the cavity depth h on V _{s of} type (12).

Example 1. Based on the results of experimental studies of the breakdown action of 23 mm dies on 21.6 mm steel barriers (82 hits), the author [3, 4] also obtained a linear dependence of the change in small values of cavity depth h with an increase in impact velocity V _C from 630 m / s up to V _C = V _PSP = 715 m / s

617,7 м/сек определяется зависимостью (12) при h=0 отношением (-а/b¹)=0,051838/83,92∗10^-6=617,7, м/сек. Значение h_mах $$\cong$$

0,008 м зависимость (12) определяет при V_C $$\cong$$

V_ПСП, а большинство значений h не превышают h₁₈, соответствующее n $$\cong$$

18, т.е. h₁₈ $$\cong$$

b/3,73. Зависимость (12) позволяет также определить время взаимодействия бойка с преградой τ по выражениюwhere the correlation coefficient a = -0.051838, and the correlation coefficient b ¹ = 83, 92 ∗ 10 ^-6 . The value of the speed of the beginning of the introduction of a 23 mm striker into the steel barrier V _N.V. $$\cong$$

617.7 m / s is determined by dependence (12) for h = 0 with the ratio (-a / b ¹ ) = 0.051838 / 83.92 ∗ 10 ^-6 = 617.7, m / s. H _max value $$\cong$$

0.008 m, the dependence (12) determines at V _C $$\cong$$

V _PSP , and most of the values of h do not exceed h ₁₈ , corresponding to n $$\cong$$

18, i.e. h ₁₈ $$\cong$$

b / 3.73. Dependence (12) also allows us to determine the interaction time of the striker with the obstacle τ by the expression

2,7 и соответствует квантовому числу n=16, а τ=0,0081/(715- 617,7)=8,32∗10^-5, сек.Moreover, a sharp change in the b / h ratio from 5.4 to 1.16 by (V _C = V _Pn ) << V _{PSP was also established} . The standard deviation h does not exceed 0.002 m, and the error in determining V _C is approximately 0.15%. In this case, V _C = 676 m / s corresponds to V _П14 = 676 m / s, and at (V _C = V _Пn ) <V _PSP , a grouping of penetrations is observed against the background of caverns, the depth of which increases with increasing V _C according to (12 ), reaching at V _PSP = 715 m / s the value of 0.0081 m. Moreover, the ratio b / h = 0.0216 / 0.008 $$\cong$$

2.7 and corresponds to a quantum number n = 16, and τ = 0.0081 / (715-617.7) = 8.32 * 10 ^-5 , sec.

6,667 и τ=0,003/653-617,7=8,50∗10^-5, сек. Далее, тремя пробитиями на V_C=661…665 м/с, после которых получено четыре непробития на V_C=665…668 м/с, подтверждается V_П4=665 м/с при b/h_n $$\cong$$

1,08 на фоне каверн при h=0,004 м, b/h $$\cong$$

5,00 и τ=0,0042/668-617,7=8,35∗10^-5, сек. Кроме того, четырьмя пробитиями на V_C=669…674 м/с, расположенными среди шести непробитий на V_C=671…677 м/с, подтверждается V_П14=674 м/с при b/h_n $$\cong$$

2,08 на фоне каверн при h=0,005 м, b/h $$\cong$$

4,0 и τ=0,0048/675-617,7=8,38∗10^-5,сек. Далее четырьмя пробитиями на V_C=690…692 м/с, расположенными среди четырех непробитий на V_C=689…693 м/с, подтверждается V_П13=690 м/с при b/h_n $$\cong$$

1,87 на фоне каверн при h=0,006 м, b/h $$\cong$$

3,333 и τ=0,006/693- 617,7=8,00∗10^-5, сек. При этой стрельбе (23 мм бойками по 20 мм стальной плите) на V_С=695…757 м/с получены только пробития, которым предшествуют каверны с h=0,007 м, b/h $$\cong$$

2,857, что соответствует квантовому числу n=16,45. При этом τ=0,007/700-617,7=8,51∗10^-5, сек. На V_C=638…650 м/с при этой стрельбе получены только непробития. Таким образом, в этом примере подтверждены квантованные скорости V_П2, V_П3(1), V_П4, V_П13 и V_П14, а τ является практически постоянным, имея в среднем 8,35∗10^-5, сек, а минимум - 8,00∗10^-5, сек.Example 2. According to the results of experimental studies of the breakdown action of 23 mm strikers of 20 mm each (b = 0.020), the author established steel barriers. Among six non-penetrations at V _C = 650 ... 655 m / s, three penetrations were obtained at V _C = 653 ... 655 m / s, confirming V _P2 = 655 m / s at b / h _n = 1.05 against the background of non-penetrations at h = 0.003 m, b / h $$\cong$$

6.667 and τ = 0.003 / 653-617.7 = 8.50 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. Further, by three penetrations at V _C = 661 ... 665 m / s, after which four non-penetrations were obtained at V _C = 665 ... 668 m / s, V _P4 = 665 m / s at b / h _{n is} confirmed $$\cong$$

1.08 against the background of caverns at h = 0.004 m, b / h $$\cong$$

5.00 and τ = 0.0042 / 668-617.7 = 8.35 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. In addition, four penetrations at V _C = 669 ... 674 m / s, located among six non-penetrations at V _C = 671 ... 677 m / s, confirms V _P14 = 674 m / s at b / h _n $$\cong$$

2.08 against the background of caverns at h = 0.005 m, b / h $$\cong$$

4.0 and τ = 0.0048 / 675-617.7 = 8.38 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. Further, four penetrations at V _C = 690 ... 692 m / s, located among four non-penetrations at V _C = 689 ... 693 m / s, confirms V _P13 = 690 m / s at b / h _n $$\cong$$

1.87 against the background of caverns at h = 0.006 m, b / h $$\cong$$

3.333 and τ = 0.006 / 693-617.7 = 8.00 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. During this firing (23 mm strikers on a 20 mm steel plate) at V _C = 695 ... 757 m / s, only penetrations were obtained, which are preceded by caverns with h = 0.007 m, b / h $$\cong$$

2.857, which corresponds to a quantum number n = 16.45. Moreover, τ = 0.007 / 700-617.7 = 8.51 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. At V _C = 638 ... 650 m / s, only non-penetration was obtained during this firing. Thus, in this example, the quantized velocities V _P2 , V _{P3 (1)} , V _P4 , V _P13 and V _{P14 are confirmed} , and τ is almost constant, having an average of 8.35 * 10 ^-5 , sec, and a minimum of 8 , 00 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec.

1,21(1,27) и τ=0,006/688-617,7=8,53∗10^-5, сек на фоне каверн при h=0,006 м. Тремя пробитиями на V_C=689…693 м/с и тремя пробитиями на V_C=695…698 м/с, расположенными среди пятнадцати непробитий на V_C=689…704 м/с, подтверждаются V_П3(9)=695 м/с при b/h_n $$\cong$$

1.06(1,35) и τ=0,007/700-617,7=8,51∗10^-5, сек на фоне каверн при h=0,007 м. Тремя пробитиями на V_C=705…706 м/с, после которых получено три непробития на V_C=706…708 м/с, подтверждаются V_П5=703 м/с при b/h_n $$\cong$$

1,11 и τ=0,007/706-617,7=7,93∗10^-5, сек на фоне каверн при h=0,007 м. Двумя пробитиями на V_C=708…709 м/с и тремя пробитиями на V_С=712…715 м/с, выше которых имеется два непробития, подтверждаются V_П12=711 м/с при b/h_n=1,7 на фоне каверн при h=0,008 м, b/h_n=2,222 и соответствует квантовому числу n=14,56 и τ=0,008/712-617,7=8,48∗10^-5, сек. При этом h_max/(V_ПСП-V_Н.В.) $$\cong$$

τ=0,008/(717-617,7)=8,06∗10^-5, сек. Таким образом, в этом примере подтверждены квантованные скорости V_П3(9), V_П5, V_П7, V_П8 и V_П12, а отношение h/(V_C-V_Н.В.) $$\cong$$

τ является не только более постоянным, чем в примере 2, но и практически равным их значениям в примерах 1 и 2, т.е. 8,36∗10^-5, сек.Example 3. Four penetrations of 23 mm strikers on a 21.6 mm steel plate at V _C = 682 ... 686 m / s, located among fifteen non-penetrations at V _C = 683 ... 688 m / s, are confirmed by V _P7 = 683 m / s and V _П8 = 682 m / s at b / h _n $$\cong$$

1.21 (1.27) and τ = 0.006 / 688-617.7 = 8.53 ∗ 10 ^-5 , s against the background of caverns at h = 0.006 m. Three penetrations at V _C = 689 ... 693 m / s and three breaks at V _C = 695 ... 698 m / s, located among fifteen breaks at V _C = 689 ... 704 m / s, confirm V _{P3 (9)} = 695 m / s at b / h _n $$\cong$$

1.06 (1.35) and τ = 0.007 / 700-617.7 = 8.51 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec against the background of caverns at h = 0.007 m. Three penetrations at V _C = 705 ... 706 m / s, after which received three non-penetration at V _C = 706 ... 708 m / s, confirmed V _P5 = 703 m / s at b / h _n $$\cong$$

1.11 and τ = 0.007 / 706-617.7 = 7.93 * 10 ^-5 , sec against the background of caverns at h = 0.007 m. Two penetrations at V _C = 708 ... 709 m / s and three penetrations at V _C = 712 ... 715 m / s, above which there are two non-penetrations, confirmed by V _P12 = 711 m / s at b / h _n = 1.7 against the background of caverns at h = 0.008 m, b / h _n = 2.222 and corresponds to a quantum number n = 14.56 and τ = 0.008 / 712-617.7 = 8.48 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. Moreover, h _max / (V _PSP -V _N.V. ) $$\cong$$

τ = 0.008 / (717-617.7) = 8.06 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec. Thus, in this example, the quantized velocities V _{P3 (9)} , V _P5 , V _P7 , V _P8 and V _{P12 are confirmed} , and the ratio h / (V _C -V _N.V. ) $$\cong$$

τ is not only more constant than in example 2, but also almost equal to their values in examples 1 and 2, i.e. 8.36 ∗ 10 ^-5 , sec.

In general, three examples not only confirm the quantized velocities V _P2 , V _{P3 (1)} , V _P4 , V _P5 , V _P6 , V _P7 , V _P8 , V _P9 , V _P12 , V _P13 , V _P14 , V _P15 , V _P16 , V _P17 , but also established the possibility of an approximate determination of the value of V _PSP empirical dependence

713,53, м/сек, вместо опытного значения V_ПСП $$\cong$$

715, м/сек. Для второго примера зависимость (14) дает V_ПСП $$\cong$$

706,43, м/сек, вместо опытного значения V_ПСП $$\cong$$

700, м/сек. Для третьего примера зависимость (14) дает V_ПСП $$\cong$$

713,53, м/сек, вместо опытного значения V_ПСП $$\cong$$

717,м/сек. Среднее значение отклонения в определении V_ПСП по зависимости (14) составляет 0,07%, т.е. практически превышает погрешность определения скорости удара 0,15%.where the values of the thickness of the barrier b, the quantized cavity depth h ₁₆ = 0.37b and the shallow depth of the cavity h should be in meters, and the formation time of the latter - τ = 8.34 · 10 ^-5 - in seconds. Dependence (14) allows us to obtain for the first example V _PSP $$\cong$$

713.53, m / s, instead of the experimental value of V _PSP $$\cong$$

715, m / s For the second example, dependence (14) gives V _SRP $$\cong$$

706.43, m / s, instead of the experimental value of V _PSP $$\cong$$

700, m / s For the third example, dependence (14) gives V _SRP $$\cong$$

713.53, m / s, instead of the experimental value of V _PSP $$\cong$$

717, m / s The average deviation in the determination of V _PSP according to dependence (14) is 0.07%, i.e. practically exceeds the error in determining the impact velocity of 0.15%.

Some stability of relation (14) is a good criterion for the resistance of steel barriers, since it determines the slope of the line of values of h to the axis of values of V _C with a graphical representation of the dependence of h on V _C , or rather, the tangent of the angle of inclination of the line h to the line V _C. For elongated strikers, this ratio can change with a significant change in the strength of the obstacles, which is clearly shown in Fig. 3 - an increase in the angle of inclination of the lines h to the axis V _C , which determine the values of V _SRP values h _max .

The values of the penetration depth h of the striker in various materials at low impact speeds V _C ≥V _{HB are} necessary to determine the dynamic hardness of the materials - the ratio of the kinetic energy of the striker at the moment of impact to the volume of a dent in the material, the maximum diameter of which is equal to the caliber of the striker (prototype - patent RU 2258211) [6].

Earlier, the author of [5] also established that the rate of onset of the introduction of a less solid striker into a much harder barrier V _N.V. satisfactorily determined by the following relationship:

- твердость металлической преграды, $$H_{B_{\delta }}$$

- твердость металла бойка, ρ_δ - массовая плотность металла бойка, k_П=Cos²α - коэффициент наклона преграды.Where $$H_{H_P}$$

- hardness of the metal barrier, $$H_{B_{\delta }}$$

is the hardness of the metal of the striker, ρ _δ is the mass density of the metal of the striker, k _П = Cos ² α is the slope coefficient of the obstacle.

Using the proposed method for testing steel barriers, in comparison with existing methods, provides an increase in the accuracy of determining the limits of change of V _PSP = V _Pn , as well as confirmation of the presence of quantized impact speeds of strikers in steel barriers.

The application of this method for barriers of various metals and their alloys is aimed at determining the limits of variation of V _PSP = V _Pn and confirming the presence of quantized impact speeds of the strikers in such barriers.

In this case, the quantized velocities V _P2 , V _{P3 (1)} , V _P4 , V _P5 , V _P6 , V _P7 , V _P8 , V _P9 , which correspond, first of all, are confirmed by the phenomena of breaking through at (V _C = V _Pn ) << V _PSP single-valued quantum numbers.

The application of this method for barriers of various metals and their alloys is primarily aimed at identifying the presence of quantized impact velocities corresponding to unique quantum numbers.

Literature

1. Zuhas J.A., Nicholas, Swift H.F. “Impact Dynamics,” (translated from English), Moscow, Mir, 1985, p. 293.

2. Tolov V.V., Tolov A.V. "The pattern of changes in the magnitude and discreteness of the minimum cost of the kinetic energy of solids to overcome the resistance of various environments", Description of the discovery, Bulletin of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts No. 6, St. Petersburg, 2007

3. Tolov VV, Tolov A.V. Patterns of changing the magnitude and discreteness of the energy characteristics of the interaction of metal bodies with various media, Article, Proceedings of the international symposium "Reliability and Quality", Russia, Penza, May 21-31, 2006, p. 188.

4. Tolov VV, Tolov A.V. Pattern (determinant) of discrete reduction of the initial physical and mechanical characteristics of various media to their minimum quantized values during deformation and fracture, Bulletin of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts No. 7, St. Petersburg, 2007

5. Tolov VV Characteristic rates of interaction of solids, Article, CSIF MO, issue number 8/118, 1976

6. Drokin P.A., Boldenkov V.V. The method for determining the dynamic hardness of materials, Patent RU 2258211, VNIIEF, Moscow,

Claims (1)

A method of testing metal barriers - the basis of protective heterogeneous structures, including firing strikers at a speed
V ₀ > V _C is the impact velocity, its determination and measurement of the depth of impact penetration of the striker with a diameter d in the metal surface h (cavity depth), characterized by higher impact velocities, which are more and less than the expected minimum rate of continuous (100%) penetration V _C = V _PSP = V _Пn , which is quantized and corresponding to quantum numbers n = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, in contrast to (V _C = V _Пn ) <V _PSP , corresponding to quantum numbers n = 2, 3 (1), 4, ..., 9, which aims not so much to increase the accuracy of determining the V _PSP , but rather to determine the presence and advantages of quantized velocities gift (V _C = V _Pn ) <V _PSP corresponding to n - 2, 3 (1), 4, ..., 9, before the speeds corresponding to n = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, ending with the calculation definition:
firstly, the limiting (minimum) speed of continuous (100%) breakdowns of V _PSP , above which continuous _breakdowns are obtained, and below, only regular breakdowns at V _С = V _Пn corresponding to quantum numbers n = 2, 3 (1), 4 , ..., 9, against the background of a linear dependence (3-5) of small values of the cavity depth h on the impact velocity V _C -
h = a + b ¹ V _C , m,
where a, b ¹ - correlation coefficients, determined by the results of experiments and included in the dependence for determining V _PSP -
V _PSP ≅V _Пn ≅-a / b ¹ + h ₁₆ (V _C + a / b ¹ ) / h, m / s,
where - h ₁₆ is the quantized value of the cavity depth corresponding to the quantum number n = 16 and determined by the dependence
h _n ≅b / | 1 + µ _n / 1-µ _n |,
where µ _n = [(2n + 1) / (n ² +5)] ² 137 is the quantized part of the coefficients 1 + µn and 1-µ _n , the ratio modulus of which determines the quantized
h _n at a given value of the thickness of the barrier b;
n is a quantum number that practically varies within 2, 3, 4, ..., 18;
137≅ħc / e ² is the reciprocal of the fine atomic structure constant, in which c is the speed of light, e is the electron charge, ħ is the Planck constant, reduced 2π times;
secondly, the advantages of quantized impact velocities (V _C = V _Pn ) <V _PSP , corresponding to quantum numbers n = 2, 3 (1), 4, ..., 9, over speeds (V _C = V _Pn ) = V _PSP , but corresponding n = 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, expressed by the ratio h _n / h _{14, 15, 16, 17, 18} depending
h _n / h _{14, 15, 16, 17, 18} ≅2.08; 2.34; 2.68; 3.12; 3.73 / | 1 + µ _n / 1-µ _n |,
where b / h ₁₄ ≅2.08; b / h ₁₅ ≅2,34; b / h ₁₆ ≅ 2.68; b / h ₁₇ ≅ 3.12; b / h ₁₈ ≅ 3.73;
thirdly, unambiguous and small two-digit quantum numbers n for all (V _C = V _Пn ) <V _PSP , on which penetrations or caverns of increased depth were obtained, according to the following dependence:
V _Пn ≅3 * 10 ⁸ / 〈1+ (2n + 1) / (n ² +5)〉 ^{i / 2} , m / s,
where n≅2, 3 (1), 4 ... 18 are quantum numbers, and i- 1, 2, 3, ... 18 for each value of the quantum number n.

Images