RU2578728C1 - Method of dynamic change of transceiver antenna characteristics - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communication.

SUBSTANCE: method of dynamic change of transceiver antenna characteristics is that the oscillator operates in a three-dimensional figure with a plurality of faces and edges. This match pairs of vertices of the oscillator, space is configured to interface overcommutation ribs of mating peaks.

EFFECT: technical result is to enable dynamic change of transceiver antenna characteristics, namely the radiation pattern, impedance, gain and polarization of the antenna without changing its geometry.

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Description

The invention relates to radio communications, namely to antennas, and is intended for dynamic control of the characteristics (radiation pattern, polarization, etc.) of transmitting and receiving antennas in communication systems GSM, 3G, 4G, GPS navigation, Glonass, in transmission and reception systems television.

Broadband signal transceiver technologies such as MIMO and OFDM are becoming widely used. To work with broadband signals using antenna systems with many radiating elements, for example antenna arrays. To improve the performance of antenna arrays, the number of their transceiver elements and feeders, the area of the antenna array are increased, and complex systems are used to coordinate the phases of the signals in the feeders. Further improvement in the performance of antenna arrays will affect the increase in the cost of the antenna and its overall dimensions, therefore technical solutions aimed at creating the architecture of the antenna in a limited space, similar to the capabilities of the antenna array to dynamically change the characteristics of transceiver, are relevant and significant for the development of communication systems.

The prior art ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR RADIO VEHICLES [patent for invention FR 2896625 A3], in which the wire oscillator is placed on a limited rectangular area of the windshield and bent at the same time through each step equal to the width of the placement area, increase the number of bends, thus limited area place a significant length of the wire oscillator.

The disadvantage of this analogue is the inability to change the radiation pattern of the antenna element.

A DOUBLE ANTENNA is also known from the prior art [patent for invention WO 2013143364 A1], which contains two pairs of symmetrical and mutually orthogonal dipoles, each dipole having the form of a closed line with the possibility of performing various combinations of recesses and protrusions on it, which affect characteristics of the transceiver part of the antenna.

The disadvantage of the antenna is the complexity and impossibility of dynamically changing the transmit-receive characteristics of the antenna.

Similar to the previous solution is the ANTENNA [patent for utility model CN 201450115 U], which contains a closed loop formed by joining four metal bands with different variations of bends and grooves. Its disadvantage is the complexity of the change, as well as the inability to dynamically change the characteristics of the antenna.

The closest in technical essence are ANTENNA AND DEVICE FOR THEIR COMMUNICATIONS [patent for invention JP 2013013084 A], which include two symmetric three-dimensional oscillators with many vertices and edges. Between the oscillators there are two connecting gaps with the possibility of operational closure, while it is dynamically possible to change the total bandwidth and impedance of the antennas.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the impossibility of changing the antenna pattern and polarization of the radio signal, as well as the inability to increase the number of oscillators and increase the bulk density of their placement.

In addition, the method of operation of the antenna, implemented in the prototype, allows only to connect or disconnect pairs of ribs. The difference of our proposed method can be distinguished by the fact that it involves the re-switching of the edges of the mating vertices, and the prototype does not achieve this effect.

The purpose of the invention is to enable dynamic changes in the transmit-receive characteristics of the antenna.

The technical result is the ability to dynamically change the antenna pattern, polarization of the radio signal, the bulk density of the oscillators and gain.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the prototype, characterized in that the oscillator is made in the form of a three-dimensional figure with many faces and edges, is characterized in that the vertices of the oscillator are mated in pairs, while the interface is configured to recommute the edges of the mating vertices.

In particular, the transmitting feeder is configured to switch with different vertices of the oscillator.

In particular, the commutation of the edges of the mating vertices involves the connection of opposite or adjacent edges, as well as a complete or partial rupture of the connection.

In particular, the vertices of two or more three-dimensional oscillators are matched.

The novelty of the invention is a new set of essential features that allows you to change the switching edges of the oscillator at the vertices and, as a result, change the impedance, directivity and gain of the antenna, without changing the original signal and antenna geometry.

The essence of the method is illustrated by the operation of the antenna with a three-dimensional transceiver oscillator.

A brief description of the drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a three-dimensional antenna with one oscillator.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of a three-dimensional antenna with two oscillators.

In FIG. 3 shows an example of building up a three-dimensional oscillator.

In FIG. 4 shows an example of the implementation of the commutation of the edges of the mating vertices.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of the commutation of the edges of the mating vertices of the oscillator

In FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal (sharp) radiation pattern of a three-dimensional oscillator.

In FIG. 7 is a graph of a standing wave coefficient for a longitudinal radiation pattern of a three-dimensional oscillator.

In FIG. 8 is a longitudinal cross-shaped radiation pattern of a three-dimensional oscillator.

In FIG. 9 is a graph of a standing wave coefficient for a cross-shaped radiation pattern of a three-dimensional oscillator.

The antenna consists of a three-dimensional oscillator with many vertices 1 and edges 2, while some vertices are conjugated in pairs 3.

The antenna can be made of two oscillators 4 and 5 (see Fig. 2), some vertices of which between the singular are conjugated in pairs 6, while the vertices of each of the oscillators are interconnected in pairs 7.

The main three-dimensional figure 8 (see Fig. 3) of the oscillator through one or more vertices 9 and through the feeder 10 can be extended into both external and internal spaces by an additional figure 11, while the size and configuration of the additional figure 11 may differ from the main figures 8.

At the junctions of the vertices 1 of the three-dimensional oscillator, a diode bridge 12 is installed (see Fig. 4) with four controlled diodes 13 to ensure the switching of the edges 2 of the mating vertices 1.

Three-dimensional oscillators in one embodiment can be manufactured on three-dimensional wire bending machines, in another embodiment, a three-dimensional oscillator can be etched on a three-dimensional dielectric figure, for example a cube.

The diodes 14 are made controllable with the possibility of providing a commutation of the ribs 2 of the mating peaks 1.

The antenna works as follows.

Initially, depending on the frequency range of operation, a three-dimensional oscillator with an optimal edge length equivalent to the electromagnetic wavelength is selected.

In one embodiment of the invention, the transmitting feeder 14 is commutated with vertices 15 and 16 (see Fig. 5), in another embodiment, the transmitting filter is commutated with the ribs 17 of one of the vertices 18.

To form a longitudinal (sharp) radiation pattern (see Fig. 6), the edges 19 and 20 of the vertices 21 and 22 are switched over and new connections 23 and 24 are created. By similar switching of the vertices and edges of the antenna with a three-dimensional oscillator, a cross-shaped radiation pattern can be obtained (see Fig. . 8).

In FIG. 6–9 show the calculated characteristics of the radiation patterns and the standing wave coefficient for the 3G frequency range (2100 MHz).

If several feeders with a different phase of the signal are brought to the vertices 1, then, depending on the phase difference, the polarization of the radio signal can be horizontal, vertical or spiral.

An antenna with a three-dimensional oscillator can be used instead of antenna arrays for transceiving broadband signals.

Positive technical effects are:

- the ability to recommute the vertices and edges of the oscillator, which allows you to dynamically change the operating transmit-receive characteristics of the antenna, namely the radiation pattern, impedance and polarization, while maintaining the geometry of the antenna;

- increasing the transmission coefficient and bulk density by providing the possibility of spatial growth of a three-dimensional oscillator;

- low cost of serial production of the antenna, presented by the method due to the simple design of the antenna.

Claims (4)

1. A method for dynamically changing the transceiver characteristics of an antenna, characterized in that the oscillator is a three-dimensional figure with many vertices and ribs, characterized in that the vertices of the oscillator are mated in pairs, while the pairing points are configured to reconnect the edges of the mating vertices. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the transmitting feeder is configured to switch with different vertices of the oscillator. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the commutation of the edges of the mating vertices provides for the connection of opposite or adjacent edges, as well as complete or partial break of the connection. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertices of two or more three-dimensional oscillators are mated.

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