RU2576175C1 - Drainage devices for low permeable ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: reclamation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the drying of agricultural land and can be used for drainage of construction sites. Low permeable soil drainage device comprises vertical perforated pipe 1 provided with conical drilled holes 2, the smaller base of which is directed inwardly of pipe 1. On both sides with respect to vertical tube 1 made further V-shaped filter tube 3, which are connected at the bottom of its base in the node pair with drains 6. Additional V-shaped filter tubes 3 are perforated hole 4 drilled obliquely to the bottom of the sole of plow layer 5. Standpipe drain receiving part 6 for interfacing with nodes of pipes 1 and 3, acquires an area that is greater than the yield of a cylindrical vertical pipe. There is a collision of streams and they are extinguished, reduced ground pressure at the bottom of the drain.

EFFECT: increases the intensity of removal of excess surface water and soil, improving ameliorative condition of the soil by increasing the total flow of water to the filter pipe.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drainage of agricultural land and can be used to drain construction sites.

Currently, when draining poorly permeable soils, horizontal tubular drainage systems are used, in which filter tubes are installed in the form of vertical filters, mainly representing a backfill of highly permeable material, to enhance the drainage effect by accelerating the drainage of surface water and water from the arable horizon.

Known drainage element for receiving excess water from the soil, made in the form of a block of filter material and having inside water-supplying passages, the element has a funnel-like shape narrowing downwards, and water-supplying passages in it are connected at the bottom into one outlet (Copyright certificate RU No. 905365, class. Ε02B 11/00, 1982).

A disadvantage of the known drainage element is the following:

- the flow of water from the filter material into the drainage pipe is limited by the water intake capacity of the outlet of the nozzle;

- the flow of water through the filtering material is limited by the water permeability of the water-supplying passages from the material;

- in this form, in the form of a narrowing funnel, if the lower narrow part of the nozzle provides a limited capacity of water, then its stagnant zone occurs. As a result of this, large pressure gradients and water velocity arise, under the influence of which soil particles move to the nozzle and the boundary layer is clogged by them. The permeability of the backfill of the filtration material is reduced and, ultimately, the drainage effect is reduced;

- during the construction of a funnel-like narrowing element and filling it with filter material, it is difficult to maintain the specified curvilinear slope of the funnel and the complexity of manufacturing the element.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is a drainage element made of filter material that tapers downward with water-supplying passages in it, while the element is made in the form of a set of disks mounted on a vertical perforated pipe, the height and porosity of each disk being selected depending on the water -physical properties of soil (Copyright certificate RU No. 1159978, class Ε02В 11/00, 1985).

A disadvantage of the known drainage element is the following:

- with such a shape, in the form of a set of filter disks tapering downward, the flow of water from the filter material in height occurs unevenly, and is limited by the water permeability of the vertical pipe mainly in the upper part;

- pipe throughput is also limited by a pipe connected to the drain. When water flows from porous drainage disks into a vertical perforated pipe through holes, additional resistance is created, which depends on the area of expansion of the funnel in its upper part;

- it is difficult to transfer water from porous disks along the perimeter of a vertical pipe in height in a poorly permeable arable layer of soil;

- failure of part of the disk from the filter material, i.e. their colmability and reduces the water intake filtering surface;

- made elements in the form of inclined prisms from a set of discs worn on a vertical perforated pipe made of porous granular material with such a complex multi-stage configuration in a mechanized way is very problematic for the length of a large number of drains or requires a lot of manual labor. As a result of this, it can be an ineffective measure to remove excess surface water accumulated in a decrease, since the operation of a drainage element of this design will be determined by the properties of the set of disks, and the height and porosity of each disk will be difficult to calculate, i.e. the design will be determined by the water-physical properties of the soil layers, which is also very difficult to calculate, since the drained field can be different in its structural composition (along the length of the drains).

The objective of the invention and its technical solution is to increase the intensity of drainage of excess surface and ground water, improve the reclamation state of the soil by increasing the total flow of water into the area of the filter pipe.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the drainage device of poorly permeable soil, which uses a drainage pipe in the arable and subsurface layers in the form of a vertical filter pipe and a backfill of highly permeable material, has additional V-shaped filter pipes made with a slope and converging at the base of the vertical filter pipes installed in the nodes of interfacing with the drain, and the perforated holes of the V-shaped filter pipe with a hole filter are drilled obliquely in the side at the base of the tillage layer, and the top tube is recessed at one level below the base of the tillage layer.

In addition, the perforated holes of the vertical pipe with a hole filter are drilled with conical holes narrowing inward the pipe.

Distinctive features of the prototype are:

- within the influx of water to the drain, the contour of water ingress is increased with a minimum pressure gradient from the soil layer inside the filter pipe;

- the connection at the base of the vertical filter pipe of an additional V-shaped filter pipe with drilled holes obliquely towards the bottom of the arable layer significantly reduces the resistance to moisture current when it flows from the filter material and then into the drainage pipe.

Within the influence zone of surface water drainage, the drainage device removes water from the material backfill, filter pipes coming in through an additional V-shape, which are a hole filter. The holes are drilled obliquely towards the bottom of the arable layer, at an angle of 30-40 degrees to the axis of the pipe. In this case, the vertical perforated pipe also has drilled conical holes narrowing inside the pipe. In addition, all pipes are interconnected and installed in the nodes of interfacing with the drain. Due to this, the efficiency of water drainage into the drain of the accumulated water flow in perforated pipes increases, respectively, the transporting ability of the drain increases.

Thus, a causal relationship is ensured between the set of distinctive features of the claimed invention and the achieved technical result: regulation of the drainage intensity by increasing the water intake surface (contact area of the filter pipes) and reducing the resistance to water flow along the height of the filter material when it flows from the filter pipes directly at a high flow rate drain pipe. In addition, the clogging of the filtering soil by the height of the filtering pipes is excluded.

The drawing shows a drainage device of poorly permeable soil in section.

Drainage device of poorly permeable soil contains a vertical perforated pipe 1, equipped with drilled conical holes 2, the smaller base of which is directed inside the pipe 1. Additional V-shaped filter pipes 3 have hole holes 4, drilled obliquely to the base of the sole of the arable layer 5, and are made with two sides relative to the vertical pipe 1, which are connected in the lower part of its base in the node interface with the drain 6. Pipes 1 and 3 in the upper part have a removable filter cover 7. Height filter pipes 1 and 3 are limited from above by an arable layer 5 with a thickness of 30-40 cm to prevent damage by tillage mechanisms, as well as the possibility of drying the subsurface layer with absorbing pipes. The filtering V-shaped pipes 3 have a bias towards the connection with the vertical pipe 1 together with the connection with the drain 3. Thus, a drainage device is formed in the form of an “open lobe”.

The drainage device of low permeability soil works as follows.

Surface water with a layer h enters through the arable layer (horizon) 5 into the backfill between the filter pipes 1 and 3, from which it is collected by additional V-shaped perforated pipes 3 with hole holes 4 and a vertical pipe 1 equipped with conical holes 2 with filter covers 7 In this case, the holes 4, drilled obliquely at an angle of 30-40 degrees to the base of the sole of the arable layer 5, force the water to move inside the perforated pipe 3. with excessive pressure, the speed toward them increases due to Dren womb pipe to 6. Because the vertical perforated tube 1 is provided with only the tapered hole 2, the smaller base of which is directed inwardly of the tube 1, there is a redistribution of water between the inclined outflow 3 and 1 vertical pipes. As a result, the intake intake part of the drain 6 in the nodes of the interface with the pipes acquires an area larger than the exit from the cylindrical vertical pipe 1. The flows collide and quench, thereby reducing the specific pressure on the bottom of the drain 6.

The use of this drainage device during the drainage of poorly permeable soils will significantly enhance the drainage effect of the drainage and reduce construction costs, since it will not require a device to form complex multifaceted filtering disks that are expensive from granular material along the drainage length on the drainage system and at the same time take into account the lithological structure of soils and hydrological conditions when designing and the construction of such systems. The presence of additional V-shaped perforated pipes installed and connected in the base with a vertical pipe in the nodes of interfacing with the drain, firstly, will increase the water intake filter surface, and secondly, the movement of the liquid along the slope of the holes helps the liquid to flow at an angle into the drainage opening of the drain thirdly, the strength of the bottom of the drain is ensured by the collision of the jets of water emerging from the inclined pipes, and the displacement of the jets to the center of the vertical pipe, where they are quenched by the incident outflow of water of the latter. Thus, the functionality and design features of the construction make it possible to use drainage not only when draining agricultural fields, but also in the construction of underground parts of buildings and structures.

Claims (2)

1. A drainage device of poorly permeable soil, including a drainage pipe in the arable and subsurface layers in the form of a vertical filter pipe and a backfill of highly permeable material, characterized in that it has additional V-shaped filter pipes made with a slope and converging at the base of the vertical filter pipe installed in the nodes of interfacing with the drain, and the perforated holes of the V-shaped filter tubes with a hole filter are drilled obliquely towards the bottom of the arable layer and x pipe recessed at one level below the base of the tillage layer. 2. The drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated holes of the vertical pipe with a hole filter are drilled with conical holes narrowing inside the pipe.

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