RU2573684C2 - Multi-layer transformable tight shell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transformable space structures. A multi-layer transformable tight shell (MTTS) includes a blanket with protection against atomic oxygen, anti-meteoroid protection in the form of protective anti-meteoroid screens with screen-to-screen separators, a reinforcing layer, a sealing layer, a layer that protects against damages from inside. Anti-meteoroid protection comprises multi-layer anti-meteoroid screens from aramid cloth. Screen-to-screen separators are made with "waffle" non-through perforation.

EFFECT: provision of sufficient protection of a multi-layer transformable tight shell against micrometeoroids and anthropogenic particles due to use of perforated screen-to-screen separators, possibility of maximum compression of MTTS in transport position and its full recovery in working position, and also reduction of mass characteristics of MTTS.

8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transformable space structures.

The invention is most in demand as a shell of transformable space inhabited modules.

The creation and implementation of technology of transformable space inhabited modules is aimed, first of all, at solving the following problems:

- the need to significantly increase the usable volume of sealed modules in the Russian segment of the international space station (PC ISS) and advanced space stations in order to increase the comfort of long-term crew stay and create the necessary conditions for complex scientific and technological experiments;

- reducing the overall dimensions of the design of the inhabited modules in the starting position to ensure the possibility of their removal by existing and promising launch vehicles, since the space of the payload zone under the fairing is limited. In addition, the increase in the size of habitable modules in the transport position is difficult due to problems with transportation by modern rail and air transport;

- the need to more effectively ensure acceptable levels of protection for space station crews from the effects of ionizing radiation in outer space;

- the need to increase the mechanical resistance of the inhabited compartments to the effects of meteoroids and particles of technogenic debris compared to traditional compartments, taking into account the increasing danger of collision with space debris in near-Earth orbits, and as a result, the possibility of damage to them.

The main problem is to provide protection from meteoroids and technogenic particles.

The most effective solution to this problem is to use the principle of spaced screens, on each of which the particle loses part of its energy and is divided into smaller fractions diverging behind the screen. The protection efficiency is higher, the greater the distance between the screens, which provides a greater expansion of fragments before meeting with the subsequent obstacle, and therefore, the distribution of impact energy over a larger area. However, the total volume for placing the module in the payload area under the fairing is limited. Therefore, in the transport position, the multilayer transformable sealed shell (MTGO) should be compressed as much as possible, while in space it must be possible to fully restore it to its working position. The weight and dimensions of MTGO in the working position is also important to minimize.

As a prototype, a technical decision was made on the TransHab transformable space module developed by NASA, described in the article “Inflatable Habitats” (authors: Kriss J. Kennedy, Jasen Raboin, Gary Spexarth, Gerard Valle, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas), published in the publication Paul Zarchan. Gossamer Spasecraft: Membrane and Inflatable Structures Technology for Space Applications // Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. ISBN 1-56347-403-4. 2001. S. 527-529, 534-535. "

The above shell transformable space module consists of several groups of layers of materials that perform various functions.

Protection against micrometeoroids and technogenic particles is provided using five spaced screens made of fabric layers of Nextel (Nekstel) material with a thickness of 1.5 mm, which are separated by spacer foam spacers.

The main disadvantages of this design are the large thicknesses of the meteoroid protection and MTGO, and, as a result, the impossibility of their compression to the minimum size when laying in the payload area under the fairing of the spacecraft in the transport position and deploying it to the working one.

During operation in Earth orbit as part of PC MKC, the multilayer transformable shell will function under the influence of fragmentation - meteoroid particles.

The problem of the security of transformable inflatable structures is especially urgent because of the poor ability of polymer, fabric and rubber materials to resist high-speed breakdown by technogenic particles and micrometeoroids.

The objective of the invention is to provide sufficient mechanical protection of MTGO from micrometeoroids and technogenic particles through the use of perforated inter-screen separators, as well as providing the possibility of maximum compression of MTGO in the transport position and its full restoration in working position, and reducing the mass characteristics of MTGO. According to the established requirements for the protection of the inhabited compartments of the international space station, Specification PC MKC SSP41163, the MTGO protective function is considered sufficient if the meteoroid protection ensures the integrity of MTGO in a collision with an aluminum particle with a diameter of 10 mm flying at a speed of 7 km / s, adopted as the equivalent of real micrometeoroids and man-made particles.

The problem is solved in that in a multilayer transformable sealed enclosure, including screen-vacuum thermal insulation with protection against atomic oxygen, meteoroid protection in the form of protective meteoroid screens with inter-screen separators of foamed elastic open-porous material, a reinforcing layer, a sealing layer, a layer protecting against damage from the damage , the meteoroid protection consists of multilayer anti-meteoroid screens of aramid fabric, and in the first from the outer to the inner contains at least 40% of the total number of layers or the total surface density of the screens, in the second - at least 20%, which are spaced 100 ± 75 mm apart from each other, and inter-screen dividers are made with “waffle” non-through perforation, while the overall dimensions of the perforation cells have the ratio a: b: c: m: H = 35: 35: 17: 3: 20 with a deviation of no more than 3 times, where a is the length of the perforation cell, b is the width of the perforation cell, c is the depth of the perforation cell, m - the wall thickness between the cells, N - the height of the inter-screen separator.

The drawings show:

figure 1 is a cross section of a transformable module with a multilayer transformable sealed shell in the transport position;

figure 2 - multilayer transformable sealed shell in the context in the working position;

figure 3 is a 3D model of a perforated inter-screen separator antimeteoroid protection;

figure 4 - perforated inter-screen separator antimeteoroid protection;

figure 5 is a transverse section of a perforated interscreen separator antimeteoroid protection;

Fig.6 is the initial state of the perforated inter-screen separator without applying force;

Fig.7 is a diagram of the preload of a perforated inter-screen separator with minimal effort;

on Fig is a diagram of the preload of the perforated inter-screen separator to a minimum thickness,

wherein:

1 - multilayer transformable sealed shell;

2 - the inner surface of the fairing;

3 - screen-vacuum thermal insulation (EVTI) with protection against atomic oxygen;

4 - anti-meteoroid protection;

5 - anti-meteoroid screens;

6 - inter-screen dividers;

7 - reinforcing layer;

8 - sealing layer;

9 - a layer that protects from damage from the inside (interior).

The multilayer transformable sealed shell (1) consists of an EVTI with protection against atomic oxygen (3), which performs the functions of thermal insulation, protection against ultraviolet radiation, atomic oxygen; anti-meteoroid protection (4), consisting of anti-meteoroid screens (5), spaced by inter-screen separators (6); a reinforcing layer to strengthen and maintain the shape of the structure (7); a sealing layer (8) and a layer that protects from damage from the inside (9), which is the interior of MTGO (1).

The main thickness of the MTGO (1) in the working position is formed by inter-screen separators (6) of the anti-meteoroid protection integrated into the MTGO (1) (4). In the transport position, the laying of the MTGO (1) in the allotted zone of the payload, limited by the inner surface of the fairing (2), is carried out by preloading (elastic deformation) of the inter-screen separators (6). Preloading of inter-screen separators is ensured primarily due to their perforation, and also due to the open-porous structure of the material. The perforation diagram is shown in figures 3-5, where a is the length of the perforation cell, b is the width of the perforation cell, c is the perforation depth, m is the wall thickness between the cells, and the height of the inter-screen separator (6) is N. Figures 6-8 show fundamental feature of preloading the inter-screen separator with "waffle" perforation.

As an example, to ensure a sufficient level of anti-meteoroid protection, it is proposed to use four anti-meteoroid screens (5) spaced by inter-screen dividers (6) with a thickness of 100 mm made of perforated polyurethane foam (PUF).

The deviation of the distance between the anti-meteoroid screens (5) from 100 mm to a value of more than 75 mm to the lower side leads to a decrease in the protective properties of the multilayer transformable sealed shell (1) by not less than 30% due to the violation of the dispersion of fragments of the micrometeoroid (technogenic particles); more than 75 mm upwards - to an irrational increase in the dimensions and mass of MTGO (1).

Deviation of the ratio of the total surface density (number of layers) of the anti-meteoroid screens (5) from the ratio given in the formula reduces the protective properties of MTGO (1) by no less than 20% due to the deterioration of the processes of crushing of a micrometeoroid or anthropogenic particle and the inhibition of its fragments.

As a material for the inter-screen separator (6), which has a low density and increased fire safety requirements, MTGO (1) considers elastic polyurethane foams PPU-TS-35 TU 6-55-49-91, PPU 75-NO TU 6-05 -1897-80 and elastic foam polyimide VPP-1TU 1-595-9-1185-2011.

The samples of perforated inter-screen separator (6) made of polyurethane foam with a total height of 100 mm were tested to determine, inter alia, the stress-strain relationships under long-term compression and the relative residual deformation during long-term compression, which confirmed the applicability of the material. When compressing a sample with a PUF wall thickness of 15 mm to 90%, the residual deformation is within 5%, which meets the requirements.

The deviation of the size m relative to a: b: H from the ratio given in the formula is more than three times larger, and the size c to a smaller one, leads to an increase in the forces necessary for preloading by more than 2 times, which complicates the laying of MTGO (1) ; a change of more than three times in the opposite direction - to a high probability of non-restoration of the initial form of inter-screen separators (6) after the cessation of the pressing force, which does not provide guaranteed distance of the anti-meteoroid screens (5) by a predetermined amount. Also, when perforating the inter-screen separator (6), as shown in figures 3-5, the mass is reduced by three times compared with the use of continuous layers of the same thickness.

Particle MTGO fragments (1) were tested for resistance to particles and the results confirmed the provision of MTGO (1) anti-meteoroid protection from aluminum particles with a diameter of 11 mm at a speed of 7 km / s.

Claims (1)

A multilayer transformable airtight shell, including screen-vacuum thermal insulation with protection against atomic oxygen, anti-meteoroid protection in the form of protective anti-meteoroid screens with inter-screen dividers of foamed elastic open-porous material, a reinforcing layer, a sealing layer, a layer that protects against damage from the inside, different from that the protection consists of multilayer antimeteoroid screens made of aramid fabric, and in the first from the outer to the inner soda at least 40% of the total number of layers or the total surface density of the screens is rusted, in the second - at least 20%, which are spaced 100 ± 75 mm apart from each other, and inter-screen dividers are made with “waffle” non-through perforation, while the overall dimensions of the perforation cells have the ratio a: b: c: m: H = 35: 35: 17: 3: 20 with a deviation of no more than 3 times, where a is the length of the perforation cell, b is the width of the perforation cell, c is the depth of the perforation cell, m - the wall thickness between the cells, N - the height of the inter-screen separator.

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