RU2572536C1 - Device of economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in livestock and poultry production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technologies of growing animals or poultry in premises with artificial electric intermittent lighting. The device comprises a time setting device 12, which output is connected through the setting device of species, the line of cross and age of the animals or poultry 13 and then through the setting device of technologically optimal standard lighting 14 to the connection of the first input of the computing unit 20 and the first input of lighting regulator 16. The output of the time setting device 12 through the setting device of variable signal of duty ratio in the range of change from zero to one (e.g., sawtooth-voltage generator) 18 is connected to the second input of the unit 20 and the first input of the lighting pulse former with variable duty ratio (biased multivibrator or phantastron) 22. The output of the setting device of species, the line of cross and age of the animals or poultry 13 through the unit of setting devices of coefficients of mathematical models for technology and saving of intermittent lighting of animal or poultry 19 is connected to the third input of the unit 20. The output of the lighting sensor 15 is connected to the second input of the lighting regulator 16, which output is connected to the first input of the coincidence circuit 25. The second input and output of the circuit 25 are connected to the output of the lighting pulse former 22 and to the inputs of the lighting devices in the premises for animals or poultry 17. The output of the unit 20 through the optimization unit of lighting porosity 21 is connected to the second input of the lighting pulse former 22.EFFECT: achievement of the most efficient production economic and at the same time corresponding to the energy economic mode of intermittent lighting of the facilities for livestock in livestock and poultry production is ensured.5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, to technologies for raising animals and birds in rooms with artificial electric intermittent lighting.

A known method and device for growing poultry, in which the control of technological processes of heating and feeding livestock in the room is made on the technical and economic basis (criterion) [1. RF patent No. 2340172 C1, A01K 29/00. Method and device for growing birds / A.V. Dubrovin and others // BI, 2008. No. 14].

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the impossibility of its direct application in artificial lighting technologies, including intermittent lighting, in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

The reason for this is the lack of appropriate new actions of the new method and corresponding new technical means and new connections between them of a new device for the economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in livestock and poultry farming.

Numerous methods and devices for economically optimal control of other technological processes in animal husbandry and poultry farming are also known.

[2. RF patent 2229155. Method and device for economical general heating of livestock buildings and local heating of farm animals / A.V. Dubrovin and others // BI, 2004. No. 14.

3. RF patent 2295237. Infocommunication control device for economical heating technologies in livestock and poultry farming / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2007. No. 8.

4. RF patent 2296464. A method for controlling economical heating in livestock and poultry farming and a device for its implementation / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2007. No. 10.

5. RF patent 2297761. A method for economical heating of farm animals or poultry and a device for its implementation / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2007. No. 12.

6. RF patent 2300194. A method for controlling economical heating technology in animal husbandry and poultry farming and a device for its implementation / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2007. No. 16.

7. RF patent 2301521. Method and device for economical heating and feeding of animals and birds / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2007. No. 18.

8. RF patent 2328112. Method and device for information and communication management of economical heating technologies in poultry farming / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2008. No. 19.

9. RF patent 2414396. Method and device for economical transportation of bird eggs by the main conveyor of the poultry farm / A.V. Dubrovin // BI, 2011. No. 8.

10. RF patent №2327675. Method and device for managing economical processing of poultry manure in industrial poultry farming / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2008. No. 18.

11. RF patent 2357812. Method and device for economical transportation, collection, sorting and disposal of household waste / A.V. Dubrovin et al. / / BI, 2009. No. 16.

12. RF patent 2423826. A complex of non-waste poultry and pig farming with its own production of feed and energy / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2011. No. 20.

13. RF patent 2462864. Device for compiling an economical feed ration and economical feeding of animals and birds / A.V. Dubrovin et al. // BI, 2012. No. 28.

14. RF patent 2490875. Method and device for economical grazing in pasture livestock / A.V. Dubrovin and others // BI, 2013. No. 24].

A common drawback of the above technical solutions is the impossibility of their direct application in artificial lighting technologies, including intermittent lighting, in animal husbandry and poultry farming.

The reason for this is also the lack of appropriate new actions of the new method and corresponding new technical means and new connections between them of a new device for the economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in livestock and poultry farming.

In agricultural production facilities, for example, in industrial poultry houses, up to several tens of thousands of birds are simultaneously raised or kept, so even a slight error in determining the real value of the intermittent lighting intermittent regime can lead to significant additional losses in livestock productivity.

At the same time, the additional energy costs for lighting agricultural premises, even with intermittent lighting, reach large values and become comparable in cost to other components of production costs.

The objective of the invention is the economically optimal control of intermittent lighting of the premises for livestock in poultry and poultry farming, the achievement of the most effective economic production and at the same time the corresponding energy-efficient intermittent lighting.

As a result of using the invention, the economically best ratio of control signals of the durations of the switched on technologically optimal mode of lighting the room and off lighting of the room for animals or birds is established.

The above technical result is achieved by the method of economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in livestock and poultry farming, including setting the standard illumination of a room with a livestock of animals or birds, measuring illumination in a room with a livestock, dimming when lighting a room with livestock according to the technological norm of illumination, implementing intermittent lighting a room with livestock by periodically turning the lighting on and off a livestock, whereby the first signal of the duration of the on state lighting of the room with the livestock is generated, the second signal of the duration of the turned off state of the lighting of the room with the livestock is formed, the first generated signal is divided into the second generated signal and the third duty cycle signal corresponding in magnitude to the ratio is generated the duration of the on state of the lighting of the room with livestock to the duration of the off state of the lighting of the room with livestock eat, the generated third signal of the fill factor is changed in the range of its values from zero to one, depending on the third signal, they form the fourth signal of the cost of useful productivity of the livestock at the prices of its sale, the fifth signal of the cost of energy costs for lighting the room with the livestock and the sixth profit signal of the technological process intermittent lighting of a room with a livestock in the form of the difference of the fourth and fifth signals, determine the sixth signal of the highest value in profit in the range changes in the generated third duty cycle signal, also determine the seventh duty cycle signal corresponding to this determined sixth largest signal of profit from the variation range of the generated third duty cycle signal, adjust the intermittent lighting mode of the room with livestock in accordance with the seventh duty cycle signal, which corresponds to the economically best its value to the generated third duty cycle signal As a result of this intermittent lighting control signal for the duty ratio is set continuously in time economically optimum mode of intermittent illumination areas with livestock or poultry animal.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that the device for economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in animal husbandry and poultry farming contains a time clock, a specifier of the type, line (cross) and age of animals or birds, a technologically optimal (normative) illuminator, a light sensor, a dimmer, and lighting devices in a room for animals or poultry, moreover, an adjuster for an alternating signal of the fill factor in the range of change from zero to one (for example, a sawtooth voltage generator), a block of coefficients of coefficients of mathematical models for the technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds, a computational unit, a unit for optimizing the duty cycle of light, a shaper of lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (waiting multivibrator or sci-fi), a matching circuit, while the output of the time setter through the setter of the type, line (cross) and age of animals or birds, and then through the setter of the technologically optimal (standard) illumination It is connected to the connection of the first input of the computing unit and the first input of the dimmer, and the output of the time setter through the variable frequency duty unit in the range from zero to unity (for example, a sawtooth voltage generator) is connected to the second input of the computing unit and to the first input of the lighting pulse generator with a variable fill factor (waiting multivibrator or sci-fi), also the output of the specifier of the species, line (cross) and age of animals and birds through the block for coefficients of mathematical model coefficients for technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds connected to the third input of the computing unit, the output of the light sensor is connected to the second input of the dimmer, the output of which is connected to the first input of the matching circuit, the second input and output of which are connected respectively to the output of the pulse shaper illumination with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) and with inputs of lighting devices, output of computing Lock through the optimization unit of the duty cycle of lighting is connected to the second input of the pulse shaper of lighting with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi).

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the general scheme of technology and technological equipment for growing animals or poultry under artificial lighting in livestock and poultry: 1 - heat-protective enclosing structures of the premises (buildings) for animals or birds; 2 - insulated floor (particle board) rooms for animals or birds; 3 - forced ventilation; 4 - exhaust ventilation; 5 - livestock of animals or birds; 6 - light devices (sources of electric lighting); 7 - power line (wiring); 8 - control device intermittent lighting; 9, 10 and 11 - light meters of an animal or bird in various areas of livestock in the production room.

- значение технологически оптимальной (нормативной) освещенности во время светового импульса, Вт/м²; ±ΔВ - отклонение освещенности от ее оптимального (нормативного) значения

Вт/м²;

- значения освещенности во время светового импульса, Вт/м²; р - коэффициент заполнения, отн. ед.;

- технологически оптимальное значение коэффициента заполнения p_ для получения наивысшей продуктивности птицы в третьем варианте прерывистого освещения птичника (в трех частных случаях

изменения освещенности значения коэффициента заполнения принимаются одинаковыми

отн. ед.;

- экономически оптимальное значение коэффициента заполнения для получения наивысшей прибыли от технологического процесса в наилучшем по освещенности третьем варианте прерывистого освещения птичника, отн. ед.;

- постоянная наивысшая (нормативная) продуктивность при постоянном нормативном освещении, кг/ед. времени;

- продуктивности соответственно при постоянном и при прерывистом освещении в трех показанных вариантах освещенности, кг/ед. времени;

- соответствующие наивысшие приросты продуктивности птицы при переходе с постоянного на прерывистое освещение, кг/ед. времени;

- зависимость прибыли от коэффициента заполнения для третьего технологически наилучшего варианта управления по технологическому критерию (по продуктивности), руб./ед. времени; П_ЭОУР(р) - зависимость прибыли от скважности импульсов освещения для третьего технологически наилучшего варианта управления по экономическому критерию (по прибыльности), руб./ед. времени;

- наивысший прирост прибыли при переходе с постоянного освещения на третий (по освещенности) вариант управления прерывистым освещением по критерию продуктивности

руб./ед. времени;

- наивысший прирост прибыли при переходе с постоянного освещения на третий (по освещенности) вариант управления прерывистым освещением по критерию прибыли

руб./ед. времени;

- наивысший инновационный дополнительный прирост прибыли (в третьем наилучшем варианте освещения птичника при технологически оптимальной освещенности

) при переходе от управления прерывистым освещением по критерию продуктивности к управлению прерывистым освещением по критерию прибыли, руб./ед. времени; Э_осв(р) - прямая пропорциональная зависимость эксплуатационных затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения от его коэффициента заполнения, руб./ед. времени;

- наивысшая экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения по критерию продуктивности по сравнению с постоянным освещением, руб./ед. времени;

- наивысшая экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения по критерию прибыли по сравнению с постоянным освещением, руб./ед. времени;

- инновационная дополнительная экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения при переходе от управления по критерию продуктивности к управлению по критерию прибыли, руб./ед. Времени.Figure 2 shows a graphical illustration of the technological and economic characteristics of the process of intermittent lighting of an industrial house depending on the duty cycle of the lighting pulses and on the technical parameter of illumination:

- the value of the technologically optimal (normative) illumination during the light pulse, W / m ² ; ± ΔВ - deviation of illumination from its optimal (normative) value

W / m ² ;

- values of illumination during a light pulse, W / m ² ; p - fill factor, rel. units;

- the technologically optimal value of the fill factor p_ to obtain the highest bird productivity in the third variant of intermittent illumination of the house (in three special cases

changes in illumination fill factor values are assumed to be the same

rel. units;

- the economically optimal value of the fill factor to obtain the highest profit from the technological process in the best in terms of illumination third option of intermittent illumination of the house, rel. units;

- constant highest (normative) productivity with constant normative lighting, kg / unit. time;

- productivity, respectively, with constant and intermittent lighting in the three lighting options shown, kg / unit. time;

- the corresponding highest increase in bird productivity during the transition from constant to intermittent lighting, kg / unit. time;

- the dependence of profit on the fill factor for the third technologically best management option according to the technological criterion (productivity), rubles / unit. time; P _ESD (p) - dependence of profit on duty cycle of lighting pulses for the third technologically best option for management according to the economic criterion (in terms of profitability), rubles / unit time;

- the highest gain in profit when switching from constant lighting to the third (by illumination) option for controlling intermittent lighting according to the productivity criterion

rub / unit time;

- the highest gain in profit when switching from constant lighting to the third (by illumination) option for controlling intermittent lighting according to the criterion of profit

rub / unit time;

- the highest innovative additional profit increase (in the third best option for lighting the house with technologically optimal illumination

) during the transition from intermittent lighting control according to the productivity criterion to intermittent lighting control according to the profit criterion, rub / unit time; E _osv (p) is a direct proportional dependence of the operating costs of electricity for intermittent lighting on its fill factor, rubles / unit. time;

- the highest savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting according to the productivity criterion compared to continuous lighting, rubles / unit. time;

- the highest savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting according to the criterion of profit in comparison with constant lighting, rubles / unit. time;

- innovative additional savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting during the transition from management by the criterion of productivity to management by the criterion of profit, rubles / unit. Time.

Figure 3 shows a functional diagram of a device for economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in a room for animals or birds: 12 - time clock; 13 - adjuster of the species, line (cross) and age of animals or birds; 14 - adjuster technologically optimal (normative) illumination; 15 - light sensor; 16 - dimmer; 17 - lighting fixtures in a room for animals or birds; 18 is a variable frequency fill signal adjuster in the range from zero to one (for example, a sawtooth voltage generator); 19 is a block of adjusters of the coefficients of mathematical models for technology and economics of intermittent bird lighting; 20 - computing unit; 21 is a lighting duty cycle optimization unit; 22 - a shaper of lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi); 23 is a coincidence diagram.

Figure 4 is a photograph of the traditional ceiling lighting of the house with cell batteries for laying hens.

Figure 5 shows the ceiling lighting of the house through electric lamps.

Любые отклонения освещенности от этого значения на величину ±ΔВ приведут только к падению результирующей продуктивности поголовья. Значит, при любом способе управления технологическим процессом прерывистого освещения всегда следует поддерживать точное значение нормативной освещенности животных или птицы (далее для сокращения текста указывается только птица) определенного вида, линии (кросса) и возраста (также указывается только птичник).The method is as follows. It is known that different values of the magnitude of illumination B with constant illumination lead to different results in raising animals or birds in terms of their productivity. Highest productivity complies with standard illumination with technologically optimal value

Any deviations of illumination from this value by ± ΔВ will only lead to a decrease in the resulting livestock productivity. This means that with any method of controlling the technological process of intermittent lighting, one should always maintain the exact value of the standard illumination of animals or birds (hereinafter, only the bird is indicated to reduce the text) of a certain species, line (cross-country) and age (only the house is also indicated).

In intermittent lighting, the time period of the illuminated state of the house is followed by the time interval of darkness in the birdhouse. In other words, the time period of intermittent lighting is the time of the combined action of the light pulse and the time of darkness, until the next such light pulse of a certain shape. If the light in the house simply turns on and just turns off and has a constant value of light intensity during the on state, then the shape of the light pulse is rectangular. When simulating the natural “dawn-sunset” in the house, the illumination should first gradually increase and at the end of the light pulse (“daylight”) gradually decrease, i.e. the shape of the pulse can almost look like a Gaussian curve, bell-shaped with smoothly falling edges. The known ratio of the pulse repetition period (repetition) to the duration of each of these identical pulses is called the duty cycle of the pulses (in this context, the duty cycle of light pulses). It is clear that the duty cycle range can be from a very large number with short pulses and a long period of their repetition to unity if the pulse durations are equal to the period of its repetition. These values are not always convenient for their use. Therefore, another common concept is used.

The reciprocal of the duty cycle is called the duty cycle. This value is often used in the literature in English and is written "Duty cycle" (English). It is clear that the duty cycle is the ratio of the pulse duration to the period of their succession, i.e. duty cycle and fill factor are inverse to each other and are dimensionless. However, it is worth clarifying that in English-language documentation, the fill factor is usually measured as a percentage (%).

Then the value of the fill factor p (in this context - filling the house with artificial light) under constant lighting is 1 (one), and with intermittent lighting it changes from 0 (from zero) - complete darkness, to almost unity - almost constant lighting with very short temporary intervals of darkness.

к меньшему его значению при экономически (критерий прибыли) оптимальном режиме прерывистого освещения

на величину

Происходит экономия электроэнергии на освещение, превышающая неизбежное некоторое снижение продуктивности поголовья. В результате такого управления появляется дополнительная (инновационная) экономическая эффективность

управления по экономическому критерию технологическим процессом прерывистого освещения птичника по отношению к обычному автоматическому поддержанию даже наиболее удачного режима с его экономической эффективностью

по отношению к режиму постоянного освещения с оптимальной (нормативной) освещенностью

With comparable values of changes in lighting costs and an increase in the price of sold products (more precisely, the cost of manufactured products at selling prices), economic optimization of intermittent lighting may be economically feasible. This option occurs when energy-consuming luminaires are common at present with the use of electric incandescent lamps and many other light devices suitable for the agricultural producer on the basis of their high reliability in a particular technological process. There is a significant balance between these changes. The implementation of this balance by economically optimal control according to the fill factor p (corresponding actually to the ratio of light and dark times adopted in poultry farming) results in a shift in the value of this coefficient from its value under the technologically optimal (criterion of livestock productivity) intermittent lighting

to its smaller value at economically (criterion of profit) optimal intermittent lighting

by the amount

Electricity is saved on lighting, exceeding the inevitable slight decrease in livestock productivity. As a result of such management, additional (innovative) economic efficiency appears

control according to the economic criterion of the technological process of intermittent illumination of the house in relation to the usual automatic maintenance of even the most successful mode with its economic efficiency

in relation to the constant lighting mode with optimal (standard) illumination

технологических

и экономических

характеристик процесса прерывистого освещения промышленного птичника. Показаны три варианта нарастающей от малого значения до технологически оптимального значения величины освещенности птичника (нижние индексы 1, 2, 3 в обозначения указанных величин). В третьем режимном варианте экономически оптимального управления прерывистым освещением по величине коэффициента заполнения р также используется значение технологически оптимальной (технологически наилучшей) освещенности

во время светового импульса.Figure 2 shows the nature of the mutual dependence on the fill factor p technical

technological

and economic

process characteristics of intermittent lighting in an industrial house. Three options are shown increasing from a small value to a technologically optimal value of the illumination of the house (lower indices 1, 2, 3 in the designation of the indicated values). In the third mode variant of the economically optimal control of intermittent lighting by the value of the fill factor p, the value of the technologically optimal (technologically best) illumination is also used

during a light pulse.

In the process of long-term and numerous technological tests by poultry farmers, the regulatory requirements for constant illumination of birds of various species and ages were established, they are currently being felt and even in some special cases even the quantitative relationship between the fill factor of intermittent lighting and bird productivity.

To control the intermittent lighting of a house according to the economic criterion, proceed as follows [see also: Dubrovin A.V. Fundamentals of automated control of technological processes in poultry farming by economic criterion. - M .: GNU VIESH, 2013. - 292 p.].

First, you need to have a mathematical model of bird productivity depending on the amount of illumination in intermittent lighting with a varying fill factor. In a first approximation, the appearance of such a mathematical and corresponding graphic model is a parabola.

Secondly, it is required to impose restrictions on changes in controlled parameters.

Thirdly, it is necessary to carry out mathematical simulation and build accurate quantitative relationships in the form presented on figure 2 graphs of functions.

In the process of solving the optimization problem, the economically optimal lighting conditions and the corresponding necessary switching in the lighting fixtures of the house are determined. Measurements of illumination and fill factor can improve control accuracy and build an updated functional diagram of the intermittent lighting control device according to the economic criterion (figure 2).

The basis for constructing a mathematical model of economically optimal control of intermittent lighting is again V.A. Grabaurova [Grabaurov V.A., Savchenko E.I. Study of a mathematical model of a biological object of a biotechnological system. - Rostov-on-Don: RISM, 1986. - 5 p. Dep. in VNIITEISCH. No. 59-BC-87].

Here is a brief description of it. The climatic mathematical model of a biological object is the dependence of bird productivity (daily increase in broiler mass on their age and microclimate factors, in grams of mass) P _br on bird age t (in days) and the main microclimate parameters - air temperature T (in degrees on a scale Celsius), relative air humidity B ₁ (in percent) and gas contamination K _A (mass concentration of ammonia in air, mg / m ³ ):

where a ₀ , a ₁ , ..., and ₁₄ are the coefficients of the regression equation, or constants for the microclimate control process in an industrial house: a ₀ = -715.1; a ₁ = 6.354; a ₂ = 27.076; a ₃ = 9.594; a ₄ = -0.870; a ₅ = -0.025; a ₆ = -0.343; a ₇ = -0.050; a ₈ = -0.009; a ₉ = -0.104; a ₁₀ = -0.024; a ₁₁ = 0.003; a ₁₂ = -0.102; a ₁₃ = 0.012; and ₁₄ = 0.008.

Graphically, this is a series of optimal almost parabolic curves, increasingly “high” and “wide” and shifting to the left along the abscissa of temperature with the age of the broiler, depending on the temperature of the habitat. This is understandable since as a bird ages, its thermal protection improves, and it reacts weaker to deviations of the ambient temperature from a value that is comfortable for an organism of a given age. With the growth of the bird, its daily gain also grows.

Similarly, the mathematical model of the influence of intermittent lighting on the productivity of a bird reflects the growth and development of the bird with all other factors being equal (2):

where a ₀ , a ₁ , ..., and ₁₄ are the coefficients of the regression equation or constants, the values of which differ from the values given in (1) and are determined in specially organized new experiments by poultry farmers and engineers to determine the effect of intermittent lighting on livestock productivity in the house.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of a device for implementing the method. The device for economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in animal husbandry and poultry farming includes a time dial 12, a dial for the type, line (cross) and age of animals or birds 13, a dial for the technologically optimal (normative) light 14, a light sensor 15, a light regulator 16, and indoor lighting fixtures for animals or poultry 17, moreover, an adjuster of the variable duty cycle signal in the range of change from zero to unity (for example, a sawtooth generator Phenomenon) 18, block of adjusters of coefficients of mathematical models for technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds 19, computational unit 20, block for optimizing the duty cycle of lighting 21, shaper of lighting pulses with a variable fill factor (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) 22, matching 23 the output of the time master 12 through the master species, line (cross) and the age of the animals or birds 13 and then through the master technologically optimal (standard) illumination 14 is connected to the connection the first input of the computing unit 20 and the first input of the dimmer 16, as well as the output of the time adjuster 12 through the variable frequency fill signal adjuster in the range from zero to unity (for example, a sawtooth voltage generator) 18 is connected to the second input of the computing unit 20 and to the first input of the driver lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) 22, also the output of the species, line (cross) and age of the animals or birds 13 through the set of sensors coefficients of mathematical models for technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds 19 is connected to the third input of the computing unit 20, the output of the light sensor 15 is connected to the second input of the dimmer 16, the output of which is connected to the first input of the matching circuit 23, the second input and output of which are connected respectively with the output of the shaper of lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) 22 and with the inputs of lighting devices in the animal room or birds 17, the output of the computing unit 20 through the lighting duty cycle optimization unit 21 is connected to the second input of the lighting pulse shaper with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) 22.

The device operates as follows. In the proposed technical solution, the air temperature parameter is considered normative (best under all conditions) and does not affect changes in productivity with changes in the age of animals or birds, illumination and fill factor of lighting. All terms of the equation containing the air temperature T (in degrees Celsius) are changed only due to changes in the required value of the standard air temperature T _norms due to changes in the age of the population t. These connections are reflected in the connections of the device for economically optimal control of the process of intermittent lighting: a specifier of the type, line (cross-country) and age of animals or birds 13 determines the operation of the unit for adjusting the coefficients of mathematical models for the technology and economy of intermittent lighting of bird 19. This block 19 forms T = T _norms as not a variable, but the values of the usual coefficient for subsequent mathematical modeling according to (2) in the computing unit 20.

Задатчик переменного сигнала коэффициента заполнения 18 выдает сигнал переменного значения коэффициента заполнения р, этот сигнал сравнивается в формирователе импульсов освещения с переменным коэффициентом заполнения 22 (по существу, в функциональном аналоге обычной схемы сравнения, точнее, компаратора) с сигналом вычисленного в вычислительном блоке 20 экономически оптимального значения коэффициента заполнения

Полученный в момент времени равенства указанных входных сигналов, выходной сигнал формирователя 22 разрешает прохождение через схему совпадения 23 отрегулированного в регуляторе освещенности 16 сигнала нормативной освещенности в осветительные приборы в помещении для животных или птицы 17.The lighting duty cycle optimization unit 21 sets at its output the found optimal value of the fill factor calculated by formula (2)

The variable fill factor signal generator 18 provides a variable fill factor signal p, this signal is compared in a pulse shaper with a variable fill factor 22 (essentially a functional analog of a conventional comparison circuit, more precisely, a comparator) with a signal calculated in the computing unit 20 which is economically optimal fill factor

Received at the time point of equality of the specified input signals, the output signal of the shaper 22 allows passage through the matching circuit 23 of the regulatory illumination signal adjusted in the dimmer 16 to the lighting devices in the room for animals or birds 17.

Now the device operates in the standard (during the light pulse) intermittent lighting of the entire house, or a certain production technological zone in the house, with an economically optimal fill factor according to the profit criterion from the operation of intermittent lighting. The highest profitability of the technological process of intermittent illumination of livestock or birds is achieved.

Figures 4 and 5 show illustrations of a variant of the ceiling lighting of a house with cell batteries for keeping laying hens with lights using electric incandescent lamps. The method and device allow automatically controlling, according to the economic criterion, the profit from the intermittent lighting process by the ratio of the lighting time of the room and the off time of the luminaires shown in Figs. 4 and 5. As a result of such control, the economically optimal specified ratio is established, which, by the method and device corresponds to the economically optimal value of the well-known duty cycle.

The intermittent lighting technology becomes economically best for a livestock of any kind, breed (cross, line, etc.) and age, since these livestock parameters are automatically taken into account. The economically best operating mode of lighting fixtures is set automatically, regardless of their type, since their power consumption is taken into account in the economically best mode and, accordingly, the cost of energy consumed for intermittent lighting.

The best ratio is provided for intermittent lighting technology in a given production room and for the enterprise as a whole, the ratio between the output of livestock and poultry farming and the energy expended for lighting livestock in the room (for example, broilers in an industrial house).

Figure 1. The general scheme of technology and technological equipment for growing animals or poultry under artificial lighting in livestock and poultry farming: 1 - heat-protecting enclosing structures of a room (building) for animals or poultry; 2 - insulated floor (particle board) rooms for animals or birds; 3 - forced ventilation; 4 - exhaust ventilation; 5 - livestock of animals or birds; 6 - light devices (sources of electric lighting) in a room for animals or birds; 7 - power line (wiring); 8 - control device intermittent lighting; 9, 10 and 11 - light meters of an animal or bird in various areas of livestock in the production room.

- значение технологически оптимальной (нормативной) освещенности во время светового импульса, Вт/м²; ±ΔВ - отклонение освещенности от ее оптимального (нормативного) значения $${В}_{технол}^{опт}$$

, Вт/м²;

- значения освещенности во время светового импульса, Вт/м²; р - коэффициент заполнения, отн. ед.;

- технологически оптимальное значение коэффициента заполнения p для получения наивысшей продуктивности птицы в третьем варианте прерывистого освещения птичника (в трех частных случаях

изменения освещенности значения коэффициента заполнения принимаются одинаковыми

), отн. ед.; $$p_{\begin{array}{cc}экон& 3\end{array}}^{опт}$$

- экономически оптимальное значение коэффициента заполнения для получения наивысшей прибыли от технологического процесса в наилучшем по освещенности третьем варианте прерывистого освещения птичника, отн. ед.;

- постоянная наивысшая (нормативная) продуктивность при постоянном нормативном освещении, кг/ед. времени;

- продуктивности соответственно при постоянном и при прерывистом освещении в трех показанных вариантах освещенности, кг/ед. времени;

- соответствующие наивысшие приросты продуктивности птицы при переходе с постоянного на прерывистое освещение, кг/ед. времени;

- зависимость прибыли от коэффициента заполнения для третьего технологически наилучшего варианта управления по технологическому критерию (по продуктивности), руб./ед. времени; П_ЭОУЗ(р) - зависимость прибыли от скважности импульсов освещения для третьего технологически наилучшего варианта управления по экономическому критерию (по прибыльности), руб./ед. времени;

- наивысший прирост прибыли при переходе с постоянного освещения на третий (по освещенности) вариант управления прерывистым освещением по критерию продуктивности

руб./ед. времени;

- наивысший прирост прибыли при переходе с постоянного освещения на третий (по освещенности) вариант управления прерывистым освещением по критерию прибыли

руб./ед. времени;

наивысший инновационный дополнительный прирост прибыли (в третьем наилучшем варианте освещения птичника при технологически оптимальной освещенности

) при переходе от управления прерывистым освещением по критерию продуктивности к управлению прерывистым освещением по критерию прибыли, руб./ед. времени; Э_осв(р) - прямая пропорциональная зависимость эксплуатационных затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения от его коэффициента заполнения, руб./ед. времени;

- наивысшая экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения по критерию продуктивности по сравнению с постоянным освещением, руб./ед. времени;

- наивысшая экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения по критерию прибыли по сравнению с постоянным освещением, руб./ед. времени;

- инновационная дополнительная экономия затрат на электроэнергию для прерывистого освещения при переходе от управления по критерию продуктивности к управлению по критерию прибыли, руб./ед. Времени.Figure 2. Graphic illustration of the technological and economic characteristics of the intermittent lighting of an industrial house depending on the duty cycle of the lighting pulses and on the technical parameter of the illumination:

- the value of the technologically optimal (normative) illumination during the light pulse, W / m ² ; ± ΔВ - deviation of illumination from its optimal (normative) value $${\mathrm{AT}}_{texn\mathrm{about}l}^{\mathrm{about}Pt}$$

, W / m ² ;

- values of illumination during a light pulse, W / m ² ; p - fill factor, rel. units;

- the technologically optimal value of the fill factor p to obtain the highest bird productivity in the third variant of intermittent lighting of the house (in three special cases

changes in illumination fill factor values are assumed to be the same

), rel. units; $$p_{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="n"\; filenames="00000087.png,00000088.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}& 3\end{array}}^{\mathrm{about}Pt}$$

- the economically optimal value of the fill factor to obtain the highest profit from the technological process in the best in terms of illumination third option of intermittent illumination of the house, rel. units;

- constant highest (normative) productivity with constant normative lighting, kg / unit. time;

- productivity, respectively, with constant and intermittent lighting in the three lighting options shown, kg / unit. time;

- the corresponding highest increase in bird productivity during the transition from constant to intermittent lighting, kg / unit. time;

- the dependence of profit on the fill factor for the third technologically best management option according to the technological criterion (productivity), rubles / unit. time; P _EEUZ (p) - dependence of profit on duty cycle of lighting pulses for the third technologically best option for management according to the economic criterion (in terms of profitability), rubles / unit time;

- the highest gain in profit when switching from constant lighting to the third (by illumination) option for controlling intermittent lighting according to the productivity criterion

rub / unit time;

- the highest gain in profit when switching from constant lighting to the third (by illumination) option for controlling intermittent lighting according to the criterion of profit

rub / unit time;

the highest innovative additional profit increase (in the third best option for lighting the house with technologically optimal illumination

) during the transition from intermittent lighting control according to the productivity criterion to intermittent lighting control according to the profit criterion, rub / unit time; E _osv (p) is a direct proportional dependence of the operating costs of electricity for intermittent lighting on its fill factor, rubles / unit. time;

- the highest savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting according to the productivity criterion compared to continuous lighting, rubles / unit. time;

- the highest savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting according to the criterion of profit in comparison with constant lighting, rubles / unit. time;

- innovative additional savings in energy costs for intermittent lighting during the transition from management by the criterion of productivity to management by the criterion of profit, rubles / unit. Time.

Figure 3. Functional diagram of a device for economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in a room for animals or birds: 12 - time clock; 13 - adjuster of the species, line (cross) and age of animals or birds; 14 - adjuster technologically optimal (normative) illumination; 15 - light sensor; 16 - dimmer; 17 - lighting fixtures in a room for animals or birds; 18 is a variable frequency fill signal adjuster in the range from zero to one (for example, a sawtooth voltage generator); 19 is a block of adjusters of the coefficients of mathematical models for technology and economics of intermittent bird lighting; 20 - computing unit; 21 is a lighting duty cycle optimization unit; 22 - a shaper of lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (standby multivibrator or sci-fi); 23 is a coincidence diagram.

Figure 4. Illustration of a traditional birdhouse ceiling light with cell batteries for laying hens with conventional electric lamps.

Figure 5. An additional illustration of the ceiling lighting of a poultry house for eggs by conventional electric lamps.

Claims (1)

A device for economically optimal control of intermittent lighting in animal husbandry and poultry farming, comprising a time clock, a specifier of a species, cross-line and age of animals or birds, a technologically optimal normative illuminator, an ambient light sensor, a dimmer, lighting devices in a room for animals or birds, characterized in that it additionally introduces a variable duty ratio adjuster in the range from zero to unity, for example, a sawtooth generator voltages, unit for setting coefficients of mathematical models for technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds, computing unit, unit for optimizing the duty cycle of lighting, driver of lighting pulses with a variable duty cycle (waiting multivibrator or sci-fi), matching circuit, while the output of the time setting through the type setting , lines of cross-country and the age of animals or birds and then, through the dial of the technologically optimal standard illumination, is connected to the connection of the first entrance to the calculating unit and the first input of the dimmer, as well as the output of the time adjuster through the variable frequency duty signal adjuster in the range from zero to unity, for example, a sawtooth voltage generator is connected to the second input of the computing unit and to the first input of the lighting pulse shaper with a variable duty ratio (standby multivibrator or sci-firon), also the output of the setter of the species, the cross-line and the age of animals or birds through the block of setters of coefficients mathematically x models for technology and economics of intermittent illumination of animals or birds are connected to the third input of the computing unit, the output of the light sensor is connected to the second input of the dimmer, the output of which is connected to the first input of the matching circuit, the second input and output of which are connected respectively to the output of the pulse shaper with variable fill factor (standby multivibrator or sci-fi) and with inputs of lighting devices in the room for animals or birds, the output of the computing unit and by optimizing the duty ratio of lighting unit is connected to the second input of the pulse illumination with a variable duty cycle (or monostable multivibrator phantastron).

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