RU2572360C2 - Method and device for electrical energy transmission (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: in suggested method and device electric energy transmission is carried out from resonant circuit of low-voltage winding in step-up high-frequency resonant transformer set to frequency of high-frequency generator to resonant circuit of low-voltage winding in step-down high-frequency resonant transformer through a single-wire line notwithstanding from the ground by placement of low-voltage windings of step-up and step-down high-frequency resonant transformers in the middle of high-voltage high-frequency resonant windings and current conversion in the single-wire line to active current in load. According to the other version of the suggested method and device electric energy transmission is carried out through two push-pull single-wire lines isolated from the ground by conversion of current in the single-wire lines isolated from the ground to alternating current of commercial frequency. The method and device for electric energy transmission is also implemented by generation of high-frequency resonance oscillation in the circuit with natural capacity of conducting spheres coupled to outermost outputs of single-layer windings in resonant transformers through a singe-wire line notwithstanding the ground. Another method and device for electric energy transfer is implemented by generation of high-frequency resonance oscillation, at that in the circuit electric oscillations are generated in the transmitting resonant transformer with electrocoduncting spheres used as electric capacitances coupled to its outputs, through two push-pull single-wire lines isolated from the ground, current is converted in the single-wire lines isolated from the ground to alternating current of commercial frequency.

EFFECT: reduced electric losses.

8 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to devices and methods for transmitting electrical energy using resonant technologies between stationary objects, as well as between stationary power devices and mobile units that accept electricity.

A known method and device for converting and transmitting electric energy through a single-wire line over long distances, developed by N. Tesla in 1897 (H. Tesla. US patent No. 593138). Electric transformer. Declared March 20, 1897; Released November 2, 1897; N. Tesla. US patent No. 645576. Electric power transmission system. Announced on 09.1897; Released on 03.20.1900).

According to N. Tesla’s inventions, the system consists of two transmitting and receiving resonant transformers with resonant boost windings, which are single-layer spiral quarter-wave segments of long lines on cylindrical frames, and a wire connecting the high-potential leads of the resonant boost windings. The low-potential leads of the resonant quarter-wave windings of both transformers are grounded directly near the structures of the transformers. The low-voltage winding of the transmitting transformer is connected to the output of a high-frequency generator, which is a converter of the energy of an electric power source into alternating current electric energy with a frequency equal to the resonant frequency of a resonant single-wire electric energy transmission system. The low voltage winding of the receiving transformer is connected to a load consuming energy.

на каждой из обмоток, где λ - длина стоячей волны на спиральной резонансной обмотке; l - длина спиральной обмотки. Вдоль всей системы передачи устанавливается половина длины стоячей волны

, где L - расстояние между резонансными трансформаторами.In the circuits of low-voltage windings of resonant transformers, electric capacitors are installed, which form resonant circuits together with low-voltage windings. Depending on the internal resistance of the output circuits of the alternating current generator of increased frequency and the internal resistance of the input load circuits, the type of connection of the capacitors with respect to the low-voltage windings of the resonant transformers is selected: series or parallel. As a result of connecting one of the terminals of single-layer high-voltage spiral windings to the ground, and the other conclusions of these windings with a wire connecting the high-voltage terminals of spiral windings, conditions are created for the occurrence of standing waves of electromagnetic waves along high-voltage windings with a size of about one quarter wavelength

on each of the windings, where λ is the standing wavelength on the spiral resonant winding; l is the length of the spiral winding. Half of the standing wavelength is set along the entire transmission system.

where L is the distance between the resonant transformers.

;

; здесь ν - скорость распространения электромагнитного возбуждения вдоль высоковольтных резонансных обмоток l; с - скорость света, так как ν<<с, то t₁+t₂+t₃≅2t₁. В связи с этим период свободного резонансного колебания электромагнитной энергии вдоль системы передачи составит: Т=4t₁.The wavelength of the resonant electromagnetic oscillations inside the electric energy transmission system corresponds to the physical requirement of equal half the T / 2 period of the resonance oscillation of the electromagnetic excitation time in the energy transfer system from the ground at the low-potential terminal of the high-voltage winding of the transmitting transformer along the high-voltage winding, along the wire connecting the high-voltage terminals of the resonant transformers , and further along the high-voltage resonant winding of the receiving transformer from high voltage input to ground: T / 2 = t ₁ + t ₂ + t ₃ . Here: T is the period of resonant oscillations in the system, t ₁ = t ₃ is the transit time of electromagnetic excitation along the high-voltage resonant windings l, t ₂ is the transit time of electromagnetic excitation along the wire connecting the high-voltage terminals of the resonant transformers. Travel time is determined by the following relationships:

;

; here ν is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic excitation along high-voltage resonant windings l; c is the speed of light, since ν << s, then t ₁ + t ₂ + t ₃ ≅ 2t ₁ . In this regard, the period of free resonant oscillation of electromagnetic energy along the transmission system will be: T = 4t ₁ .

Substituting in the expression for the period T the value of t ₁ you can get:

.

.

The propagation velocity of electromagnetic excitation along a single-layer spiral high-voltage winding is determined by the electrophysical and structural characteristics of the winding

.

.

Here: L ₀ - linear distributed inductance of the spiral winding; With ₀ - linear distributed capacity of the spiral winding.

. Частота, соответственно, равнаThus, the period of natural resonance oscillations in the high-voltage circuit of the electric energy transmission system will be equal to

. The frequency, respectively, is

.

.

When the condition f ₁ = f ₀ = f ₂ = f _g is fulfilled, the resonant state is excited in the system - all resonant frequencies f ₁ , f ₂ , f ₀ are equal to each other and equal to the current frequency of the supply generator of increased frequency f _g. Here: f ₁ - the resonant frequency of the circuit formed by the capacitor C ₁ at the output of the high-frequency generator and the inductance L _{1 of the} low-voltage winding of the supply resonant transformer

;

;

f ₂ is the resonant frequency of the circuit formed by the capacitance of the capacitor C ₂ at the input of the circuit supplying the load and the inductance L _{2 of the} low voltage winding of the receiving resonant transformer

,

,

f ₀ is the resonant frequency of free oscillations of electromagnetic energy in the high-voltage circuit formed by the high-voltage windings of the resonant transformers and the wire connecting the high-voltage terminals of the resonant transformers

.

.

The energy entering the transmission system from the source passes along the system to the load, and in the case of incomplete absorption or absence of absorption in the load, the energy is reflected from the load back into the transmission system. At the same time, along the part of the transmission system, including the resonant spiral windings of the transmitting and receiving transformers, as well as the wire connecting the high-potential leads of the spiral windings, two opposing traveling voltage and current waves arise. The reflection of the voltage wave occurs without phase displacement, the current wave rotates 180 ° during reflection. The interference addition of two oncoming traveling waves leads to the appearance of “humps” (antinodes) and “troughs” (nodes) at the amplitudes of the total waves.

With a wavelength equal to an integer number of half-waves, the total wave appears in the form of a stationary picture with varying amplitudes of the voltage and current oscillations along the line. The minimum number of half-waves is equal to one. At the same time, the “humps” of the current and the “troughs” of the potential develop at the low-potential grounded terminals of the spiral windings of the resonant transformers, and the “humps” of the potential and the “troughs” of the current form on the high-voltage terminals of the resonant transformers and on the conductor connecting the high-voltage terminals.

Thus, the wire connecting the transmitting and receiving transformers and representing a transmission line of electrical energy, turns out to be current-loaded with a minimum amplitude value. The result of this effect is a sharp decrease in current losses in the line during energy transfer. Current bundles are located at the grounded terminals of the resonant windings, and therefore low-potential windings are located in these areas of the resonant high-voltage windings, connecting the resonant high-voltage windings with a source of electrical energy and with a load.

The disadvantage of this method of a device for transmitting electrical energy is the large energy loss in the grounding conductors of low-potential leads of the resonant spiral windings of the resonant transformers. In order to reduce losses in grounding conductors, it is necessary to perform them in the form of structures with a large surface, as well as take appropriate measures to ensure the necessary electrical conductivity of the soil around the ground electrode system. In addition, the closure of bias currents from the line conductor to ground leads to losses in the ground under the conductor connecting the high-voltage terminals of the resonant transformers. It also reduces the transmission efficiency of electrical energy.

Closest to the claimed is a known method and device for transmitting electrical energy using resonant technology for transmitting electrical energy by creating resonant oscillations of high frequency in a circuit consisting of a high frequency generator and two up and down high-frequency multilayer transformers, increasing the internal output potential of a high voltage windings of a step-up transformer, transmission of high-voltage potential and electric energy through a single-wire line step-down transformer, the high voltage output reduction potential step-down transformer, the load transfer active energy. In this case, an integer number of half-waves (the minimum number is one half-wave) is placed between the grounded low-voltage terminals of the resonant high-voltage windings. (RF patent №2255406 dated 02.21.2003.)

A disadvantage of the known method and device is the large loss of electrical energy in the ground electrodes of the external terminals of the resonant windings of the resonant transformers, as well as electrical losses in the ground under a single-wire line.

In another embodiment of the known method and device, the external terminals of the resonant, multilayer, high-voltage windings of the resonant transformers are not earthed, but left unconnected, insulating the ends of the wires from breakdown to adjacent windings of the resonant winding and to low-voltage windings. (RF patent №2255406 dated 02.21.2003).

A disadvantage of the known method and device for transmitting electric energy by the resonant method through a single wire using resonant transformers with multilayer high-voltage resonant windings, the internal terminal of which is connected to a single-wire line, and the external terminal remains unconnected, is the difficulty of heat removal from the internal turns of the high-voltage resonant winding. The problem of heat removal from the internal turns of a multilayer high-voltage resonant winding arises due to the fact that upon excitation of the resonant state in the case of non-connection of the external output to the ground electrode, an antinode potential develops on the external output, as well as on the internal output connected to a single-wire line. Moreover, between the antinodes of the potential, i.e. inside a multilayer winding, a current antinode develops, which is accompanied by an increase in heat loss inside the coil, from where heat removal is difficult. In addition, the possibility of placing a low-voltage winding near the current antinode is excluded, and the need arises to carefully isolate the external input of the high-voltage winding from the low-potential winding connected to the output of the high-frequency current generator at the input of the transmission system, or to the load input on the receiving side of the system.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of resonant technology for the transmission of electrical energy, the exclusion of electrical losses in grounding, simplifying the design of resonant coils.

As a result of using the present invention, it becomes possible to increase the transmitted power, reduce the wire cross-section, the current in the line and the consumption of non-ferrous metals on the wires, and reduce energy losses during transmission.

The above technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of transmitting electrical energy, resonant vibrations of electromagnetic energy with a wavelength of λ = L _AB / n, where n is an integer, L _AB is the length of the electrical circuit between the free terminals A and B of high-voltage made in the form of single-layer spirals windings of high-frequency resonant transformers, transmit from the high-frequency generator tuned to the frequency of the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonant the circuit of the low-voltage winding of a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer on a single-wire line, regardless of earth, by placing the low-voltage windings of a step-up and step-down high-voltage resonant transformers in the middle of the high-voltage high-frequency resonant windings and converting the current in a single-wire line into active current in the load.

, где n - целое число, L_AB - длина электрической цепи между серединами высоковольтных выполненных в виде однослойных спиралей обмоток высокочастотных резонансных трансформаторов, передают от настроенного на частоту высокочастотного генератора резонансного контура низковольтной обмотки повышающего высокочастотного резонансного трансформатора к резонансному контуру низковольтной обмотки понижающего высокочастотного резонансного трансформатора по двум противофазным однопроводным изолированным от земли линиям, преобразуют ток в изолированных от земли противофазных однопроводных линиях в переменный ток промышленной частоты, при этом низковольтные обмотки повышающего и понижающего высокочастотных резонансных трансформаторов размещают посредине высоковольтных выполненных в виде однослойных спиралей обмоток.In another method for transmitting electrical energy, resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a wavelength

where n is an integer, L _AB is the length of the electric circuit between the middle of the high-voltage windings of high-frequency resonant transformers made in the form of single-layer spirals, transfer from the high-frequency generator of the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonance circuit of the low-voltage winding of the lowering high-frequency resonant transformer on two antiphase single-wire lines isolated from the earth, convert the current into from th e land antiphase single-wire lines to AC power frequency, while the low-voltage winding of the step-up and step-down high frequency transformer resonant placed in the middle of high configured as single-layer winding coils.

, где L - индуктивность однослойных обмоток резонансных трансформаторов, L=L₀l, здесь L₀ - погонная индуктивность однослойных обмоток, l - длина однослойных обмоток резонансных трансформаторов, С - емкость резонансной системы. С=C₀l+2C_c, здесь С₀ - погонная естественная емкость однослойных обмоток резонансных трансформаторов, l - длина однослойных обмоток резонансных трансформаторов, С_с - естественная емкость проводящих сфер, подключенных к крайним выводам однослойных обмоток резонансных трансформаторов, возбуждают колебания электрической энергии в передающем резонансном трансформаторе, высоковольтная резонансная обмотка которого выполнена в виде однослойной спиральной обмотки с присоединенными к ее выводам электропроводящими сферами, выполняющими роль электрических емкостей, обладающих естественной емкостью С_с=ε₀r, где ε₀ - абсолютная диэлектрическая проницаемость вакуума, r - радиус сфер сферических электрических конденсаторов, передают энергию от настроенного на частоту высокочастотного генератора, резонансного контура низковольтной обмотки повышающего высокочастотного резонансного трансформатора к резонансному контуру низковольтной обмотки понижающего высокочастотного резонансного трансформатора по однопроводной линии независимо от земли путем размещения низковольтных обмоток повышающего и понижающего высокочастотных резонансных трансформаторов посередине высоковольтных резонансных обмоток и преобразования тока в однопроводной линии в активный ток нагрузки.In the third method for transmitting electrical energy, resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a frequency

where L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance of single-layer windings, l is the length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, and C is the capacitance of the resonant system. C = C ₀ l + 2C _c , here C ₀ is the linear natural capacitance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, l is the length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C _c is the natural capacity of conductive spheres connected to the extreme terminals of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, they excite fluctuations in electrical energy in a transmitting resonant transformer, the high-voltage resonant winding of which is made in the form of a single-layer spiral winding with electrically conductive spheres connected to its terminals, playing the role of The electrical receptacles having natural capacitance _C = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ - absolute dielectric constant of vacuum, r - the radius of the spheres of the spherical electrical capacitors, transmitted energy from tuned to the high frequency generator, the resonant circuit of low voltage winding enhancing high frequency resonant transformer to the resonant circuit low-voltage winding of a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer through a single-wire line regardless of the ground by placing low-voltage transformers winding of raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers in the middle of high-voltage resonant windings and converting current in a single-wire line into an active load current.

In another method for transmitting electrical energy, resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a frequency

,

,

where L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ l, where L ₀ is the linear inductance of single-layer windings, l is the length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonance system, C = C ₀ l + 2C _c , here C ₀ - linear, natural capacity of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, l - length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, excite oscillations of electric energy in a transmitting resonant transformer, the high-voltage resonant winding of which is made in the form of a single-layer spir of the winding with electrically conductive spheres attached to its terminals, acting as electric capacitors with a natural capacitance C _c = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ is the absolute dielectric constant of vacuum, r is the radius of the spheres of spherical electric capacitors, transmitted from the resonant resonator tuned to the frequency the circuit of the low-voltage winding of a step-up high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer rmatora two antiphase single-wire insulated from ground lines is converted from current to isolated ground lines in antiphase single-wire alternating current of industrial frequency, wherein the low voltage winding of the step-up and step-down high frequency transformer resonant placed in the middle of high voltage resonant winding embodied in the form of single-layer coils.

In the device for transmitting electrical energy, the low-voltage winding of the step-up high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms a resonant resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator, the low-voltage winding of the step-down high-frequency resonant transformer forms a receiving resonant circuit with its own capacitor, the parameters of these resonant circuits are related by the relation L ₁ C ₁ = L ₂ C ₂ , where L ₁ and C _1, L ₂ and C ₂ - inductance and capacitance resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are placed in the middle of the high-voltage windings using a single-wire line, and one of the high-voltage outputs, the increasing resonant transformer, is connected to one of the high-voltage resonant leads, independently of the ground, , other high-voltage terminals A and B of high-voltage windings of high-frequency resonant boosts ayuschego and down transformers remain free, electrical path length L _AB between the free terminals A and B high-voltage windings of the step-up and step-down the resonant high-frequency transformers is L _AB = λn, where n - an integer, λ - wavelength of the natural resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy, wherein resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits of the raising and lowering resonant transformers, as well as the natural resonant frequencies of the high-voltage high-frequency single-layer spiral windings are equal to each other and equal to the frequency of the alternating current of a high-frequency current source.

In another device for transmitting electric energy, the low-voltage winding of the step-up high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms a transmitting resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator, the low-voltage winding of the step-down high-frequency resonant transformer forms a receiving resonant circuit with its own capacitor, the parameters of these resonant circuits are related by the relation L ₁ C ₁ = L ₂ C ₂ , where L ₁ and C ₁ , L ₂ and C ₂ are the inductances and capacitances indicated resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are placed in the middle of the high-voltage windings, using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, the high-voltage antiphase leads of the resonant high-voltage spiral resonating windings and the lower-voltage resonant lower-voltage resonant connecting windings between each other, regardless of the earth, the length of the electrical circuit L _AB between the middle high-voltage the total windings of high-frequency resonant transformers made in the form of single-layer spirals is L _AB = λ / _n , where n is an integer, λ is the wavelength of natural resonant vibrations, while the resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits of the raising and lowering resonant transformers, as well as the natural resonant frequencies of high-voltage high-frequency single-layer spiral windings are equal to each other and equal to the frequency of the alternating current of a high-frequency current source.

In the third device for transmitting electric energy, the low-voltage winding of the step-up high-voltage resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms a transmitting resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator, the low-voltage winding of the step-down high-frequency resonant transformer with its own circuit capacitor forms a receiving resonant circuit also tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator , the parameters of these resonant circuits are related by the relation L ₁ C ₁ = L ₂ C ₂ , where L ₁ and C _1, L ₂ and C ₂ are the inductances and capacitances of these resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are located in the middle of the high-voltage windings , using a single-wire line with one of the high-voltage terminals, the boost resonance transformer, regardless of the ground, is connected to one of the high-voltage terminals of the step-down resonant transformer, other high-voltage terminals A and B are high -voltage windings of the high-frequency resonant step-up and step-down transformers remain free, with the free terminals are electrically coupled installed in the vicinity of metal conductive sphere with a radius r, its own resonance frequencies f, formed capacitances spheres _C, distributed along the helical high-voltage coil length l, own capacitance C ₀ and inductance L ₀ are equal

where L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance distributed along the spiral winding, l is the length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonant system of resonant transformers, where C = C ₀ l + 2C _c , here C ₀ is the linear natural capacitance of a single-layer winding of a resonant transformer, l is the length of a single-layer winding of a resonant transformer; C _with - the natural capacity of the conductive spheres. In this case, the resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits of the raising and lowering resonant transformers, as well as the natural resonant frequencies of the high-voltage high-frequency single-layer spiral windings with spherical capacitors at the terminals, are equal to each other and equal to the frequency of the high-frequency alternator.

In yet another device for transmitting electrical energy, the low-voltage winding of the step-up high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms a transmitting resonant circuit tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator, the low-voltage winding of the step-down resonant transformer with its own circuit capacitor forms a receiving resonant circuit, the parameters of these resonant circuits are related by the relation L ₁ C ₁ = L ₂ C ₂ , where L ₁ and C ₁ , L ₂ and C ₂ are the inductances and capacitances of these resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are located in the middle of the high-voltage windings, using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, the high-voltage antiphase leads of the resonant high-voltage spiral windings of the increasing and resonant connecting transformers between the raising and resonating irrespective of the earth, the high-voltage terminals of the spiral resonant windings are connected ktroprovodyaschie sphere with radius r, the resonance frequency of the electromagnetic energy of high frequency spiral winding together with the spheres is

,

,

where: L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance of single-layer windings, l are the lengths of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonance system, C = C ₀ l + 2C _c , here C ₀ - capacitance per unit length of single-layer windings natural resonant transformers, l - length of single-layer windings resonant transformers, _C - a natural capacitance of conductive areas connected to the high voltage bushing resonant transformers, _{C c} = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ - absolute dielectric n onitsaemost vacuum, r - the radius of the spheres of the spherical electrical capacitors, the resonant frequencies of transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits and step-down transformers of resonance, and resonant frequencies of own high voltage high frequency single-layer spiral conductive windings are spheres frequency alternating current of high frequency.

Methods and devices for transmitting electrical energy are illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4.

In FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a method and device with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers made in the form of single-layer spiral windings, on the middle parts of which are low-voltage windings, insulated on one of the high-voltage bushings on both high-voltage windings, other high-voltage leads on both high-voltage windings interconnected by a single-wire transmission line of electrical energy so that when the transmission system is excited at one of the resonant frequencies ling standing wave is excited along the transmission system between the free pin, is equal to λ = L _AB / 2n,

where λ is the standing wavelength; L _AB is the length of the electrical circuit between the free terminals A and B of the high-voltage resonant windings of step-up and step-down transformers; n is a number from the series (1, 2 ...).

In FIG. 2 is an electrical diagram of a method and device with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers made in the form of single-layer spiral windings, on the middle parts of which low-voltage windings are located, the high-voltage terminals of the resonant windings of both transformers are interconnected using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire transmission lines of electrical energy, so that when the transmission system is excited at one of the resonant frequencies, the standing wavelength is excited oh along the transmission system turns out to be equal

,

,

where λ is the standing wavelength, L _AB is the length of the electric circuit between the middle of the high voltage made in the form of single-layer spirals of high-frequency resonant windings of step-up and step-down transformers, n is a number from the series (1, 2 ...)

In FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers, the high-voltage windings of which are made in the form of single-layer spirals, interconnected by a conductor of a single-wire transmission line of electric energy, other terminals of the high-voltage windings of resonant transformers remain free low-voltage windings are located in the middle of the high-voltage windings, and to the ends of the high-voltage windings are electric Electrically conductive spheres with a natural capacitance C _{0 are} connected. The power transmission system of electric energy is produced at a resonant frequency

,

,

where: f ₀ is the resonant frequency of high-frequency transformers with spherical capacitors at the ends of high-voltage windings; L - inductances of single-layer spiral high-voltage windings of resonant transformers; C is the electrical capacitance of a resonant system for transmitting electrical energy.

In FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers, the high-voltage leads of single-layer spiral resonant windings of which are connected using two conductors of a double-circuit electric energy transmission line containing two single-wire lines, low-voltage windings of both resonant transformers are placed in the middle of the high-voltage windings and to the terminals of the high-voltage resonant windings, electrically connect en conductive areas having natural capacitance C _0. The power transmission system of electric energy is produced at a resonant frequency

,

,

where: f ₀ - resonant frequency of the resonant high-frequency transformers with spherical tanks at the ends of high-voltage windings; L is the inductance of single-layer spiral high-voltage windings of resonant transformers; C is the electrical capacitance of a resonant system for transmitting electrical energy.

In FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy, where: 1 is an increased frequency generator; 2 - an electric capacitor, forming with a low voltage winding 3 a resonant power supply circuit of a step-up transformer containing a low-voltage winding 3 and a high-voltage resonant winding 4, 5 - a single-wire transmission line of electric energy, 6 - a high-voltage resonant winding of a step-down transformer containing a high-voltage winding 6 and a low-voltage winding 7 , 8 - an electric capacitor, forming with a low-voltage winding 7 a resonant circuit for removing electric energy from a step-down transformer into an electric load 9.

The series resonant circuit of the capacitor 2 and the low voltage winding 3 of the boost resonant transformer has a resonant frequency

,

,

where L is the inductance of the low voltage winding 3; C is the capacitance of the capacitor 2. The current developed by the generator 1 in the low-voltage circuit of the series resonant circuit at resonance, i.e. if f _{01 is} equal to the frequency f _g , (f ₀₁ = f _g) , is equal to

.

.

Here: I ₀₁ - current in the low-voltage winding circuit 3 of the step-up resonant transformer; U _g - voltage at the output of the generator of increased frequency 1; Z ₀₁ - input impedance of the low-voltage winding circuit 3, equal

,

,

where r ₁ is the ohmic resistance of the winding 3; r _1n is the equivalent recalculated load resistance 9 in the low-voltage winding circuit 3.

Due to the mutual inductance M ₁ between the low-voltage winding 3 and the high-voltage resonant winding 4 in the high-voltage resonant winding 4, the emf is induced E ₀₁ = I ₀₁ ω ₀₁ M ₁ ,

where ω ₀₁ is the angular velocity (frequency) of the current of increased frequency f _g at the output of the generator 1.

.

.

.E.s. E ₀₁ causes a current wave I ₀₂ in the winding 4.

.

Here: Z _c1 - characteristic wave impedance of a single-layer spiral resonant winding 4.

, где: L₀ - погонная распределенная индуктивность однослойной спиральной обмотки 4; C₀ - погонная распределенная емкость однослойной стиральной резонансной обмотки 4.

where: L ₀ - linear distributed inductance of a single-layer spiral winding 4; C ₀ - linear distributed capacity of a single-layer washing resonant winding 4.

The propagation velocity ϑ _{01 of the} current wave I ₀₂ and the accompanying voltage wave U ₀₂ = Z _c1 · I ₀₂ is equal to ϑ ₀₁ = (L ₀ · C ₀ ) ^-1/2 .

Let us first consider the idle version of the resonant high-frequency winding 4, i.e. case when the conductor 5 is missing.

, где T/2 - время прохождения волны всей длины l однослойной спиральной резонансной обмотки 4; l - длина обмотки 4, а также, если частота тока на выходе питающего генератора 1 такова, что

, то волны тока и напряжения в обмотке 4, отражаемые от концов обмотки и порождаемые э.д.с. Е₀₁ в результате интерференции, создадут стоячие вдоль l волны тока и напряжения.Since the speed ϑ ₀₁ does not depend on the direction along the winding 4 (right or left), the fronts of the voltage and current waves running away from the middle of the winding 4 reach the ends of the single-layer spiral winding 4 at the same time and are reflected due to the absence of absorption of electric energy at the ends of the winding (idle ) If the length l of the single-layer spiral winding 4 is such that the propagation time T / 2 of the current or voltage wave along l is

where T / 2 is the propagation time of the wave of the entire length l of a single-layer spiral resonant winding 4; l is the length of the winding 4, and also, if the frequency of the current at the output of the supply generator 1 is such that

, then the waves of current and voltage in the winding 4, reflected from the ends of the winding and generated by the emf E ₀₁ as a result of interference, create current and voltage waves standing along l.

, получается, что вдоль обмотки 4 укладываетсяA standing wave is characterized in that a stationary state of oscillations in time of the current and voltage values is formed along the winding 4. Moreover, the amplitudes of the current and voltage fluctuations depend on the coordinate along the length of the winding 4. At the ends of the winding 4, the zero amplitudes of the current oscillations (current node) are set, and in the middle part of the winding there will be a maximum of the current amplitude (current antinode). The voltage will also appear in the form of a voltage with a value U varying along the length l: at the ends of the winding 4 there will be voltage maxima (voltage antinodes), in the middle, i.e. at a distance l / 2 from the ends of the winding 4, zero voltage (voltage node) will be located. Given that the wavelength λ of the propagating oscillation along the winding 4 is

, it turns out that along the winding 4 fits

.

.

The state in which standing waves are formed along the winding as a result of interference of direct and reflected waves is called the resonant state, and the resonator along which half the standing wave is laid is called the half-wave resonator, or half-wave vibrator.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that along the length l in the standing wave the antinodes are at the points where the current nodes are located and, conversely, the voltage nodes are at the points where the current antinodes are located. This is due to the different nature of the mechanism of reflection of current and voltage waves from the ends of the winding 4. Thus, if the generator 1 is tuned in resonance with a single-layer spiral resonant winding 4, then voltage antinodes and current nodes are formed at both ends of the winding 4.

A single-layer spiral resonant winding 6 is structurally identical to winding 4, therefore, the electrophysical parameters ϑ ₀₂ , Z ₀₂ , L ₀₂ , C _{02 of} winding 6 are equal to ϑ ₀₁ , Z ₀₁ , L ₀₁ , C _{01 of} winding 4. Under these conditions, ensuring electrical contact with the regions where voltage antinodes are localized, i.e. ends of the windings, is accompanied by a transition of energy from winding 4 to winding 6, where in turn standing waves of voltage and current identical to the voltage and current waves on winding 4 develop. Moreover, the connecting insert of the single-wire line L ₀₂ has little effect on the process of wave propagation and equilibrium distribution of waves along the resonant system L _AB , since the time T _{L of the} passage of waves along the single-wire line L _AB is an insignificant fraction of the time of passage of the waves along the spiral, single-layer windings 4 and 6.

,

,

where c is the speed of light.

The total transit time of voltage waves and current waves along the entire single-wire system will be:

. Поскольку время прохождения волн вдоль одной обмотки составляет

и при этом на спиральной однослойной обмотке укладывается половина λ/2 длины стоячей волны, то можно считать, что вдоль L_AB укладывается полная длина волны λ=L_AB.

. Since the travel time of waves along one winding is

and wherein the single layer helical winding to fit into half of λ / 2 wavelength standing, then we can assume that L _AB is laid along the full wavelength λ = L _AB.

In the middle of a spiral single-layer winding 6, a current antinode is formed, and, accordingly, an antinode of the magnetic field. The placement in the antinode of the magnetic field of the low-voltage winding 7 provides generation in the winding 7 of the emf, which through the electric capacitor 8 causes a current in the load 9:

.

.

Here: I _it is the load current 9;

JX _L7 - reactive inductive reactance of the winding 7;

-JX _C8 - reactive capacitance of an electric capacitance 8;

r _n - load resistance;

r ₇ - ohmic resistance of the windings 7 in view of energy loss resistance in the coil 7, the capacitor 6 and 8.

.Power in the load 9 will be

.

The receiving low-voltage circuit from the winding 7 and the capacitor 8 is tuned in resonance with the frequency of the supply generator 1, so that

.

.

.Thus, the power developed in the load will be

.

In this case, a whole wavelength λ is laid along the electric energy transmission system L _AB .

The resonant frequencies of the low voltage supplying from the capacitor 3 and the winding 4 of the circuit, as well as the energy pickup from the winding 7 and the capacitor 8 of the circuit are equal to the frequency of the current of the generator 1.

When performing resonance modes, all reactances are compensated, and a current node is located on a single-wire transmission line of electrical energy connecting the transmitting half-wave vibrator formed from a single-layer spiral winding 4 and the energy-receiving half-wave vibrator formed from a single-layer spiral winding 6, which is the reason for the smallness electrical losses on the transmission line L and high efficiency energy transfer through a resonant single-wire energy transmission system containing two oluvolnovyh vibrator is not connected to the ground.

In FIG. 2 is an electrical diagram of a method and device with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers made in the form of single-layer spiral windings, on the middle parts of which low-voltage windings are located, the high-voltage terminals of the resonant windings of both transformers are interconnected using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire transmission lines of electrical energy, so that when the transmission system is excited at one of the resonant frequencies, the standing wavelength is excited oh along the transmission system turns out to be equal

,

,

where λ is the standing wavelength; L _AB is the length of the electrical circuit between the middle of the high-voltage windings made in the form of single-layer spirals of high-frequency resonant, step-up and step-down windings, L, the distance between the resonant transformers 4 and 6, n is an integer from the series (1, 2 ...).

The supplying source of electrical energy is a generator 1, which generates an alternating current of increased and controlled frequency f _g at the output. Electric energy is supplied through an electric capacitor 2 to the low voltage winding 3 of the resonant boost transformer. The high-voltage winding 4 of the resonant step-up transformer is made in the form of a single-layer spiral winding having a winding length l. The low-voltage winding 3 of the step-up resonant transformer is placed on top of a single-layer spiral high-voltage winding 4 in its middle part. The high-voltage leads of a single-layer spiral resonant winding 4 are electrically connected to conductors 5.1 and 5.2 having a length L, which are electrically connected at their other ends to the high-voltage leads of a single-layer spiral resonant winding 6 of a step-down resonant transformer.

, где L - индуктивность низковольтной обмотки 3; С - емкость конденсатора 2.The length of a single-layer spiral winding 6 is equal to l. In the middle part of the high-voltage resonant winding 6, a low-voltage winding 7 is placed on top of it. A capacitor 8 is electrically connected to the low-voltage winding 7. The electric capacitor 8 and the low-voltage winding 7 form a resonant circuit in series. The series circuit of 7 and 8 is connected to the electric load 9. The resonant frequency of the series circuit of capacitance 2 and low voltage winding 3 is

where L is the inductance of the low voltage winding 3; C is the capacitance of the capacitor 2.

If the time it takes for the electric wave to travel from one terminal of the high-frequency single-layer spiral winding 4 to its other terminal is half the duration of the oscillation period of the supply current of increased frequency

,

,

resonance oscillations with a wavelength of λ = 2l are excited in a high-voltage single-layer spiral winding 4 and high electrical potentials antiphase in time are excited at the terminals of winding 4, i.e. voltage antinodes develop at the terminals, and a voltage node is installed in the middle of winding 4, at the same time a current antinode develops in the middle of winding 4, and current nodes appear at the terminals of winding 4.

Oscillations of potentials at the terminals of winding 4 in time are out of phase and through conductors 5.1 and 5.2 excite oscillations of electric current in high-voltage resonant winding 6, made in the form of a single-layer spiral winding of length l. The design of the high-voltage resonant spiral winding 6 is identical to the design of the winding 4, therefore, its resonant characteristics are identical to the characteristics of the winding 4:

, где ϑ₀₂ - скорость распространения волн тока и напряжения вдоль обмотки 6. Таким образом, в обмотке 6 устанавливаются резонансные колебания с длиной волны λ=2l

, where ϑ ₀₂ is the propagation velocity of current and voltage waves along the winding 6. Thus, resonant oscillations with a wavelength of λ = 2l are set in the winding 6

At the terminals of winding 6, voltage antinodes and current nodes develop; in the middle part of the winding, current antinodes and voltage nodes develop. Along the circuit, which includes winding 4, conductor 5.1, winding 6 and conductor 5.2, the full wavelength λ of the resonant oscillation is laid. At the same time, voltage antinodes and current nodes are located on conductors 5.1 and 5.2, the voltages on conductors 5.1 and 5.2 are antiphase in time, which contributes to the concentration of the electric field between conductors 5.1 and 5.2 and the formation of current nodes in conductors 5.1 and 5.2. The currents in conductors 5.1 and 5.2 are not only nodal, but also in-phase with each other, which allows them to be considered independent, and not a continuation of each other, which gives reason to formally consider two branches between points A and B of the circuit "winding 4 - conductor 5.1 - winding 6 - conductor 5.2 "independent single-wire branches connected in parallel.

One single-wire branch "point A - the upper half of the winding 4 - conductor 5.1 - the upper half of the winding 6 - point B"; another single-wire branch "point A - the lower half of the winding 4 - conductor 5.2 - point B". Both single-wire lines are identical in their electrophysical parameters and have the same length L _AB = λ / 2, each of them transfers half of the total power to load 9 from an electric energy source (generator 1).

The low voltage energy pickup winding 7 is located in the middle of a single layer helical resonant winding 6 of a step-down resonant transformer, i.e. in the place of localization of the antinode current. The low voltage winding 7 is connected to the load through an electric capacitor 8. The low voltage winding 7 and the capacitor 8 form a series circuit 7-8. Resonant frequency of the low-voltage circuit 7-8 step-down resonant high-frequency transformer

,

,

where L is the inductance of the low voltage winding 7, C is the capacitance of the capacitor 8. Frequency f ₀₂ = f ₀₁ .

In FIG. 3 is an electrical diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers, the high-voltage windings 4 and 6 of which are made in the form of single-layer spirals and interconnected using one conductor of a single-wire electric power transmission line 5, and other high-voltage leads windings of resonant transformers remain free, low-voltage windings 3 and 7 are located in the middle of high-voltage windings 4 and 6, and high-voltage ends For these windings, electrically conductive spheres 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, which have natural capacities, are electrically connected.

The power transmission system of electric energy is produced from the generator 1 at a resonant frequency f _g equal to

, где: f₀₁, f₀₂ - резонансные частоты высокочастотных трансформаторов со сферическими емкостями 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 на концах высоковольтных обмоток 4 и 6; L - индуктивность однослойных спиральных высоковольтных обмоток 4 и 6 резонансных трансформаторов; С - электрическая емкость резонансной системы, содержащей однослойную спиральную обмотку и две сферические естественные емкости на торцах однослойных обмоток.

where: f ₀₁ , f ₀₂ - resonant frequencies of high-frequency transformers with spherical capacitances 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 at the ends of high-voltage windings 4 and 6; L is the inductance of single-layer spiral high-voltage windings of 4 and 6 resonant transformers; C is the electric capacitance of a resonant system containing a single-layer spiral winding and two natural spherical capacitances at the ends of a single-layer winding.

Energy is transferred from the high-frequency generator 1 to the electric power transmission system using a series resonant circuit formed by a low-voltage winding 3 and a capacitor 2. The low-voltage winding 3 is located in the middle of the high-voltage resonant single-layer spiral winding 4. In the middle part of the high-voltage resonant winding 4, the antinode develops during resonance current. Thus, the low-voltage winding 3 is in antinode current of the winding 4, this helps to increase the efficiency of energy transfer from the electric energy source 1 through a series circuit 2-3 to the high-voltage winding 4.

At the ends of the high-voltage winding 4, antinodes of potentials develop; under the same potentials are spherical electric capacitances 10.1; 10.2. Polarity of potentials of spherical capacities 10.1; 10.2 are opposite (antiphase). On a single-wire line L, the potential of the spherical capacitance 10.2 is communicated to a spherical capacitance 10.3, electrically connected to a cylindrical spiral resonant winding 6. A spherical electric capacitance 10.4 is connected to the other end of the winding 6. A single-wire electric energy transmission line excites a resonant single-layer spiral winding 6 with spherical capacities 10.3 and 10.4 at the ends at the resonant frequency f ₀₂ = f ₀₁ = f _g .

As a result of resonant excitation, a current antinode develops in the middle of the winding 6. In the area of the antinode current (middle of winding 6) there is a winding 7 for removing electric energy from the resonant winding 6. The electric energy from the winding 7 through the electric capacitance 8 enters the load 9. Not a single point of the energy transfer system is connected to the ground, which eliminates the loss of electrical energy in grounding conductors, and placement on the transmitting single-wire line 5 of the current node provides a minimum of losses on line L.

In FIG. 4 is an electrical diagram of a method and apparatus for transmitting electrical energy with two step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers, the high-voltage windings 4 and 6 of which are made in the form of single-layer spirals and interconnected using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines 5.1 and 5.2 of electric transmission energy, so that with resonant excitation of a single-layer winding 4 of a step-up resonant transformer at the ends of winding 4, voltage antinodes develop, and in the middle of the winding Tk 4 current antinode develops. The resonant winding 4 is excited by a low-voltage winding 3 through an electric capacitance 2 from an alternating current source of increased frequency 1. At the ends of the resonant single-layer spiral winding 4, electrically conductive spheres 10.1 and 10.2 are placed, the spheres are electrically connected to the terminals of the winding 4.

During the operation of the electric power transmission system, the antiphase potentials of the conclusions of the winding 4 along two single-wire lines 5.1 and 5.2, forming a double-circuit single-wire system, are transferred to the terminals of the high-voltage single-layer spiral resonant winding 6 of the step-down resonant transformer. Structurally, the spiral winding 6 of the step-down spiral transformer is made similarly to winding 4. Spherical electric capacitances 10.3 and 10.4, structurally analogous to spherical electric capacitances 10.1 and 10.2, are electrically connected to the high-voltage terminals of winding 6. The resonant system excited from two sides by antiphase potentials from a single-layer spiral winding 6 and two spherical electric capacitances 10.3 and 10.4 generates a current antinode in the middle part of winding 6 and a potential antinode at the ends of winding 6. In the area of the antinode current, a low-voltage winding 7 is placed on the winding 6 for removing electric energy from the step-down transformer to the load 9. The winding 7 is connected to the load 9 through an electric capacitor 8, which serves to reduce reactance in the load circuit 9, resulting in a "low-voltage circuit winding 6 - electric capacitance 8 "voltage resonance mode is created.

An example implementation of the method and device for transmitting electrical energy

As a high-frequency generator, the laboratory generator of sinusoidal oscillations G-33 was used. The output power of the signal is not more than 3 W, the range of the variable frequency of the output alternating current (20-220000) Hz. Output voltage no more than 20 V.

Resonant single-layer spiral windings of both step-up and step-down transformers are wound on fiberglass frames with a diameter of D = 120 mm. The length of the windings is l = 1900 mm. The diameter of the PEV-0.63 copper wire is d = 0.63 mm. The winding pitch is taken equal to τ = 0.65 mm (taking into account the thickness of the insulation). In the middle of the resonant winding there is a low-voltage winding made by a stranded copper wire with a cross section of 10 mm ² . The number of turns of the low voltage winding is 10.

The numbers of turns of the resonant spiral windings are equal

.

.

The calculated inductance was

.

.

Here: µ ₀ is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum; D is the diameter of the frame, m; l is the length of the winding, m; K is the coefficient of influence of the ends of the winding (correction).

коэффициент равен К = 0,975 (Калантаров П.Л., Цейтлин Л.А. Расчет индуктивностей: Справочная книга = 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. - Л.: Энергоатомиздат. Ленинградское отделение, 1986. Стр. 251).At

the coefficient is K = 0.975 (Kalantarov P.L., Tseitlin L.A. Calculation of inductances: Reference book = 3rd ed., revised and additional - L .: Energoatomizdat. Leningrad branch, 1986. p. 251).

. Принимаем L = 61,3 мГн.

. We accept L = 61.3 mH.

The real inductance was L = 63.0 mH, the linear inductance

.

.

.When a resonant single-layer spiral winding was excited, the resonant frequency in the half-wave resonance mode was 195 kHz. Consequently, the wave propagation velocity along the spiral half-wave winding was

.

Here: T ₀₁ is the oscillation period, f ₀₁ is the resonance frequency.

.

.

, расчетное значение погонной емкости составит:Given that the wave propagation velocity along the spiral winding of the solenoid at low energy losses in the winding is

, the estimated value of the linear capacity will be:

.

.

C ₀ = 55 pF / m. The total winding capacity C = C ₀ l = C = 55 · 1.9 = 105 pF.

When connecting up and down transformers, the resonant frequency of the half-wave system was f ₀ = 190 kHz. The voltage on the transmission line L was equal to 1500 V. The low-voltage winding 7 is wound with a stranded wire, contains 10 turns, the cross section of the wire is 10 mm ² . An incandescent lamp was used as a load. At resonance, the power released on the lamp was 2.3 watts.

The capacitors of the series resonant circuits between the high-frequency current generator and the single-layer spiral resonant winding, as well as between the single-layer spiral resonant winding of the receiving transformer and the electrical load of the system, are determined by the following relation:

,

,

where C is the capacitance of capacitors in series resonant circuits, f;

L _n - inductance of low-voltage windings of step-up and step-down transformers, GN;

f ₀ is the resonant frequency of the system, Hz.

The inductances of low-voltage windings were L _n = 0.03 mH (with a small spread of less than 5%).

Capacities of successive circuits equal

.

.

The wave impedance of resonant single-layer spiral coils was

.

.

The capacity of the conductive spheres mounted on the ends of the resonant spiral single-layer windings is C = 4πε ₀ R,

where ε ₀ is the dielectric constant of the vacuum, f / m; R is the radius of the conducting sphere, m

In a variant of practical implementation, the radius of the spheres mounted on the ends of the spiral windings was R = 0.35 m. The electric capacitance of the spheres was equal to:

.

.

Connecting to the end of the resonant winding of the capacitance is equivalent to lengthening the winding. Elongation is

,

,

where Z _c - wave impedance of the spiral winding, Ohm;

ω ₀ is the resonant frequency, rad / sec;

C is the electrical capacitance of the connected spherical capacitor, f;

β is the phase propagation constant of electromagnetic waves along the spiral winding, rad / m.

.Here:

.

Thus, the elongation will be equal to

.

.

The effective length of the half-wave vibrator with spherical containers at the ends will be:

.

.

частота собственных резонансных колебаний зашунтированного сферическими емкостями вибратора составит:At the speed of the wave along the vibrator

the frequency of natural resonant oscillations of a shunted vibrator with a spherical capacitance will be:

.

.

As a result of the use of the present invention, when transmitting electricity, the consumption of non-ferrous metals is reduced by placing a standing wave current node on the transmission line, transmission efficiency is improved by eliminating electrical losses in grounding conductors, and it is also possible to transfer electric energy through one conductor between objects regardless of the earth, for example located in the atmosphere, stratosphere or space.

Claims (8)

1. A method of transmitting electric energy by creating high-frequency resonant oscillations in a circuit consisting of a high-frequency generator and two raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers, increasing the potentials of both terminals of the high-voltage resonant winding of the increasing high-frequency resonant transformer, transmitting the high-voltage potential and electric energy through a single-wire lines to a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer, lowering the potential and transmitting e electric energy to the load by attaching a low-voltage winding of a step-down transformer to two load terminals, characterized in that the resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a wavelength

where n is an integer, L _AB is the length of the electric circuit between the free leads A and B of the high voltage, made in the form of single-layer spirals of the windings of high-frequency resonant transformers, transmit from the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonant circuit of the low-voltage resonator circuit tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator windings of a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer through a single-wire line regardless of the ground by placing low-voltage windings of raising and lowering high-voltage resonant transformers in the middle of high-voltage high-frequency resonant windings and converting current in a single-wire line to active current in the load. 2. A method of transmitting electric energy by creating high-frequency resonant oscillations in a circuit consisting of a high-frequency generator and two raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers, increasing the potentials of both terminals of the high-voltage resonant winding of the increasing high-frequency resonant transformer, transmitting high-voltage potentials and electric energy via a double-circuit a line containing two single-wire lines to a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer, lowering potentials and transferring electrical energy to the load by attaching a low-voltage winding of a step-down transformer to two load terminals, characterized in that the resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a wavelength

where n is an integer, L _AB is the length of the electric circuit between the middle of the high-voltage, made in the form of single-layer spirals of the windings of high-frequency resonant transformers, transmit from the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the lowering high-frequency resonance tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency generator transformer in two antiphase single-wire, insulated from the ground lines, convert the current into lated from land lines in antiphase single-wire alternating current of industrial frequency, wherein the low voltage winding of the step-up and step-down high frequency transformer resonant placed in the middle of high, made in the form of single-layer winding coils. 3. A method of transmitting electric energy by creating high-frequency resonant oscillations in a circuit consisting of a high-frequency generator and two raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers, increasing the potentials of both terminals of the high-voltage resonant winding of the increasing high-frequency resonant transformer, transmitting the high-voltage potential and electric energy through a single-wire lines to a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer, lowering the potential and transmitting e electric energy to the load by connecting a low-voltage winding of a step-down transformer to two load terminals, characterized in that the resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a frequency

where L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ · l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance of single-layer windings, l is the length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonance system, C = C ₀ · l + 2C _c , ₀ where C - capacitance per unit length of single-layer windings natural resonant transformers, l - length of single-layer windings resonant transformers, _C - a natural capacitance of conductive areas connected to unilamellar extreme conclusions resonant transformer windings excite oscillations of the electric energy in the transmitting resonant transformer, the high voltage resonant winding is formed as a single layer helical winding connected to its terminals electrically conductive areas that act as capacitances having natural capacitance _C = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ - absolute dielectric constant of vacuum, r - the radius of the spheres of spherical electric capacitors, transmit energy from the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the high-frequency winding tuned to the frequency of the high-frequency winding the resonant frequency of the transformer to the resonant circuit a low-voltage winding down the high-frequency resonant transformer on a single line from the ground independently by placing the low-voltage windings of the step-up and step-down high frequency transformer resonant middle and high voltage windings of the resonant current conversion in a single line in the active load current. 4. A method of transmitting electric energy by creating high-frequency resonant oscillations in a circuit consisting of a high-frequency generator and two raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers, increasing the potentials of both terminals of the high-voltage resonant winding of the increasing high-frequency resonant transformer, transmitting high-voltage potentials and electric energy via a double-circuit a line containing two single-wire lines to a step-down high-frequency resonant transformer, lowering potentials and transferring electric energy to the load by attaching a low-voltage winding of a step-down transformer to two load terminals, characterized in that the resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy with a frequency

where L is the inductance of the single-layer windings of the resonant transformers, L = L ₀ · l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance of the single-layer windings, l is the length of the single-layer windings of the resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonance system, C = C ₀ · l + 2C _c , here С ₀ - linear natural capacity of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, l - length of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, excite oscillations of electric energy in a transmitting resonant transformer, the high-voltage resonant winding of which is made in the form of a single-layer a spiral winding with electrically conductive spheres attached to its terminals, which play the role of electric capacitors having a natural capacitance C _c = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ is the absolute dielectric constant of vacuum, r is the radius of the spheres of spherical electric capacitors, transmitted from the resonant resonator tuned to the frequency the circuit of the low-voltage winding of the step-up high-frequency resonant transformer to the resonant circuit of the low-voltage winding of the step-down high-frequency resonant transformer an informator along two antiphase single-wire isolated from the ground lines, convert the current in antiphase single-wire lines isolated from the earth into alternating current of industrial frequency, while the low-voltage windings of the step-down and step-up high-frequency resonant transformers are placed in the middle of the high-voltage resonant windings made in the form of single-layer spirals. 5. A device for transmitting electrical energy containing a high-frequency generator, a supply capacitor, increasing and decreasing high-frequency resonant transformers interconnected by a single-wire line, a load capacitor and a load connected to a low-voltage winding of a step-down high-frequency transformer, characterized in that the low-voltage winding of a step-up high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms a transmitting resonant, tuned to the frequency for generators high frequency resonant circuit, the low-voltage winding down the high-frequency resonant transformer with its contour capacitor forms a receiving resonant circuit parameters of said resonant circuits are related by L ₁ · C ₁ = L ₂ · C ₂ where L ₁ and C _1, L ₂ and C ₂ - inductances and capacitances of the indicated resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are located in the middle e high-voltage windings, using a single-wire line with one of the high-voltage terminals, a step-up resonance transformer, regardless of the earth, is connected to one of the high-voltage terminals of a step-down resonant transformer, the other high-voltage terminals A and B of the high-voltage windings of high-frequency resonant, step-up and step-down transformers remain free, the length of the electric circuit L _AB between the free terminals A and B of the high-voltage windings of step-up and step-down resonant high-frequency transformers equal to L _AB = λ · n, where n is an integer, λ is the wavelength of natural resonant oscillations of electromagnetic energy, while the resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits of the raising and lowering resonant transformers, as well as the natural resonant frequencies of the high-voltage high-frequency single-layer spiral windings are equal to each other and equal to the frequency of the alternating current of a high-frequency current source. 6. A device for transmitting electrical energy containing a high-frequency generator, supplying a capacitor, raising and lowering high-voltage resonant transformers, interconnected by a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, a load capacitor and a load connected to the low-voltage winding of a step-down resonant high-frequency transformer, characterized in that the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms edayuschy resonant circuit tuned to the high frequency oscillator frequency, low-voltage winding down the high-frequency resonant transformer with its contour capacitor forms a receiving resonant circuit parameters of said resonant circuits are related by L ₁ · C ₁ = L ₂ · C ₂ where L ₁ and C _1, , L ₂ and C ₂ - inductances and capacitances of the indicated resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, low-voltage The windings are placed in the middle of the high-voltage windings, using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, the high-voltage antiphase leads of the resonant high-voltage spiral windings of the raising and lowering resonant transformers are interconnected independently of the earth, the length of the electrical circuit L _AB between the middle of the high-voltage, made in the form of single-layer spirals high frequency resonance transformer windings is L _AB = λ / n, where n - an integer, λ - wavelength of the natural resonant oscillation , The resonant frequencies of transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits and step-down transformers of resonance, and resonant frequencies of own high voltage high frequency single-layer coil windings are equal to each other and equal to the frequency of AC high frequency current source. 7. A device for transmitting electrical energy containing a high-frequency generator, a supply capacitor, increasing and decreasing high-frequency resonant transformers interconnected by a single-wire line, a load capacitor and a load connected to a low-voltage winding of a step-down high-frequency transformer, characterized in that the low-voltage winding of a step-up high-voltage resonant the transformer with its supply capacitor forms a transmitting resonant circuit tuned to Toth generator of high frequency, low-voltage winding down the high-frequency resonant transformer with its contour capacitor forms a receiving resonance, also tuned to the high frequency generator circuit parameters of said resonant circuits are related by L ₁ · C ₁ = L ₂ · C ₂ where L ₁ and C _1, L ₂ and C ₂ - inductance and capacitance of said resonant circuits, the high-voltage winding of the step-up and step-down transformers of high-frequency resonance are in the form of single-layer spiral , the low-voltage windings are located in the middle of the high-voltage windings, using a single-wire line one of the high-voltage leads increases the resonant transformer regardless of the ground connected to one of the high-voltage leads of the step-down resonant transformer, the other high-voltage leads A and B of the high-voltage windings of the high-frequency resonant boost and step-down transformers remain free free leads electrically connected installed in the immediate vicinity of metal elec conductive sphere with a radius r, its own resonance frequencies f, capacitances formed spheres _C, distributed along the helical high-voltage coil length l, self-capacitance C and inductance L _{0 0} equal

where L is the inductance of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ · l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance distributed along the spiral winding, l are the lengths of single-layer windings of resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonant system of resonant transformers, where C = C ₀ 2C · l + _c, where C ₀ - capacitance per unit length own natural resonant transformer winding monolayer, l - length of a single-layer winding of the resonant transformer, _C - a natural capacitance of conductive spheres, wherein the resonant frequency of the transmitting and receiving th resonant circuits of low voltage step-up and step-down transformers of resonance, and resonant frequencies of own high voltage high frequency single layer helical winding with spherical tanks across the terminals equal to each other and equal to the frequency of the high frequency alternating current. 8. A device for transmitting electrical energy containing a high-frequency generator, supplying a capacitor, raising and lowering high-frequency resonant transformers, interconnected by a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, a load capacitor and a load connected to the low voltage winding of a step-down resonant high-frequency transformer, characterized in that the low-voltage winding of the boosting high-frequency resonant transformer with its supply capacitor forms Reda resonant circuit tuned to the high frequency oscillator frequency, low-voltage winding down-resonant transformer with its contour capacitor forms a receiving resonant circuit parameters of said resonant circuits are related by L ₁ · C ₁ = L ₂ · C ₂ where L ₁ and C _1, L ₂ and C ₂ - inductance and capacitance of the indicated resonant circuits, while the high-voltage windings of the step-up and step-down high-frequency resonant transformers are made in the form of single-layer spirals, the low-voltage windings are sized In the middle of the high-voltage windings, using a double-circuit line containing two single-wire lines, the high-voltage antiphase leads of the resonant high-voltage spiral windings of the raising and lowering resonant transformers are interconnected independently of the earth, electrically conductive spheres with a radius r are connected to the high-voltage terminals of the spiral resonant windings, while the frequency of the electromagnetic energy of the spiral high-frequency windings together with the spheres is

where L is the inductance of the single-layer windings of resonant transformers, L = L ₀ · l, here L ₀ is the linear inductance of the single-layer windings, l is the length of the single-layer windings of the resonant transformers, C is the capacitance of the resonant system, C = C ₀ · l + 2C _s , here C ₀ is the linear natural capacitance of the single-layer windings of the resonant transformers, l is the length of the single-layer windings of the resonant transformers, C _c is the natural capacity of the electrically conductive spheres connected to the high-voltage inputs of the resonant transformers, C _c = ε ₀ r, where ε ₀ is the absolute dielectric permeability of vacuum, r is the radius of the spheres of spherical electric capacitors, while the resonant frequencies of the transmitting and receiving low-voltage resonant circuits of the raising and lowering resonant transformers, as well as the natural resonant frequencies of high-voltage high-frequency single-layer spiral windings with electrically conductive spheres, are equal to the frequency of an alternating current of high frequency.

Images