RU2572163C1 - Keratinised gum measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises a neck, working and accessory portions made as a unit of steel 1-1.5 mm thick. The working portion is slotted and has an elbow 2.5 mm in radius. The working portion has a ruler-type measuring scale. The measuring scale is graduated in mm from 0 at an elbow base of the working portion to 12 at the end of the working portion. The handle, neck and working portion are connected at physiological angles formed so that a zero mark is aligned with a mucosal gingival junction, whereas a free gingival margin can be seen in the slot.

EFFECT: device requires no specially trained personnel; it is simple and easy to use.

4 dwg

Description

Device for measuring the area of keratinized gums

The present invention relates to medicine, in particular to dentistry, namely, instrumental methods for the diagnosis of topography and gum size, is intended to determine the area of keratinized gums and can be used to justify surgery to increase the area of keratinized gums in order to ensure periodontal stability.

The mucous gingival is that visual line that divides completely different anatomical structures. It separates the gum, that is, the motionless mucous membrane and the mucosa, that is, its movable part. The gum is covered with keratinized epithelium, in contrast to the mucous membrane, in this regard, the concept of keratinized gum.

To maintain the clinical health of the periodontium, a functionally adequate keratinized gum zone is necessary. A wide strip of dense gums prevents the spread of the inflammatory process.

A narrow zone of keratinized gums leads to the development of destructive processes in periodontal disease and exposure of the neck of the teeth. Tension of the mucous membrane during lip movements contributes to the development of ischemia in a limited area and leads to the appearance of local periodontitis or exacerbates the generalized process (Anton Skulean, 2012).

Sizing keratinized gums is of great importance for the diagnosis and prevention of periodontal pathology. Early diagnosis of this process allows timely effective treatment (Fuad Kuri, 2013).

In the literature, data on measuring instruments of this anatomical formation is not. Some doctors use a periodontal probe with a mark in the end region of 11.5 mm or a button probe with a gradation millimeter scale applied to the working part, having a length of up to 15 mm, an orthopedic micrometer or vernier caliper as a means at hand.

The famous instrument G.V. Kruchinsky and A.S. Arptyushkevich (RU 1001926), which is designed for quick and accurate determination of angles for plastic on the threshold of the oral cavity. The analogue consists of a handle with an adapter and a working part with three sharp spikes at different angles with respect to the axis of symmetry. The adapter is marked with divisions at an angle of 75.5 ° with respect to the center line and slot. Paint outlines the cut angles on the mucous membrane of the lips through the slot according to the divisions.

This tool has a different purpose: it is for operation, not for measurement. The disadvantages of the known analogue are:

- there is no measuring scale;

- the working part covers the area of keratinized gums, and it is not available for measurement.

Known device Borodulina I.I. for measuring the depth of the vestibule of the oral cavity (dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences "Improving the effectiveness of surgical treatment of periodontal disease", Moscow - 2005). The analogue includes a rearranged plastic vernier caliper, into the upper long jaw of which an elastic L-shaped metal wire was fixed. A plastic tube of a certain length is put on the wire. When measuring the end of the plastic tube is installed in the deepest part of the vestibule, the lower working jaw caliper is fixed on the marginal edge in the middle of the tooth crown. To determine the depth of the vestibule, the measured distance is subtracted from the specified length of the plastic tube. Thus, the sum of the free and attached gums and the size of the movable mucosa from the transitional fold to the arch of the vestibule at its highest point are included in the depth of the vestibule.

However, the device has significant disadvantages:

- requires additional mathematical calculations to obtain the desired result;

- the impossibility of creating the sterility of the device used, since a disposable plastic tube worn on the wire is not sealed from the end, which creates conditions for the introduction of infection.

From the point of view of periodontal plastic surgery (World Workshop in Periodontics, 1996), it is the increase in the area of keratinized gums that is the prevention or correction of defects in the gums, mucous membranes and alveolar bones. And the depth of the vestibule, which is composed of the sum of the movable and motionless mucous membranes, has no practical significance for this and can cause some confusion. Therefore, we consider it inappropriate to determine the depth of the vestibule and suggest measuring precisely the area of keratinized gums.

No other analogues and prototypes of measuring devices of this anatomical structure were found in the literature available to us. This creates the need for the invention of a device for measuring the area of keratinized gums, the purpose of which is to improve the quality of diagnosis of abnormalities of attachment of soft tissues of the oral cavity by ensuring the accuracy of the measurements.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device devoid of the above disadvantages for quick and accurate measurement of the area of keratinized gums.

The technical result consists in measuring the area of keratinized gums in millimeters from the mucous-gingival connection to the free gingival margin in the center of the crown of the corresponding tooth by using the proposed device for measuring the area of keratinized gums.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device is used to measure the area of keratinized gums. The device is used as follows: pull the lip to a horizontal position. The sterile device is held in the position of the "writing pen", like a fountain pen, covering the neck with the distal phalanges of the I, II, III fingers. It is set by an angular bend so that a conditionally zero mark on the working part is combined with the mucous-gingival joint. And then the measurement is carried out as follows: through the slot of the working part of the installed device, the point of the free gingival margin is determined and fixed in the center of the crown part of the corresponding tooth in accordance with the divisions of the measuring scale according to the ruler with a division step of 1 millimeter, length from 0 to 12 mm, available from both sides of the cut, and thus, the zone of keratinized gums is determined in millimeters.

A further purpose of use and advantages of the proposed device are illustrated by drawings and clinical examples.

The proposed device is one-piece, made of steel, 1-1.5 mm thick and is represented by the working and auxiliary parts and a measuring scale on the working part. The device has a handle, a curved neck and a working part with an angular bend, with a slot and a measuring scale, graduated in millimeters, conditionally from 0 millimeters at the base of the angular bend of the working part to 12 millimeters at the end of the working part. The handle, neck and working part are connected at physiological angles necessary for this measurement.

The device in a side projection is shown in FIG. 1, where under the number 1 the handle of the device, the neck under the number 2, the working part corresponds to the number 3. The transition of the neck to the working part has an angular bend 4 of FIG. one.

In FIG. 2 - top view of the device, where the number 1 corresponds to the handle, 2 - the neck of the device that connects the handle and the working part, under the number 3 - the working part.

The dimensions and shape of the device are shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4. In FIG. 3 shows a drawing of the device, made in side view. An elongated neck of the device connects the handle and directly continues to the working part. The height of the device 1 of FIG. 3 is 90 mm, the length in the working position 2 of FIG. 3 - 115 mm. Handle 3 FIG. 3 55 mm long. Pairing — places of bends have smooth transitions without angles — transition of the handle to the neck 4 of FIG. 3 is 4.5 mm; the conjugation of the first bend of the neck with the inner radius 5 of FIG. 3-30 mm long 6 FIG. 3 - 31.5 mm, the conjugation of the second bend of the neck with an outer radius of 7 FIG. 3 - 44.5 mm long 8 FIG. 3 to 35, 5 mm and a length of 9 FIG. 3 - 14.5 mm. The coupling of the neck with the working part (angular bending according to the text) with an inner radius of 10 FIG. 3 - 2.5 mm, length 11 of FIG. 3 - 5.5 mm. The length of the working part from the angular bend to the end part of the device 12 of FIG. 3 is 13.5 mm.

FIG. 4 shows a drawing of the device from above. The horizontal length of the device 1 FIG. 4 is 160 mm. The handle has a flat shape with blunt, rounded faces, the interface of which has a radius of 2 FIG. 4 - 5.5 mm. The handle length of the device 3 of FIG. 4 until its direct transition into the neck is 60 mm; the width of the handle 4 of FIG. 4 - 11 mm. Curved neck 5 of FIG. 4 has a width of 7 mm. The length of the integral working part 6 of FIG. 4 is 35 mm; it has several widths from 10 mm at the end of the working part 7 of FIG. 4 to 20.5 mm at the point of greatest width 8 of FIG. four.

The working part of the petal shape with a radius of 9 FIG. 4 - 29 mm is provided with a through central slot of a rectangular shape along the longitudinal axis, which is shown in the drawing. The length from the beginning of the slot at the base of the angular bend to the end of the working part 10 of FIG. 4 - 13.5 mm.

The immediate length of the slot 11 of FIG. 4 is 12 mm; its width 12 is FIG. 4-2 mm. On the front surface on both sides of the slot along its entire length there are divisions - a scale calibrated in millimeters, with a conditionally zero mark at the angular bend.

The advantages of the proposed device are as follows:

- meets the requirements of ergonomics, minimal time;

- simplicity of design, ease of use;

- a cheap, cost-effective way, does not require specially trained personnel;

- minimal errors in obtaining results due to the fact that we can install the device as required, combining a conditionally zero mark with the mucous-gingival joint, and the presence of calibration of the working part in millimeters;

- the ability to justify surgery to increase the area of keratinized gums to ensure periodontal stability;

- measurements are carried out with a sterile device and, thus, the possibility of infection is excluded.

The use of the proposed tool can be illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. Patient N., 42 years old. I went to the periodontist with complaints of exposure of the necks of the teeth, sensitivity of the cervical region of the teeth. On examination, a local recession and pathological changes in the periodontal dystrophic nature were revealed.

The device is applied by angular bending of the working part so that a conditionally zero mark is aligned with the mucous-gingival joint, while the mucous-gingival joint and the free gingival margin in the center of the coronal part of the corresponding tooth are located in the cut of the instrument. Take measurements according to the divisions located in the horizontal part of the slot of the tool. The result is recorded on a scale: the area of keratinized gums was 2 mm, which is not enough (taking into account complaints and clinical examination). Then the tool is removed from the oral cavity and surgery is performed. After surgical correction, when measuring with the device, the keratinized gum zone was 5 mm.

Example 2. Patient C, 35 years old, with similar complaints and objective examination data, using a sterile device determined zone of keratinized gums - 3 mm. A gum augmentation operation is planned with an autograft from the sky.

Example 3. Patient O., 43 years old. I went to the periodontist with complaints of exposure of the necks of the teeth, sensitivity of the cervical region of the teeth. On examination, a local recession and pathological changes in the periodontal dystrophic nature were revealed, with the help of the device - a narrow zone of keratinized gums.

An operation was performed to increase the area of keratinized gums with a free transplant from the sky to the right of the midline. The second stage of the operation is planned to increase the area of keratinized gums on the left.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring the area of the keratinized gums, containing the working and auxiliary parts made as a whole from steel 1-1.5 mm thick, and a measuring scale placed on the working part according to the type of ruler, characterized in that it further comprises a curved neck, and the working part made with an angular bend with a radius of 2.5 mm and with a slot, and the measuring scale is graduated in mm, from 0 at the base of the angular bend of the working part to 12 at the end of the working part; at the same time, the handle, neck and working part are connected at physiological angles, made so that the zero mark is combined with the mucous-gingival connection, and a free gingival margin is visible into the slot.

Images