RU2571937C2 - Method of assessment of harvest structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises selecting sheaf samples from the plots with the area of one square meter of control nursery. In the middle part of the control plot on a typical place the plants are dug out and in ten of them without selection the total number of productive and non-productive stems is counted. The stem height is measured at the root in 3-5 plot typical places, straightening the laid and drooped plants. Then 30-50 spikes are cut without selection, which are placed in a paper bag, labelled and sent to the laboratory to determine the length of the spike, number of spikelets and grains in a spike, the weight of grains in a spike, and the grain size. The number of spikelets in a spike is counted in all the spikes in a row, the total length of all the spikes is determined by sequential overlapping them one by one on the gauge. Then the spikes together are threshed, the grain is weighed, the number of grains is counted. The length of the spike, the number of spikelets in a spike, the spike productivity is calculated by simple dividing the consolidated figures obtained by the number of spikes, and the weight of 1000 grains is determined by dividing the weight of grains by the number of grains and by multiplying by 1000.

EFFECT: method eliminates the time-consuming processes: selecting sheaf samples, their labelling, transportation and storage of the sheaf samples, and provides greater accuracy of data obtained, while avoiding error introduced by threshing, spikelet damage during transportation and storage.

Description

Description of the invention

The method of assessing the structure of the crop

The invention relates to crop production, namely to plant breeding, as well as genetic research.

There is a method of analyzing the elements of the crop structure in breeding institutions of our country, where from all plots of the control nursery, preliminary and competitive variety testing before harvesting, test sheaves are taken and a full analysis of all productivity elements is performed [1, 2]

The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of labor and time, and the data obtained are important only for the description of the lines. They do not directly influence the efficiency of productivity selections. Such analyzes need to be carried out only in a competitive variety test in order to have data for the description of varieties transferred to the State Commission.

Such analyzes are laborious and the results of their direct relation to the selection for productivity do not have, since in these nurseries there is already a direct assessment of the yield lines, but the structural analysis data is important for breeders.

First, they allow us to conclude which of the elements of productivity limits or determines the yield.

The second - make it possible to identify lines that differ in the severity of one or more signs. This data is necessary for crossbreeding.

Thirdly, such data are necessary for different biometric calculations, which allow us to assess the breeding importance of the trait and calculate the coefficients of variation and correlation. These data are necessary for the correct determination of the direction of selections.

The objective of the invention is to find ways to reduce labor costs and time for conducting structural analysis.

This opportunity is provided by the methodology developed in the Volga NIISS.

The objective of the invention is solved by the exclusion of such time-consuming processes as the collection, labeling, transportation and storage of sheaf samples.

The method is as follows.

The density of the productive stalk is determined by counting the stalks of stalks in a fixed area of one square meter in the field. Work can be started after earing.

One of the employees processes up to 100 control plots with an area of one square meter per working day. At the same time, plants are dug out from the middle part of the control plot in a typical place, and ten of them, without a choice, calculate the total number of productive and unproductive stems.

The height of the plants is measured directly on the root in 3-5 typical places of the plot, straightening the lodged and drooping plants, the average of all measurements is recorded in the notebook.

For the analysis of the elements of the spike productivity, 30-50 spikes are cut off at sample sites, which are placed in a paper bag with a label and sent to the laboratory to determine the spike length, the number of spikelets and grains in the spike, the weight of grains from the spike and grain size.

For example, if required, for biometric calculations, the analysis of each ear is carried out separately.

This is due to the large number of records, the calculation of the amount, if this is not necessary, the work is significantly accelerated and facilitated, the number of spikelets in an ear is counted for all ears in a row, the total length of all ears is determined by sequentially overlapping them one after another on a measuring ruler.

Then the ears are threshed together, the grain is weighed, the number of grains is counted. With this method of analyzing the length of the spike, the number of spikelets in the spike, the spike productivity is calculated by simply dividing the obtained total indicators by the number of ears.

The mass of 1000 grains can be determined by dividing the mass of grains by the number of grains and multiplying by 1000.

The proposed method provides a reduction in the complexity, eliminates the error introduced by breakage, threshing and damage to the ears during transportation and storage of demolitions. In addition, when selecting plants for analysis from a sheaf, it is impossible to determine in the extreme or middle rows, in typical or atypical places, they have grown.

Of course, elements of subjectivity are also possible in the selection of ears by our method.

To eliminate this, it is advisable to instruct one employee to select ears of corn in the whole experiment, or at least in whole in one repetition.

The proposed method can also be applied in the evaluation of collection material in the State tests, where recently, analyzes of the elements of the crop structure are carried out only for a limited number of varieties.

It provides reliable results with minimal labor costs, which allows you to annually test 230-250 breeding numbers in the late stages of selection.

Information sources

1. Instructions for testing varietal crops part-1 / Cereals, legumes, oilseeds and spinning crops / M., 1996. S-83.

2. Wheat of the world, M .: "Spike" 1976. 486 p.

Claims (1)

A method of assessing the structure of the crop, including the selection of sheaf samples from plots of one square meter of the control nursery, characterized in that in the middle of the control plot at a typical place they dig plants and ten of them without selection calculate the total number of productive and unproductive stems, while the height the stalks are measured on the root in 3-5 typical places of the plot, straightening laden and drooping plants, then cut off without selection 30-50 ears of corn, which are placed in a paper bag, eketirovat and sent to the laboratory to determine the length of the spike, the number of spikelets and grains in the spike, the mass of grains per spike and the grain size, the number of spikelets in the spike is counted for all ears in a row, the total length of all ears is determined by successively applying them one after another on a measuring ruler, then the ears threshed together, the grain is weighed, the number of grains is counted, while the spike length, the number of spikelets per spike, the spike productivity is calculated by simply dividing the resulting total indicators by the number of ears, and the mass of 1000 grains is determined fissile grains by dividing the mass by the number of grains and multiplying by 1000.