RU2569711C2 - Self-moving working vehicle with device for its maintenance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to self-moving working machines. The vehicle has chassis with the installed on it internal combustion engine (ICE) and transmission, undercarriage comprising wheel or track drive and suspension, working equipment, cabin with operator work place, tool and accessories box for vehicle, and electric equipment, comprising battery and generator, ICE starting system, lighting and alarms, controls and control drives for ICE, transmission and working equipment, sensors of vehicle work and diagnostic parameters, operator panel and information and control electronic controller. In vehicle the technical solutions are implemented, that using the controller and appropriate sensors identify the necessity of maintenance, provide the operator with information necessary for prompt and proper maintenance, and to exclude operator mistakes during maintenance due to monitoring and operator informing about inadmissible conditions and modes of maintenance. Additionally the vehicle is provided with technical devices, including intelligent, making maintenance easier and quicker.

EFFECT: invention ensures time saving relating maintenance under field conditions upon simultaneous improvement of the maintenance conditions, as well as increases the vehicle reliability.

25 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to industrial and agricultural tractors, bulldozers, loaders, graders and other tracked and wheeled self-propelled working vehicles designed for earthmoving, construction, road, agricultural and other works.

A skidding tractor is known, comprising an articulated frame, a power plant, a tiltable cab with a guard, working equipment and a gas tank, characterized in that cutouts are made around the power plant on the front and lower walls of the gas tank, and the cab is equipped with brackets mounted in supports with horizontal the axis can be rotated by means of a hydraulic cylinder for lifting upward, while the cabin enclosure is made of two racks connected to the hood power elements, and the battery and pneumatic system receivers s in boxes installed in the recesses of the wheels, which are fixed on the boxes ladders and railing [1] and [2].

The presence of a reclining cabin, gangways and handrails on this self-propelled machine facilitates its maintenance.

However, on this machine there are no technical means intended for maintenance. Therefore, the indicated facilitation of maintenance is relatively small.

Closest to the proposed one is a self-propelled working machine, made in the form of a tractor with bulldozer equipment, containing the skeleton of a tractor with an internal combustion engine (ICE) mounted on it and a transmission, a running system consisting of a caterpillar mover and a suspension connecting the mover to the skeleton, a tilting cab with the operator’s workplace, a box with tools and accessories intended for the maintenance of the machine, ladders and handrails, which facilitate the maintenance of the machine, and electrical equipment, in the rest of which includes ICE power supply and start systems, lighting and signaling devices, ICE control units, transmission and working equipment, machine operation and control parameters sensors, an operator panel (instrument panel) and an RC6-9 type motion control controller, which is connected controls and actuators and with a part of the sensors of operation and monitoring parameters of the machine, the second part of which is connected to the operator panel [3].

The disadvantage of this machine is the increased time spent on its maintenance in the field, adverse conditions for its implementation, and, accordingly, the reduced reliability of the machine due to the untimely performance and reduced quality of maintenance.

The technical result to which the invention is directed in all its variants is to reduce the time for maintenance of a self-propelled working machine in the field while improving the conditions for its implementation and increasing the reliability of this machine.

On a self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance (bulldozer-loosening unit, grader, loader, scraper, etc.) containing a skeleton with ICE and transmission mounted on it, a running system consisting of a wheel or caterpillar mover and suspension, connecting the mover with the skeleton, working equipment, a cabin with the operator’s workplace, a box with tools and accessories intended for machine maintenance, and electrical equipment, which includes the power supply system (battery battery and generator), ICE start-up system, lighting and signaling devices, ICE controls, transmission and working equipment, operational and diagnostic parameters of the machine, an operator panel and a controller made autonomous or integrated into the operator panel and connected at least with at least one of these control bodies and / or actuators and at least a portion of these sensors, this technical result is achieved due to the fact that at least one of the following is implemented in this machine constituent of technical solutions:

- the controller has autonomous power or the electrical equipment includes an additional controller with autonomous power connected to the sensors of the working and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, and the controller or additional controller determines the need for maintenance or control of its execution and informs the operator about it;

- a controller or an additional controller, by monitoring the electrical voltage between different points of the machine’s “mass” and / or between the machine’s “mass” and the negative power output of any electronic device of the electrical equipment system, detects the conduct of electric welding on the machine with violations of its execution conditions, consisting in carrying out welding without disconnecting the electronic devices of the electrical system or in connecting the grounding cable at a remote distance from the place of welding and then forms edaet on the operator panel or on additional operator panel warning about the inadmissibility of such welding;

- the machine comprises a pneumatic hose cleaner for removing dust, dirt, snow and ice from the undercarriage system, work equipment and / or the machine as a whole;

- the machine, in addition to the battery of the power supply system, contains an additional energy source operating when the engine is stopped (a separate diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine, a pneumatic accumulator pre-filled with compressed air from a compressor connected to the internal combustion engine, or an additional battery pre-charged from the generator) and used for maintenance, as well as for starting the engine, charging the battery of the power supply system, air conditioning in the cab Us and / or illumination of the area of maintenance of the machine;

- the machine contains a heating device adapted to clean the undercarriage system and / or the operating equipment of the machine from snow and ice and using electric energy, diesel fuel energy or thermal energy from the ICE cooling system for its operation;

- the slip sensors of the supporting, supporting rollers and / or driving wheels of the caterpillar propulsion systems of the undercarriage are installed on the machine, made in the form of sensors for their angular velocity, and the controller detects this slippage by comparing the output signals of these sensors with each other or with the output signal of the transmission angular velocity sensor and further generates and transmits to the operator panel a warning signal about the need for maintenance of the running system;

- the temperature sensors of the track rollers, supporting rollers, guide wheels of the tracked drive units of the running system and / or belt pulleys, as well as the ambient temperature sensor are installed on the machine, while the controller determines the need for maintenance of these rollers, wheels or pulleys by detecting their impermissible excess temperature relative to the ambient temperature and then generates and transmits to the operator panel a warning signal about the need for their maintenance;

- the machine is equipped with sensors for slippage or excessive tension of the fan drive belt, generator, air conditioning compressor pump, engine cooling system pump and / or working equipment, made in the form of angular velocity sensors of the driving and driven pulleys connected to the controller, which detects this slippage or excessive tension by calculating the coefficient of slip of the belt using the signals of these sensors and comparing this coefficient with a preset value, as well as forms and transmits to the panel operator warning of the need for the respective belt drive;

- the machine has electrolyte level and / or density sensors in the battery connected to a controller or an additional controller that detects the need for battery maintenance and generates an appropriate information signal for the operator;

- on the machine there is a sensor for monitoring the wear of the knife of the working equipment connected to the controller and made, in particular, in the form of a sensor of the geometric size of this knife in the direction of its wear or an insulated conductor built into the knife and changing its connection with the “mass” of the knife when it is worn to the zone of placement of this conductor in the knife, and the controller determines the need to replace this knife based on the signals of this sensor and generates a warning signal for the operator about the presence of such a need;

- the machine has a fuel, oil, electrolyte level sensor in the internal combustion engine battery or coolant, and the controller detects leakage by monitoring the change in this level over time, taking into account, if necessary, changing this level in accordance with a pre-set fuel consumption rate, oil, electrolyte or coolant during the operation of the machine, and also generates and transmits to the operator panel a warning signal about the presence of this leak;

- the final drive transmission gears are made of planetary gears, and their sun gears are installed with the possibility of their dismantling from the outside of the caterpillar propellers or drive wheels;

- the box with the tool and accessories intended for maintenance is made in a dustproof version, or a dust sensor is installed inside this box, connected to the controller, which generates and sends a warning signal to the operator panel about the violation of the established storage requirements for this tool and accessories;

- the protective grille of the engine cooling system is made with the possibility of its removal without the use of a tool, or tilting and fixing in a position that provides easy access to the radiator, or has a coating that prevents dust from sticking;

- the controller contains a real-time clock and non-volatile memory in which the required time for each maintenance is pre-recorded and provides control of the time for the next maintenance, as well as the generation and transmission of a warning signal to the operator panel about the advance or delay of the actual time of this maintenance relative to the required over a preset value;

- the controller controls the actual load level of the machine using the sensors of its operating parameters and, depending on this level, changes the required time for the maintenance of the machine;

- the machine is equipped with sensors for the level and temperature of the internal combustion engine coolant, with which the controller determines the need for refueling this fluid taking into account its thermal volume expansion and then forms the operator about the need for this refueling;

- the controller contains a real-time clock and non-volatile storage device, in which data on the required maximum load levels and minimum operating time of the machine at these loads at various stages of running the machine are pre-recorded, monitors compliance with the established modes of running the machine, and also generates and transmits to operator panel warning of violation of these modes;

- the machine is equipped with sensors for monitoring the environmental conditions in which the machine runs - the concentration of ICE exhaust gases, the concentration of fuel vapor, dust levels, the concentration of organic solvents, the illuminance of the place of maintenance, wind speed or temperature of parts that may touch the operator during maintenance and the controller compares the output signal of each sensor with the maximum permissible value of the parameter controlled by it, previously recorded in non-volatile storage minal device and further generates and transmits to the panel operator warning violation of the condition;

- to the machine manual, to containers for refueling with coolant, fuel or oil, to tools and accessories used during maintenance, to parts of the machine that are replaced during maintenance or with which maintenance work is carried out, transponders or RFID tags are attached, and on the machine near the place of storage and / or use there is at least one reader connected to a controller that monitors the availability and / or use of this operating manual on the machine, containers, instruments and accessories and parts to which transponders or RFID tags are attached;

- the machine is equipped with sensors for sagging the free branch of each track of the vehicle’s running system in the area between the axles of the guide wheel and the front support roller, between the axes of the support rollers or between the axes of the rear support roller and the drive wheel or drive sprocket, and the controller compares the value of this sag with a minimum and the maximum permissible values previously recorded in the non-volatile storage device, and then generates and transmits to the operator panel a warning a signal indicating the need to tension or loosen the track and / or a control signal to drive the track tension;

- the controller is equipped with a non-volatile memory device in which the coordinates of the site on which the maintenance is to be carried out are pre-recorded, and the machine is equipped with a GPS / GLONASS receiver connected to the controller, which compares the current location of the machine with the coordinates of the location of its maintenance and then generates and transmits to operator panel information signal about the location of the machine on the specified site;

- the controller is equipped with a non-volatile storage device in which the minimum permissible oil temperature is pre-recorded at which it can be drained during maintenance, and compares the measured oil temperature with the minimum acceptable and then generates and transmits to the operator panel an information signal about the possibility of oil draining at the current value of its temperature, moreover, the sensor for monitoring the temperature of the oil when it is drained during maintenance, is made, in particular, of thermal bimetal cyclically and is adapted for blocking draining of the oil channel;

- the controller is equipped with a real-time clock and non-volatile memory device in which the standard value of the average daily or minimum ambient temperature is prerecorded at which seasonal maintenance is required, and using the ambient temperature sensor it determines the average daily or minimum value of the ambient temperature, compares it with normative value and further generates and transmits to the operator panel an information signal about the need to s seasonal TO;

- the machine is equipped with longitudinal and transverse tilt sensors of the machine, as well as oil or coolant level sensors, and in the non-volatile memory of the controller the dependence of the actual level or amount of oil or coolant on the measured values of this level and the tilt of the machine is pre-recorded, then the controller calculates the actual value this level or volume, compares it with the minimum acceptable level or volume previously recorded in non-volatile storage minal device and further generates and transmits to the operator panel information signal the need for refueling machine oil or a cooling liquid;

- hydraulic drives of the working equipment are equipped with mechanical stops fixing the working equipment in its raised position or in the suspended position of the machine, providing improved access to the machine during maintenance;

- the wrench used during maintenance is equipped with a device for blocking the transmission of the moment created by this key during operation of the internal combustion engine and / or a device for remotely transmitting a signal about the presence of the moment created by this key to the controller, which generates the stop signal of the internal combustion engine, or a warning signal for the operator about the inadmissibility of maintenance when the engine is running, and the specified device for blocking the transmission of torque, is implemented, in particular, on the basis of the reception of acoustic noise by the device ICE and / or radio operation of the internal combustion engine transmitted by the controller;

- the machine contains a self-powered traction winch or, if a hydrostatic transmission (GST) is used on the machine, an additional self-powered pumping unit connected to transmission hydraulic motors, the traction winch or pump unit providing the ability to move the machine to a maintenance or repair site or for loading onto a vehicle with an idle engine;

- the accessories intended for maintenance include a filling device for filling the engine ICE coolant, oil and / or fuel, equipped with a means for measuring the quantity, composition and / or quality of the liquid to be poured, connected via a wireline or wireless connection to the controller, which ensures the formation of and transmitting to the operator panel information signals about the quantity, composition and / or quality of the liquid being poured;

- accessories intended for maintenance and having autonomous power supply independent of ICE operation include a high pressure washer with a centrifugal pump for pumping washing liquid, a container for washing liquid and / or a heating device for heating the washing liquid;

- the accessories intended for maintenance include a portable lifting device adapted for mounting and dismounting parts and / or mechanisms of a machine weighing more than 20 kg.

In addition, in order to achieve the specified technical result, as well as additional improvement of the machine, on it in particular:

- the controller and / or additional controller contains a built-in parameter recorder implemented using a real-time clock and non-volatile memory device, in which the signals of the sensors of the operating and diagnostic parameters of the machine are recorded, the results of processing these signals, information and warning signals for the operator, as well as the time of change these signals or the time of their recording, and the controller and non-volatile storage device are arranged to read recorded data in case of necessity;

- at least one sensor of the operating and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, in particular, simultaneously connected to the controller and to the additional controller, is configured to operate without a power source or power supply circuit of this sensor connected to an autonomous power source;

- the machine is additionally equipped with position sensors of mechanical stoppers that fix the working equipment in its raised position or in the suspended position of the machine, connected to a controller that is adapted to generate and transmit to the operator panel a warning signal about the absence of these stops during maintenance;

- traction winch or self-powered pump unit, adapted to move or load the machine onto the vehicle with the engine not working, have an electric drive from the battery or a mechanical drive from an additionally installed diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine;

- a means of measuring the quantity, composition and / or quality of the filling liquid of a filling device is implemented as a flow meter or digital computer with sensors for dielectric permittivity, density, heat capacity, temperature, viscosity, sound propagation velocity and / or optical transparency of the filled liquid, and digital the calculator determines the composition and / or quality of the liquid being poured using functional dependencies between the measured parameters of the liquid being poured and its by becoming and / or quality previously recorded in the non-volatile memory of the digital computer;

- the controller, the operator panel, the controls of the internal combustion engine, transmission and / or working equipment, as well as the sensors of the operating and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, are interconnected by a serial digital data bus made with the physical layer of the industrial area Controller Area Network, abbreviated CAN, defined in ISO 11898, and with the implementation of the high-level protocol CANopen, or DeviceNet, or CAN Kingdom, or L 939;

- the operator panel contains graphic, symbolic and / or electromechanical devices for displaying information about the parameters and operating modes of the machine and / or about the parameters and conditions for its maintenance, sound and / or light signaling devices of their limit states and controls for the operator panel and / or machine, as well as a device for interfacing with a serial digital data bus;

- at least one control element of the internal combustion engine, transmission or working equipment, is made in the form of a joystick, control device or pedal and comprise a device for interfacing with a serial digital data bus;

- the machine, made in the form of a bulldozer unit, a bulldozer-ripping unit, a grader, loader or scraper, is additionally equipped with a towing device or a power take-off shaft, to which additional devices adapted for use during machine maintenance can be attached.

The implementation of one of these distinguishing features of the invention, as well as several alternative distinguishing features in any combination at the same time, allows you to create a self-propelled working machine, characterized by a reduced time for its maintenance in the field and, at the same time, improved conditions for this maintenance and increased reliability of the machine.

Technical solutions characterized by various alternative features of the invention indicated in the formula and ensuring the achievement of the same technical result include solutions that allow, with the help of the controller and appropriate sensors of working and / or diagnostic parameters, to timely, efficiently and reliably identify the need for maintenance, provide the operator with the information necessary for the most expeditious and proper maintenance, eliminate operator errors during maintenance for account for monitoring and informing the operator about unacceptable conditions and modes of maintenance, provide the operator with a variety of technical, including intelligent, devices for maintenance.

The correctness and timeliness of the maintenance directly affects the reliability of the machine. Therefore, their control with the recording of relevant data in the parameter logger is a disciplining factor for the operator, contributing to both improving the maintenance and preventing the operation of the machine that has not passed the next maintenance, which also provides an increase in its reliability.

In those cases where the effect of individual alternative distinguishing features of the invention on the technical result achieved requires further explanation, the presence of this causal relationship is additionally shown in the description of the operation of the proposed self-propelled working machine.

The drawing shows its simplified diagram.

A self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance contains a skeleton on which an internal combustion engine 1 and transmission 2 are mounted, a running system consisting of a wheel or caterpillar mover 3 and a suspension connecting the mover to the skeleton, a cabin 4 with an operator’s workstation, work equipment 5, as well as an electrical system, which may also be referred to as a machine monitoring and control system. It includes at least a power supply system made in the form of a battery and a generator, an engine start-up system, lighting and signaling devices, organs 6 and drives 7 for controlling an engine 1, transmission 2 and / or working equipment 5, an operator panel 8 and controller 9.

Transmission 2 may be mechanical, hydromechanical, hydrostatic or electric.

Controls 6, depending on the version of the control drives 7 of the internal combustion engine, transmission and working equipment 5, can be made in the form of electric joysticks, hydraulic control units, mechanical levers, switches, etc.

To control the operation of the internal combustion engine 1, transmission 2 and working equipment 5 from the controller 9, including to block their operation (forced stop of the internal combustion engine and the machine as a whole), the drives 7 can have additional electrical control inputs. For example, the hydraulic control actuator 7 may include an electro-hydraulic valve, when the voltage is removed from which the movement of the mechanism controlled by it is blocked.

The controller 9, mainly electronic microprocessor, can also be called a control unit, a control controller, a microprocessor controller, etc., which is not of fundamental importance.

The controller 9 includes a non-volatile storage device (memory unit) 10, a real-time clock 11, a digital computer 12 and an information input / output device 13 that performs the functions of a wired or wireless interface when exchanging information with a reader (reader) 14 transponders or RFID tags fifteen.

The main functional blocks of the controller 9 can be implemented based on a microcontroller. In particular, in the form of a single chip non-volatile memory device 10, a real-time clock 11, a digital computer 12 and a signal part of an information input / output device 13 can be implemented.

The reader (reader) 14, used to identify and determine the presence and location of various elements and devices used during maintenance, makes contactless reading of information from transponders or RFID tags 15 and transfers this information to controller 9, as well as, if necessary, write to the transponders or RFID tags information transmitted by the digital computer 12.

The data reader of the parameter logger 16 can be made autonomous, for example, in the form of a USB flash drive or an SD card, also in the form of a remote computer terminal providing wired or wireless communication between controller 9 and an external computer via the Internet, a radio communication channel, and a cellular communication network GSM / 2.5G (GPRS) / 3G / 4G (LTE) / CDMA or satellite mobile communications system.

Sensors 17 of the operating and diagnostic parameters of the machine can be either discrete (threshold, relay) or analog (proportional).

These include, in particular, sensors for the theoretical speed of the port and starboard (sensors for the angular velocity of final drives or drive wheels), traction of the machine, angular velocity of the internal combustion engine, instantaneous fuel consumption or fuel level in the tank, coolant temperature, temperature and pressure in ICE and transmission lubrication system, engine slipping, angular speed of belt pulleys, sagging of free tracks of tracked engines, wear of working equipment knives, temperature of road wheels supporting Cove and guide wheels of the caterpillar drives, etc.

The composition of the sensors 17 may include a navigation or inertial measuring device, made, in the General case, based on a 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer and / or receiver of the global navigation satellite system GPS / GLONASS, which allows to determine (measure) the angles of longitudinal and transverse tilt of the machine (tilt of the dirt surface) and its location.

The sensors 17 characterizing the conditions of the machine maintenance include sensors for the presence of rain, fog, temperature and dust content of the ambient air, the level of external illumination of the maintenance zone, the concentration of ICE exhaust gases, fuel vapor and organic solvents, wind speed and temperature of parts, which are possible operator touch during maintenance.

The composition of the sensors 17 in the General case is determined during the development of the machine depending on its design and the required level of reliability of the machine and the convenience of its maintenance. Their division into sensors of operational and diagnostic parameters is conditional.

The controller 6 and the individual sensors 17 can be autonomous power from a source 18, independent of the power supply system of the machine.

An additional controller can also be installed on the machine, if necessary, with an additional operator panel, connected to an autonomous power source 18, which are used during machine maintenance when the main controller 9 is turned off.

The controller 9, the operator panel 8, the organs 6 and the drives 7 for controlling the engine 1, transmission 2 and working equipment 5, as well as sensors 17 and other electronic or electromechanical devices, if available on the machine, are interconnected, preferably by a serial digital transmission bus data performed with the physical layer of the industrial CAN network (Controller Area Network) defined in ISO 11898, and the high-level CANopen protocol, or DeviceNet, or CAN Kingdom, or J1939. It is also possible to use the LIN digital interface (Local Interconnect Network - an interface for automotive systems), L 850 (SAE), CarLink, VAN, A-bus, RS-232C (COM - port), RS-485 (Recommended Standard 485) , "Current loop", MIDI, MicroLAN, Ethernet, USB, etc.

ICE 1, preferably diesel, may have a separate controller and separate sensors for its operation parameters, which are also connected to the CAN bus or to another serial digital data bus.

It is also possible to use parallel lines (individual wires) to communicate with each other individual electronic devices of the machine.

The operator panel 8 is preferably made on the basis of a microcontroller and contains graphic (for example, color liquid crystal), symbolic and / or electromechanical (arrow) devices for displaying information about the parameters and operating modes of the machine and the conditions for its maintenance, as well as sound and / or warning lights warning the operator of deviations of these parameters beyond the permissible values or of violations of the rules of operation or maintenance of the machine. On the operator panel 8, controls for this panel can be installed, used, for example, to switch the displayed parameters, as well as separate (auxiliary, service, backup) controls of the machine, including its and its working equipment, made, for example, in the form non-contact or quasi-touch keys, buttons or switches.

The machine may also include an autonomous energy source that provides power to devices used during maintenance when the engine is stopped, made in the form of a separate diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine, an air accumulator, an additional battery, etc., as well as a traction winch, portable lifting device, pumping (washing) and refueling units and other devices not conditionally shown in the drawing.

Self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance works as follows.

ICE 1 is a source of energy during the operation of the machine. Its torque with the help of transmission 2 is transmitted to a wheeled or caterpillar mover 3, providing translational movement of the machine and the implementation of those technological operations for which it is intended.

The speed and direction of movement of the machine, as well as its working equipment 5, are controlled by the operator using the controls 6 located in the cabin 4 with the operator’s workplace.

The signals from the control elements 6 are fed to the controller 9, running a program recorded in its non-volatile memory 10, and generating control signals of the drives 7 in accordance with the control actions of the operator. The control of individual drives 7 is also possible without the participation of the controller 9. In this case, hydraulic or mechanical control of these drives is realized.

The controller 9 in the first embodiment, the implementation of the self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance is equipped with an autonomous power source 18 or the electrical equipment of the machine includes an additional controller with an autonomous power source, similarly connected to the sensors of the operating and diagnostic parameters of the machine 17. In this case, the controller 9 or an additional controller determines the need for maintenance or monitors the performance of individual maintenance operations when the power system is off ktrosnabzheniya (when stopped DIC).

Providing the operator with the specified information when the ICE is idle ensures a reduction in the time it takes to perform maintenance and improves its quality.

In the second embodiment of the machine, characterized by the implementation of the second alternative feature of the invention, compliance with the requirements for conducting electric welding on the machine is monitored. For this purpose, the potential difference between different points of the machine, as well as between the minus of the electronic units and the machine body, is monitored, followed by a warning signal to the operator about the inadmissibility of electric welding, if the connectors of the electronic components of the electrical system are not disconnected, the ground switch is disconnected, or if the ground the cable is connected at an increased distance from the weld point (for example, more than 0.6 m). This alternative feature of the invention, the implementation of which allows you to quickly identify and eliminate violations of the rules of electric welding and, accordingly, reduce the time of maintenance and prevent damage to the electronic components of the machine, can be implemented both separately and in combination with the implementation of the first alternative feature.

A machine in which a third alternative feature of the invention is implemented includes a pneumatic hose cleaner for removing dust, dirt, snow and ice from the undercarriage system, work equipment and / or the machine as a whole, operating with the engine stopped. The presence of such a device leads to an obvious reduction in maintenance time.

The fourth version of the machine involves the implementation of an alternative feature, which consists in the use, in addition to the battery of the power supply system, an additional energy source that works when the engine is stopped. It is used to power a variety of equipment used for maintenance. The mechanization of maintenance leads to an obvious reduction in its duration.

In the fifth embodiment of the machine, in addition to the implementation of the above alternative features, or independently of them, cleaning of the running system and / or working equipment of the machine from snow and ice is implemented by using a heating device, which also reduces the time for maintenance.

In the sixth embodiment of the machine, automatic slippage control of the track rollers, supporting rollers and / or drive wheels of the caterpillar tracks is implemented by measuring their slipping relative to the track chain. This reduces the time required for maintenance due to the exclusion of work with those rollers and wheels whose slippage is absent.

In the seventh embodiment of the machine, the same technical result is achieved by implementing the following alternative feature, characterized by monitoring the overheating of the track rollers, supporting rollers and / or drive wheels of the caterpillar tracks. In particular, due to the lack of lubrication of these rollers or wheels.

In the next version of the machine, which implements an alternative feature, characterized by the automatic control of the tension of the belts of various drives by measuring their slippage (slipping coefficient). The controller 9 takes into account both elastic slip in belt drives and slipping belts. Elastic sliding is observed at any load of the belt drive, and slipping is observed only at overload. At rated load, the slip should not exceed a value of the order of 1%. The controller 9 detects both unacceptably strong tension and overload of the belt drive with a slip of more than 2%, which negatively affects the life of the belts.

Implementation of automatic control of belt tension reduces the time required for maintenance both by accelerating the identification of the need to adjust the belt tension and by providing the operator with information about the necessary change in the magnitude of this tension.

The ninth embodiment of the machine is characterized by the use of electrolyte level and / or density sensors in the battery, which reduces the time spent on maintenance of the battery and the machine as a whole.

In the next version of the machine, the maintenance time is reduced due to the automatic control of the wear of the knife of the working equipment (bulldozer, ripper, etc.) 5 using the appropriate sensor 17 and informing the operator about the need to replace or reinstall this knife in case of its maximum wear.

In another embodiment of the machine, an alternative feature of the invention is implemented, characterized by the automatic control of fuel, oil, electrolyte leaks in the battery and coolant. To this end, the controller 9 monitors the changes in time of the readings of the level sensors of these liquids, if necessary, taking into account the norms of their consumption during normal operation of the machine.

If it is necessary to transport the machine to the place of maintenance when the engine 1 is idle, in order to facilitate and, accordingly, accelerate the transportation of the machine by tow, in the next version of the machine with planetary final drive gearboxes, sun gears are installed in the gearboxes with the possibility of dismantling them from the outside of the tracked propellers or driving wheels 3. In other words, final drives are made with the possibility of mechanical separation by removing the sun gears.

Tools and accessories, including buckets, funnels, filters, hoses and other equipment used during maintenance, traditionally require cleaning from contamination (flushing).

In order to exclude this time, the machine in the next embodiment contains a box with a tool and accessories intended for maintenance, structurally made according to the level of penetration of foreign objects into it no worse than in a dustproof version, or a dust sensor 17 is installed inside this box There is an alarm system about the possibility of dust entering this box.

In another embodiment of the machine, which implements the following alternative inventions, which reduces the time required for maintenance, the use of a protective grille for the engine cooling system with the possibility of removing it without the use of a tool, or tilting and fixing in a position that provides easy access to the radiator, or this grating is coated to prevent dust from adhering to it

In practice, a certain deviation of the actual frequency (advance or delay) of the maintenance from the established, for example, no more than ± 10%, is allowed.

In order to exclude the time spent on identifying the need for maintenance, as well as establishing an allowable shift in the beginning of its execution for the most convenient period of time, in the next embodiment of the machine using the controller 9, equipped with a real-time clock 11, the advance or delay of the actual time of the maintenance relative to required over a pre-set value.

An effective way to reduce the time spent on maintenance is to optimize the maintenance period, namely, changing the maintenance period (time) depending on the load on the machine.

For example, in the case of operation of the bulldozer in difficult conditions (loosening and subsequent bulldozing of blasted rock and frozen soils, bulldozing of category III-IV soils, rooting out stumps with a diameter of 200-400 mm, removing boulders and stones with significant dynamic loads), it is advisable to reduce the actual frequency of MOT from the established, for example, by 20%. If the load is small, then in the next embodiment of the machine using the controller 9 is an increase in the period of maintenance.

The control of the level of the internal combustion engine coolant is inconvenient and costly due to the increased volumetric thermal expansion of this liquid, since the level of this liquid does not provide unambiguous information about the need for its refueling during maintenance.

For these reasons, in yet another embodiment of the machine, in which another alternative feature of the invention is implemented, sensors 17 of the level and temperature of the liquid in the engine cooling system are installed on the machine. The controller 9 detects the need for refueling this fluid, taking into account the measured level and thermal volume expansion of this fluid and then informs the operator about this, transmitting the corresponding warning signal to the operator panel 8.

In the engine break-in mode, it is necessary to sequentially operate the engine at idle (for example, for 15 minutes), operate the machine with a small engine load (for example, with a load of up to 30% of the rated power for 10 hours), and then the machine, for example, with a load of internal combustion engines up to 75% of rated power for, for example, 40 hours. In order to simplify the maintenance of the machine and reduce the time of its implementation in the next embodiment of the machine, the controller 9 contains a real-time clock 11 and a non-volatile memory 10, in which data on the required maximum load levels and the minimum machine operating time at these loads at various stages are preliminarily recorded engine break-in. The controller 9 monitors the actual load of the machine using the sensors of its operating parameters 17, determines the average load at each stage of the break-in machine and then generates and transmits to the operator panel 8 warning signals about the violation of the required break-in modes of the machine.

Maintenance time can be reduced by identifying and eliminating adverse conditions for it. To achieve these goals, the machine is equipped with sensors 17 for monitoring environmental conditions in which the maintenance is performed, in particular, sensors for the concentration of ICE exhaust gases or fuel vapors, dust levels, organic solvents concentration, illuminance of the maintenance site, wind speed and temperature of parts that may be touched by the operator during maintenance. At the same time, the maximum permissible values of the monitored parameters are pre-recorded in the non-volatile memory 10, and the controller 9 generates and transmits warning signals to the operator panel about the excess of these maximum permissible values and, accordingly, about the violation of the conditions for maintenance.

In another embodiment of the machine, in order to accelerate the maintenance and improve the convenience of its implementation, the availability of the machine and the correct location and use of the machine manual, containers for refueling with coolant, fuel and oil, tools and accessories used during maintenance are monitored and machine parts that are replaced during maintenance or with which maintenance work is carried out. For this, radio frequency identification methods are used - transponders or RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) 15 and their readers 14.

In the next version of the machine, automatic control of the tension of the tracks of the undercarriage is implemented, which reduces the time for their maintenance. The machine is equipped with sensors for the amount of sagging of the free branch of each track in the area between the axles of the guide wheel and the front support roller, between the axes of the support rollers or between the axes of the rear support roller and the drive wheel or drive sprocket. The controller 9 compares the values of this sagging with the minimum and maximum permissible values (for example, 30 and 50 mm) previously recorded in the non-volatile memory 10, and then generates and transmits to the operator panel 8 warning signals about the need to tension or weaken the track 3, or signals drive control 7 track tension.

The most convenient, efficient and safe is the maintenance of the machine on a specially equipped site. In the next version of the machine, in order to accelerate its movement to this site, the coordinates of this site are pre-recorded in the non-volatile storage device 10 of the controller 9, and the machine is equipped with a GPS / GLONASS receiver, the signals of which are used by the controller 9 to inform the operator about the location of the machine on the specified site.

On the machine in the next version of its execution, in which an alternative feature of the invention is implemented, characterized by the control of the conditions for oil drainage, the prevention of attempts of this discharge at low temperatures is ensured.

Used oil must be drained from the systems, components and assemblies of the machine immediately after the engine stops, until they have cooled down. Otherwise, due to the increase in the viscosity of the oil, attempts to drain it lead to unproductive time. For this purpose, the minimum permissible value of the oil temperature at which it is allowed to drain during maintenance is recorded in the non-volatile memory 10. The controller 9 compares the measured temperature value of the oil in the transmission, ICE or drive 7 of the working body 5 with the minimum acceptable value and then generates and transmits to the operator panel 8 an information signal about the possibility of draining the oil at the current value of its temperature.

In the next embodiment of the machine, automatic determination of the time of seasonal technical maintenance (STO) is realized upon transition to the spring-summer and autumn-winter season of operation, when the ambient temperature is set, for example, not lower or not higher than 5 ° С. For this purpose, the controller 9 is equipped with a real-time clock 11 and a non-volatile memory 10, in which the standard value of the average daily or minimum ambient temperature is recorded at which seasonal maintenance is required. The controller determines the average daily or minimum daily value of this temperature, compares it with the standard value and then informs the operator about the need for seasonal maintenance.

During maintenance, the oil and coolant level must be checked on a flat horizontal platform, which requires additional time for moving the machine to this site. In order to exclude these costs and, accordingly, the time of the maintenance, the next embodiment of the machine uses sensors of longitudinal and transverse inclination of the machine, as well as oil or coolant level sensors. In the non-volatile storage device 10, the dependence of the actual level or amount of oil or coolant on the measured values of this level and the slope of the machine is pre-recorded. This allows the controller 9 to calculate the actual values of this level or volume regardless of the roll (tilt) of the machine and, accordingly, generate an information signal about the need to refuel the machine with oil or coolant without moving the machine to a horizontal platform.

The next embodiment of the machine involves equipping the hydraulic drives of the machine’s working equipment with mechanical stoppers equipped with their position sensors and fixing the working equipment in its raised position or in the suspended position of the machine, which provides improved access to the machine during maintenance and a reduction in the time it takes.

Carrying out a number of maintenance work, for example, tightening pipe fittings and sleeve nuts, is safe only when the engine is stopped. To fulfill this condition, in another embodiment of the machine, lockable wrenches are used. The inclusion or blocking of the transmission of the moment created by these keys is carried out, in particular, by the acoustic noise of the internal combustion engine.

To accelerate the maintenance of the machine when the internal combustion engine is inoperative and it is necessary to move the machine to a site specially equipped for maintenance, it is possible to implement a machine with a self-powered traction winch or, if a hydrostatic transmission is used on the machine, with an additional pump unit with autonomous power supply connected to transmission hydraulic motors.

The acceleration and facilitation of maintenance in the next embodiment of the machine is achieved due to the fact that the refueling device designed to fill the engine ICE coolant, oil and / or fuel is equipped with a means of operational control or measuring the quantity, composition or quality of the liquid being poured.

Accessories intended for maintenance and having power independent of the operation of the internal combustion engine may include a high pressure washer with a centrifugal pump for pumping washing liquid, a container for washing liquid and / or a device for heating it. Installing such a device on the machine leads to a reduction in maintenance time by eliminating the need to move the machine to a stationary washing device.

In the last version of the machine, in which the last alternative feature of the claims is implemented, the accessories intended for maintenance include a lifting device adapted for mounting and dismounting parts and / or mechanisms of a machine weighing more than 20 kg. If necessary, with special grips (pulling devices). The use of such a device also leads to acceleration and facilitation of the maintenance of the machine.

Each of the listed alternative features of the invention on the machine can be implemented separately (only this feature), or in conjunction with any other alternative features of the invention in any combination thereof.

For specialists in the art it is clear that in addition to the self-propelled working machine described, other options for its implementation are also possible on the basis of the features set forth in the claims.

Information sources

1. RU 29703 U1, B62D 55/00, 05.27.2003.

2. RU 2467907, B62D 33/067, 11.27.2012.

3. Tractor ТС 10. Operation manual for ТС 10.00.00.000 РЭ, Kharkov: JSC Kharkov Tractor Plant named after S. Ordzhonikidze ", 2008. 114 p. // www.tractor-xtz.ru/data/manuals/instr-TC10.pdf

Claims (25)

1. Self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance, comprising a skeleton with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and transmission mounted on it, a running system consisting of a wheel or caterpillar mover and a suspension connecting the mover with the skeleton, work equipment, a cab with a working the operator’s place, a box with tools and accessories intended for the technical maintenance of the machine, and the electrical equipment, which includes at least the power supply system, is made I in the form of a battery and generator, engine start-up system, lighting and signaling devices, engine and / or transmission control units and drives, and / or working equipment, sensors of the operating and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, an operator panel and an autonomous controller or integrated in an operator panel, the controller being connected to at least one of said organs and / or control drives, and at least a part of said sensors connected to the controller and / or operator panel, characterized in that in first implemented at least one of the following technical solutions:
a) the controller is equipped with an autonomous power source or the electric equipment of the machine includes an additional controller with an autonomous power source connected to at least one of the sensors of the working and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, and the controller or additional controller is configured to determine the need for execution or execution control at least one maintenance operation of the machine when the power supply system is off and / or when the engine is stopped, as well as the formation and transfer to the operator’s lack of information on the additional operator’s panel about the need to perform or on the performance of this maintenance operation;
b) the controller or additional controller is configured to measure or control the electrical voltage at least between different points of the core or the "mass" of the machine, and / or between the "mass" of the machine and the negative power terminal of the controller or additional controller, and / or the operator panel, and / or at least one sensor of the operating or diagnostic parameters of the machine, the controller or additional controller adapted to detect, based on the results of measurement or control of this voltage, hostname electric welding machine without disconnecting electrical power supply and / or connecting a grounding cable to a remote distance from the weld area and also for generating and transmitting to an operator panel or to an additional operator panel alarm unacceptability of such welding;
c) these sensors include slip sensors of the track rollers, and / or supporting rollers, and / or drive wheels of the caterpillar propulsion systems of the undercarriage, made in the form of angular velocity sensors of these rollers and / or wheels, connected to a controller that is capable of detecting this slippage by comparing the output signals of these sensors with each other or with the output signal of the sensor of the angular transmission speed, as well as the subsequent formation and transmission to the operator panel of a warning signal and the need for maintenance of the running system;
g) the composition of these sensors includes temperature sensors of the track rollers, and / or supporting rollers, and / or guide wheels of the caterpillar propulsion system of the undercarriage, and / or pulleys of at least one belt drive, as well as an ambient temperature sensor connected to the controller, which is made with the possibility of determining the need for maintenance of these rollers, or wheels, or pulleys by identifying unacceptable excess of their temperature relative to the temperature of the ambient air, as well as the subsequent formation and transmitting on operator's panel corresponding warning signal for the operator;
d) the controller contains a real-time clock and non-volatile storage device, in which the required time for each maintenance is pre-recorded, and is configured to control the time for the next maintenance, as well as generate and transmit to the operator panel a warning signal about the advance or delay of the actual time of this THAT relative to the required over a predetermined value;
f) the controller contains a real-time clock and non-volatile memory, in which the required time for each maintenance is pre-recorded, and is configured to monitor the actual load of the machine using sensors of its operating parameters, periodically recording the magnitude and time of existence of this load in non-volatile memory, determining the average level of load by processing the recorded data, as well as changing the value of the required time for at least re one maintenance using the dependence of the required maintenance period on the load level of the machine previously recorded in non-volatile memory;
g) the controller contains a real-time clock and non-volatile storage device, in which data on the required maximum load levels and minimum operating time of the machine at these loads at various stages of running the machine are pre-recorded, and is configured to control the actual load of the machine using its working sensors parameters, periodically recording the magnitude and lifetime of this load into a non-volatile storage device, determining the average value of n loading at each stage of running-in the machine by processing the recorded data, comparing the average value obtained with the maximum load level at this stage of running-in the machine, and also generating and transmitting to the operator panel a warning signal about the violation of the required modes of running-in the machine;
h) the controller is equipped with a non-volatile memory device in which the minimum permissible oil temperature is pre-recorded at which it can be drained during maintenance, and these sensors include at least one oil temperature sensor in the transmission, and / or ICE, and / or the drive of the working body, and the controller is adapted to compare the measured oil temperature with the minimum acceptable, as well as the formation and transmission to the operator panel of an information signal about the possibility of and drain the oil, depending on the result of this comparison;
i) the composition of these sensors includes sensors of longitudinal and transverse inclination of the machine, as well as at least one oil or coolant level sensor, and the controller is equipped with non-volatile storage device in which the dependence of the actual level, or amount of oil, or coolant on the measured values of this level and the slope of the machine, and is also configured to calculate the actual value of this level or volume, compare it with the minimum acceptable level Vnem or volume previously recorded in a non-volatile memory device, and the formation and transmission to the operator panel of an information signal about the need to refuel the machine with oil or coolant, depending on the result of this comparison. 2. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the sensors include slippage and / or excessive tension of the fan drive belt, and / or generator, and / or the air conditioning compressor pump, and / or the engine cooling pump, and / or working equipment made in the form of angular velocity sensors of the driving and driven pulleys connected to the controller, which is configured to detect this slippage and / or excessive tension by calculating the belt slip coefficient using a signal of these sensors and comparing this coefficient with a pre-set value, as well as the subsequent generation and transmission to the operator panel of a warning signal about the need for maintenance of the drive, depending on the results of this comparison. 3. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the composition of these sensors includes level sensors and / or density of the electrolyte in the battery, connected to a controller or an additional controller, which is configured to detect the need for maintenance of the battery based on the signals of these sensors , as well as the formation and transmission to the operator panel or to the additional operator panel of a warning signal about the presence of such a need. 4. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the composition of these sensors includes at least one sensor for monitoring wear of the knife of the working equipment connected to the controller, which is configured to detect the need to replace this knife based on the signals of this sensor, as well as forming and transmitting to the operator panel a warning signal about the presence of such a need. 5. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the composition of these sensors includes sagging sensors of the free branch of each track of the running gear of the machine in the area between the axles of the guide wheel and the front support roller, or between the axes of the support rollers, or between the axes of the rear support roller and a drive wheel or drive sprocket connected to the controller, which is configured to compare the magnitude of this sagging with the minimum and maximum allowable values previously recorded in nergonezavisimoe storage device, and generating and transmitting to the panel operator warning of the need to tension or loosening the track and / or control signal hydraulic or electro-hydraulic track tension depending on the results of this comparison. 6. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an energy source adapted to power devices used during maintenance when the engine is stopped, which is made in the form of a separate diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine placed on the machine, or an air accumulator made with the possibility of pre-filling with compressed air from a compressor connected to the internal combustion engine, or an additional battery pre-charged from the generator of the power supply system, air conditioning air in the cab, and / or to illuminate the area of maintenance of the machine. 7. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that the sensor, adapted to monitor the temperature of the oil when it is drained during maintenance, is thermobimetallic and adapted to block the drain channel of this oil. 8. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for measuring the quantity, and / or composition, and / or quality of the filling liquid of the filling device is implemented as a flow meter or digital computer with dielectric permeability and / or density sensors connected to it, and / or heat capacity, and / or temperature, and / or viscosity, and / or sound propagation velocity, and / or optical transparency of the liquid being poured, the digital computer being configured to determine the composition and / or quality of the liquid being poured using Hovhan functional relationships between measured parameters of filled liquid and its composition and / or quality of pre-recorded in the nonvolatile memory of the digital calculator. 9. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one sensor for monitoring environmental conditions in which the machine is performed, which is made in the form of a sensor for the concentration of ICE exhaust gases, or the concentration of fuel vapor, or dust level, or the concentration of organic solvents, or the illumination of the place of the TO, or the wind speed, or the temperature of the parts, which may touch the operator during the TO, connected to the controller, which is made with the possibility of the output signal of this sensor with the maximum permissible value of the parameter controlled by it, previously recorded in non-volatile memory, as well as the generation and transmission to the operator panel of a warning signal about violation of the conditions for maintenance, depending on the results of this comparison. 10. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is equipped with a non-volatile storage device, in which the coordinates of at least one site adapted for maintenance are pre-recorded, the machine being equipped with a satellite navigation receiver connected to the controller, which is configured to comparing the current location of the machine with the coordinates of the location of its maintenance, as well as the formation and transmission to the operator panel of an information signal about the location of the machine at the specified site. 11. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller, the operator panel, the controls of the internal combustion engine, transmission and / or working equipment, as well as the sensors of the working and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, are interconnected by a serial digital data bus, which is made with the physical layer of the Industrial Area Controller Area Network, abbreviated CAN as defined in ISO 11898, and with the implementation of the high-level CANopen protocol, or DeviceNet, or CAN Kingdom, or J1939. 12. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the operator panel contains graphic and / or symbolic and / or electromechanical devices for displaying information about the parameters and operating modes of the machine and / or about the parameters and conditions of its maintenance, sound and / or light signaling devices of their extreme states and controls of the operator panel and / or machine, as well as a device for interfacing with a serial digital data bus. 13. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one control engine of the internal combustion engine, or transmission, or working equipment, is made in the form of a joystick, or control device, or pedal, and also contains a device for interfacing with a serial digital data bus . 14. The machine according to p. 1, characterized in that it is made in the form of a bulldozer unit, or a bulldozer-ripping unit, or a grader, or a loader, or a scraper, and is additionally equipped with a trailing device or power take-off shaft, to which additional devices adapted for use during machine maintenance. 15. A self-propelled working machine with devices for its maintenance, comprising a skeleton with an internal combustion engine (ICE) and a transmission installed on it, a running system consisting of a wheel or caterpillar mover and a suspension connecting the mover with the skeleton, working equipment, a cab with a working operator’s place, a box with tools and accessories intended for technical maintenance of the machine, and electrical equipment, which includes at least a power supply system, made I in the form of a battery and generator, engine start-up system, lighting and signaling devices, engine and / or transmission control units and drives, and / or working equipment, sensors of the operating and / or diagnostic parameters of the machine, an operator panel and an autonomous controller or integrated in an operator panel, the controller being connected to at least one of said organs and / or control drives, and at least a part of said sensors connected to the controller and / or operator panel, characterized in that in it has implemented at least one of the following technical solutions:
a) the machine contains a pneumatic hose cleaner for removing dust, dirt, snow and ice from the undercarriage system and / or working equipment and / or the machine as a whole;
b) the final drive gearboxes are made of planetary gears, and their sun gears are installed in the gearboxes with the possibility of their dismantling from the outside of the caterpillar propellers or drive wheels;
c) to the instruction manual of the machine, and / or to the container for refueling with coolant, and / or to the container for refueling, and / or to the container for refueling, and / or to at least one of the tools and / or accessories used during maintenance and / or at least one part of the machine that is replaced during maintenance or with which maintenance work is carried out, a transponder or RFID tag is attached (in English - Radio Frequency IDentification), and on the machine near the storage location and / or use of this instruction manual, and / or packaging, and / or at least At least one of the tools and / or accessories and / or at least one part contains at least one reader connected to a controller, which is adapted to control the presence on the machine and / or use of this operating manual during maintenance, and / or containers, and / or at least one of the tools and / or accessories, and / or at least one part, as well as for generating and transmitting a warning signal to the operator panel depending on the results of this control;
d) the controller is equipped with a real-time clock and non-volatile storage device, in which the standard value of the average daily or minimum ambient temperature is prerecorded, at which seasonal maintenance is necessary when switching to the spring-summer and fall-winter seasons of the machine’s operation, and these sensors includes an ambient temperature sensor, and the controller is adapted to periodically record the value of the ambient temperature at various times of the day to non-volatile memory, determining the average daily or minimum value of this temperature by processing these records, comparing it with the standard value, and also generating and transmitting to the operator panel an information signal about the need for seasonal maintenance depending on the results of this comparison;
e) the hydraulic drives of the working equipment are equipped with mechanical stoppers that fix the working equipment in its raised position or in the suspended position of the machine, providing improved access to the machine during maintenance;
e) at least one wrench used during maintenance is equipped with a device for blocking the transmission of the moment created by this key during operation of the internal combustion engine and / or a device for remote transmission of a signal about the presence of the moment created by this key to the controller, which is configured to generating and transmitting to the ICE drive a signal for stopping it, or generating and transmitting to the operator panel a warning signal about inadmissibility of maintenance when the ICE is running. 16. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it, in addition to the battery of the power supply system, contains an energy source configured to operate when the engine is stopped and adapted to power the devices used for maintenance. 17. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it contains a heating device adapted to clean the running system and / or working equipment of the machine from snow and ice. 18. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that the protective grille of the engine cooling system is made with the possibility of its removal without the use of a tool, or tilting and fixing in a position that provides easy access to the radiator, or has a coating that prevents dust from sticking. 19. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it contains a traction winch with autonomous power supply or, if a hydrostatic transmission is used on the machine, an additional pump unit with autonomous power supply connected to the hydraulic motors of the transmission, the traction winch or pump unit being adapted to move the machine to the place of maintenance, or repair, or for loading onto a vehicle with an idle engine. 20. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it includes a high pressure washer with a centrifugal pump for pumping the washing fluid, having autonomous power independent of the operation of the internal combustion engine, and / or a container for washing fluid, and / or a heating device washing fluid. 21. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it includes a lifting device adapted for mounting and dismounting parts and / or mechanisms of the machine. 22. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that the device for blocking the transmission of torque created by a wrench used during maintenance is implemented on the basis of the reception by this device of blocking the acoustic noise of an internal combustion engine and / or a radio signal about the operation of the internal combustion engine transmitted by the controller. 23. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it additionally has position sensors for mechanical stoppers that fix the working equipment in its raised position or in the suspended position of the machine, connected to a controller that is adapted to generate and transmit a warning signal to the operator panel the absence of these stops during maintenance. 24. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with at least one sensor for monitoring environmental conditions in which the machine is performed, which is made in the form of a sensor for the concentration of internal combustion engines, or the concentration of fuel vapor, or dust level, or the concentration of organic solvents, or the illumination of the site of the TO, or the wind speed, or the temperature of the parts that may be touched by the operator during the TO, connected to the controller, which is configured to compare varying the output signal of this sensor with the maximum permissible value of the parameter it controls, previously recorded in non-volatile memory, as well as generating and transmitting to the operator panel a warning signal about violation of the conditions for maintenance, depending on the results of this comparison. 25. The machine according to p. 15, characterized in that the controller is equipped with non-volatile storage device, in which the coordinates of at least one site adapted for maintenance are pre-recorded, the machine is equipped with a satellite navigation receiver connected to the controller, which is configured to comparing the current location of the machine with the coordinates of the place of its maintenance, as well as the formation and transmission to the operator panel of an information signal about the location of the machine at the specified site .