RU2568395C2 - Open sight for high-precision firing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapon and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to open sights for small arms and is intended for high-precision firing in day time and in conditions of limited visibility. The open sight for small arms has the front sight which is the operational screen (1) in the rigid housing with the scale of lateral corrections (6) and the two-dimensional scale (8) for determination of distance to the target, and the back sight is the aiming mark. The sight is implemented with a possibility of movement depending on the sighting eye of a shooter. By means of the screw with inverse bilateral thread the adjustment of position of the operational screen by height is performed. Divisions of the scale of lateral corrections of the operational screen are implemented in the form of isosceles triangle with the top 68°53' and are fitted with light-emitting diodes with lowered luminescence. The back sight is also implemented in the form of isosceles triangle with the top 68°53' and fitted with the light-emitting diode. For sighting by the height either the filament, or the extended light-emitting diode is used. The power unit placed in the sight housing contains fixed and variable resistors.

EFFECT: uniform implementation of the sight both for firing in day time, and in conditions of limited visibility, downsizing, simplified installation and fastening.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to open sights for small arms and is intended for high-precision shooting during the day and in conditions of limited visibility.

A known prototype of the invention is a patent for the invention No. RU 2383847 C2 "Open sight for small arms." As a front sight, it has an operating screen in a rigid case, mounted in a cradle on a rack of the barrel of a weapon with the possibility of its movement depending on the shooter's leading eye, its adjustment in the lateral direction and height, and the extension of the aiming line. The rear sight is made in the form of a crosshair, the aiming bar is inverted, extending the pre-prismatic line to a normal value. The operating screen includes a two-dimensional scale for determining the range to the target and a scale of lateral corrections in the divisions of the goniometer.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- the need to select the thickness of the crosshairs, depending on the visual acuity of the shooter;

- bright direct sunlight enhances the phenomena of spherical and chromatic light aberration of the human eye, distorting the thickness of the crosshair lines and the goniometric value of the lateral corrections, which leads to errors of 0.1 thousandths of firing range or more;

- the rectangles of the lateral correction scale in 60% of cases cover most of the target and do not allow accurate fire at targets when, according to the shooting conditions, the aiming point must be raised above the target;

- the aiming error of 0.1331 thousandth on WB with a dispersion diameter of up to 28 mm when firing at 100 meters and 0.1815 on W (38 mm), does not allow for maximum alignment of the dispersion of the barrel with the reference point of the calibrated target when shifting the weapon, to shift the aiming point adjusted for derivation of a bullet’s flight;

- the body of the operating screen is cumbersome in width and complex in design;

- mounting the cradle to the scope of the sight requires simplification.

Another prototype is also known: the patent for the invention of the author No. RU 2401969 C2 "Open sight for shooting in conditions of limited visibility", mounted on an open sight, and which consists of an LED side correction scale with a power supply and a resistor of 25-40 Ohms, as well as an LED pointed triangle as a sight with a 140 ohm resistor.

The disadvantages of this prototype:

LED scale is limited to lateral corrections of 7 thousandths;

- the narrow peak of the LED triangle of the sight in most people gives an error in height of up to 0.1-0.2 thousandth;

LED rectangles of the lateral correction scale, as well as the day sight, cover most of the target, do not allow, if necessary, to raise the aiming point above the target;

- the electric circuit of the sight does not have variable resistors to adjust the brightness of the LED glow and increase the operating time of the sight in conditions of limited visibility;

- additional installation time costs for a day sight. The main objectives of the invention are:

- reduce the aiming error of the shooter when shooting the weapon to the minimum value in order to maximize the possible alignment of the control point of the alignment target with the scattering centers of the barrel and the center of dispersion due to the aiming error of the shooter, as well as the displacement of the control point taking into account the derivation of the bullet’s flight;

- to provide a quick transition from firing during the day to firing at night and in conditions of limited visibility;

- reduce the dimensions and weight of the sight;

- provide a clear vision of the target, aiming point and sight, reduce errors when shooting, taking into account wind corrections, target movement taken through 0.25, not 0.5 thousandths and corrections to the height of the bullet’s flight path, increase the shooting reality of small arms by 1 , 5 times.

The alleged technical result:

- median aiming error when shooting a weapon 100 m from a prone position on a reconciliation target with a width of two thousandths - 0.08-0.09 thousandths on Wb and not more than 0.13 thousandths on BB;

- reduction of the above aiming errors in trained shooters having high visual sensitivity and visual acuity;

- the error of aiming the arrow on the table conditions of shooting - not more than ± 0.125 thousandths;

- a clear vision of the sight, target and aiming point, including in cases where the aiming point must be taken above the target;

- bringing the dispersion of the barrel to the reference point of the reconciliation target, taking into account the derivation of the bullet’s flight at different shooting distances, with the best shooters with Еср = ± 1 cm per 100m;

- defeat by a single fire, the first shot, in tabular firing conditions, with the accuracy of the battlefield AKM - 60 mm per 100 meters: head figure, target number 5a up to 250 meters, chest figure up to 480 m, height figure up to 530 m, and with more high-quality barrel and more. This technical result is achieved by the fact that the divisions of the side corrections of the front sight in the upper part of their bases are made in the form of an isosceles triangle with a vertex of 68 ° 53 '' and the fact that the rear sight is made in the form of the same triangle, through the top of which a high-strength thread passes for sighting sight, lateral correction and aiming points in height. For a clear collimation of aiming points with arrows with low visual acuity, an artificial pupil was used. The sight reduces the amount of work of the visual analyzer arrow to two and its aiming error.

In order to reduce the time to switch to night shooting, simplify the design and increase shooting capabilities in conditions of limited visibility, the sight has a single design for both day shooting and shooting in conditions of limited visibility. Simplified adjustment of the sighting line in height, installation and connection of the cradle to the rack. The operating time of the reduced LED glow is increased by 3-5 times, due to lowering the resistance of the variable resistors of the sight and extending the life of the battery to 30 hours. The sight is reduced in weight and dimensions.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 - front sight on a rack with a cradle;

- figure 2 is the back side of the operating screen (without the upper housing cover) connected to a unit having departments for regulating the power of the lowered LED glow; regulation of the operational screen in height and power department;

- figure 3, the rear sight, made in the form of an isosceles rectangle with a thread of sight passing through its top;

- in FIG. 4 - aiming when sighting weapons with an artificial pupil;

- figure 5 - aiming with a lead of 2 thousandths with the reverse removal of the sight and target from the aiming point that covers the target.

The front sight consists of an operating screen housing (OE) 1, a cradle for an OE housing 2 with 6 mm screws 3 for adjusting the position of the OE along Wb. The cradle has an opening with a 6 mm thread and a supporting protrusion 4 for rigidly mounting the cradle with a stand 5.

The lateral correction scale (SBP) of the operating screen 6 has six divisions of rectangles, the upper part of which is made in the form of an isosceles triangle. The vertices of the triangles have an angle of 68 ° 53 ''. The base of the triangle has a width of 2 thousandths of the distance from the eye of the shooter. The rectangle that serves as the base of the triangles has a height of 2 thousandths, and the sides of the two central ones have a height of 3 thousandths. The intervals between the divisions of the lateral correction scale have a width of 2 thousandths from the eye of the shooter. The metal base of the ShBP has a fiberglass plate. At the bottom of the triangles 6 LEDs 7 are inserted. On the left side of the OE there is a two-dimensional scale for determining distances to targets at distances of 300, 400, 500 meters 8, and to the right of the center of the OE there is a scale for determining distances at distances of 600, 700, 800 meters. The base of the OE case has a thickness of 5-6 mm, a length of 30-35 mm and a width of 16 to 25 mm, depending on the length of the sighting lines of the weapon, the LEDs have an orange glow. At a distance of 12-15 mm from the proximal edge, a groove is made at the base with a depth of 3 and a width of 1 mm in order to lower the OE in height. The top cover of the OE case is made 1 mm thick, solid, curved in the upper part, has an opening for adjusting the screen position in height and the resistance level of a variable resistor. The base is connected to the cradle through the hole 10 provided therein. The lower part of the OE cover has protrusions, and the housing base has ports for faster and more durable connection of the upper cover to the OE 11 base according to the dovetail type.

The center of the OE 9 is connected to the adjusting unit of FIG. 2, which has sections of resistors 12, adjusting the OE by height 13 and power 14. The width of the unit is 8-10 mm, the length is 20 mm, and the height is 4-5 mm. To reduce the brightness of the glow and increase it in the conditions of a discharge of batteries, the resistor section has a constant resistance of 20 ohms and a variable of 20 ohms. The department for adjusting the OE in height represents the holes in the base of the OE body and the middle of the adjusting unit having a multidirectional thread, into which a screw with an upper slot for adjusting the height of the screen and having the same multidirectional thread is inserted on the reverse sides. The power section 14 has two batteries of type G0-379a with a voltage of 1.5 V and a current of 20 mA. The power department has a switch. The OE housing is connected to the cradle with a 6 mm screw 15 with a thread pitch of 1 mm.

The rear sight (Fig. 3), mounted on the near point of the aiming line, also has the shape of an isosceles rectangle 16 with a vertex of 68 ° 53 '', a fiberglass plate and a green LED 17, a power supply 18 with two GO batteries of 1.5 V and a constant resistor of 100 ohms in a series circuit with a variable resistor of 50 ohms. The base of triangle 16 rests on a rectangle 3 thousandths high from the eye of the shooter. Its width should binocularly overlap the central gap of the SBP, including visual aberration and light interference. The sight can be installed in the sighting device, which sets the aiming angle, for example, instead of maneuvering the aiming plate in the protective case p. 19, which is closed from precipitation and sunlight, the sight is mounted from the center of the traditional sighting line to the left or right by 10-14 mm for firing from the right or left shoulder in accordance with the leading eye of the arrow. In the lower base of the sight housing, two threaded holes are made for screwing in the LED triangle together with the power supply. A variable resistor unit with a power switch 20 is screwed into the second hole.

For visual orientation of the arrow horizontally and aiming height, a strong thread 21 with a thickness of 0.05-0.1 mm is installed in the sight housing at the level of the top of the sight. The filament can be replaced by an incandescent filament in the form of an elongated LED with the value of the resistance of the resistors, depending on its length.

For the purpose of a clear vision of the sight, target and divisions of the goniometric scale, coincidence of the aiming line with the optical axis of central vision, as well as for shooters with low visual acuity, shooting can be carried out in an artificial pupil with a field of view of 1-1.3 °, which can be set in corrective glasses, as well as contact lenses for vision correction. The pupil has the form of a diopter with an outer ring thickness of 0.5-1 °, separating the central vision from the peripheral vision of the retina of item 22.

Weapon sighting in order to reduce the aiming error to a value of ± 1 cm per 100 m and to combine the center of the barrel dispersion with the center of dispersion from the aiming error taking into account the derivation of the bullet’s flight and release the shooter from making additional amendments to the derivation, is carried out by the following method. The internal corner sections of the two central grades of ShBP 23 are closed. The shooter sets the base of the apex of the sight in the center of the side corrections scale of Fig. 4, closing the gap between the central divisions and precisely setting the apex of the triangle of the sight using the sight line to the level of the vertices of adjacent triangles. Summing the top of the sight to the lower edge of the center of the target, with an interval of the thickness of the line of sight, it focuses on the width of the base of the sight brand, the same angular width of the gap between the central divisions of the scale and the sighting target.

In practical conditions, aiming is carried out by combining the point of the apex of the triangle of the rear sight with the lead point found on the side corrections scale and the aiming point on the target, taking into account its displacement in height up and down. Both of the above methods reduce the total aiming error to a value of no more than 0.25 thousandths, take corrections by the same amount and increase the reality of small arms fire by 150-200 meters or more, depending on the quality of the gun barrel, ammunition and the size of the target.

Figure 5 shows the complex case of firing at target No. 5a by the method of retracting the sight and aiming point with a target ahead of 2 thousandths in the lateral direction to the wind to the right, when the mark of the sight coincides with the mark of the scale, and cover the target, and the aiming point must be omitted to the height of the target. To clearly see the target, the shooter moves the mark of the sight 0.5 thousandth to the left, on the 2.5 thousandth scale of the side corrections, the aiming point with the target moves to the mark of 1.5 thousandth to clearly see the target, and the sight with a thread of sight of the target and point aiming lowers to the desired height.

Claims (1)

An open sight for small arms, having as the front sight an operational screen in a rigid case with a side correction scale and a two-dimensional scale for determining the distance to the target, and as a rear sight - an aiming point made with the ability to move the sight depending on the leading eye of the shooter, different the fact that with the help of a screw with a reverse two-sided thread, the position of the operating screen is adjusted in height, while dividing the scale of the lateral corrections of the operating screen is performed They are in the form of an isosceles triangle with a peak of 68 ° 53 'and are equipped with LEDs with lowered glow, the rear sight is also made in the form of an isosceles triangle with a peak of 68 ° 53' and is equipped with an LED, either incandescent filament or an elongated LED is used to sight the sight in height. The power supply located in the sight housing contains constant and variable resistors.

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