RU2566402C1 - Method for determining penetration depth of object into soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method involves dropout of an object from a carrier and recording of its penetration parameters with at least two seismic sensors located at some distance from each other in the zone of probable fall of the object. Fixation of recording times is performed by each sensor of a seismic wave occurring during object penetration into soil. Distances are measured from each sensor to an object fall point. Propagation speed of the seismic wave in the soil near the object fall point is determined. Considering the angle of object approach to earth surface and angles between projection of object movement trajectory onto earth surface and directions from the object fall point to each sensor, depth of object penetration into soil is determined by means of analytical calculations or by graphical build-up.

EFFECT: improving reliable accuracy of measurements required for determination of depth of object penetration into soil.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of measuring equipment, in particular to determining the depth of penetration of an object into the ground.

A known method for determining the parameters of penetration of a missile body into an obstacle, which consists in throwing an assembly containing a missile body installed in a detachable tray with a bottom, a measuring unit located in a missile body, and at least one wire of an electric communication unit, connected at one end with a detachable pallet, and at the other with a measuring unit. In the process of throwing the assembly, the detachable pallet is separated from the missile body on the pallet catcher connected via measuring channels of the electric communication line to the recording equipment, while the detachable pallet is shorted to the specified pallet catcher and the parameters of penetration of the missile body into the barrier are recorded (RF patent No. 2263297 , IPC ⁷ G01N 3/30, published October 27, 2005, bull. No. 30).

The disadvantages of the method for determining the parameters of penetration of a missile body into an obstacle are:

- the need to place shock-resistant measuring equipment in a missile;

- the need to ensure the safety of the electrical connection between the measuring and recording equipment in the process of penetration of the body into the barrier;

- the possibility of applying the method only with guaranteed hit with high accuracy of the throwing body in the trap of the pallet.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method for determining the parameters of penetration of an object into the soil, used when the probe is used to study the properties of the soil, which contains a housing with recording equipment placed in it, a detachable stabilizer shank with transmitting radio equipment and a wired communication line node. The probe is dropped from an airplane or helicopter over the study area. Under the influence of gravity, the probe accelerates and penetrates the ground. At the initial stage of implementation, the stabilizer shank is separated from the probe body. A shank with transmitter and antenna remains on the surface. The body with a pointed nose continues to move deep into the studied array. The cable of the wired link assembly is unwound. The recording equipment inside the case records the penetration parameters (soil characteristics). Information on the cable is transmitted to the shank equipment and then through the antenna in the form of radio signals to the external receiving equipment (RF patent No. 2111476, IPC ⁶ G01N 3/30, published on 05/20/1998).

Using the information obtained, for example, the values of the overloads acting on the probe as a function of time, the penetration depth of the probe into the ground can be obtained.

The disadvantages of the method used when operating the probe to study the properties of the soil are:

- the need to place shockproof measuring equipment in the probe body;

- the need to use shockproof radio transmitting equipment (transmitter and antenna) in the stabilizer shank;

- the need to ensure the safety of the cable of the wire communication line with measuring and transmitting equipment during the penetration of the body into the barrier, which is a difficult technical task and difficult for the penetration of bodies into obstacles (including soils of different densities) with high initial speeds and to significant depths.

The technical problem solved by the proposed method is to determine the depth of penetration of an object into the ground.

Technical result:

- elimination of the need to place shock-resistant measuring, recording and transmitting equipment on board the facility and, accordingly, simplifying the design of the facility, reducing its cost and, if necessary, weight and size characteristics, as well as increasing the reliability of measurements (reducing the likelihood of losing experimental data) needed to determine the depth penetration of an object into the ground;

- ensuring the reusability of the use of measuring and recording equipment.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the method for determining the depth of penetration of an object into the ground includes dropping the object from the carrier and recording the parameters of its penetration. Unlike the prototype, in the inventive method, at least two seismic sensors are placed in the zone of probable object fall at a distance from each other. After dropping the object from the carrier, the registration time of each sensor with a seismic wave arising during the penetration of the object into the ground is recorded. Measure the distance from each sensor to the point of incidence of the object, determine the propagation velocity of the seismic wave in the ground near the place of incidence of the object, and then, taking into account the angle of approach of the object to the earth’s surface and the angles between the projection of the object’s trajectory on the earth’s surface and the directions from the object’s incidence each sensor is determined using analytical calculations or graphic construction of the depth of its penetration into the ground.

Placing at least two seismic sensors in the zone of probable object fall at a distance from each other, fixing the time of registration by each sensor of a seismic wave that occurs during the penetration of the object into the ground, measuring the distance from each sensor to the point of incidence of the object and determining the seismic propagation velocity waves in the ground near the place where the object falls Earth and directions from a point of incidence of the object to identify each probe by analytical calculation or graph plotted from the depth of penetration of the object into the ground after its discharge from the carrier without placing on board a shock-resistant measuring, recording and transmitting apparatus. What ultimately provides:

- simplification of the design of the object, reducing its cost and, if necessary, weight and size characteristics;

- increasing the reliability of measurements (reducing the likelihood of losing experimental data) necessary to determine the depth of penetration of an object into the ground;

- reusability of the use of measuring and recording equipment.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

- in FIG. 1 presents a general scheme for determining the depth of penetration of an object into the ground;

- in FIG. 2 shows conditional graphs of registration of a seismic wave by two sensors in a single time system;

- in FIG. 3 presents a diagram for determining the depth of penetration of an object into the ground by a graphical construction.

The method for determining the depth 1 of penetration of object 2 into the soil 3 includes placing at least two seismic sensors 5 and 6 in the zone 4 of the probable fall of object 2 at some distance from each other. After the object 2 is dumped from the carrier 7, the registration time is recorded by each sensor 5 and 6 of the seismic wave 8 that occurs during the penetration of object 2 into the soil 3. Measure the distances 9 and 10 from each sensor 5 and 6 to the point 11 of the fall of object 2. Determine the propagation speed of the seismic wave 8 in the soil 3 near the place of impact 11 of object 2, then with taking into account the angle 12 of the approach of the object 2 to the earth’s surface and the angles 13, 14 between the projection 15 of the trajectory 16 of the motion of the object 2 on the earth’s surface and the directions 9, 10 from the point 11 of the fall of object 2 to each sensor 5 and 6, it is determined using analytical calculations or graphical construction depth 1 penetration of the object 2 into the ground 3.

Analytical calculation of the depth of penetration of 1 object 2 into the soil 3 is carried out using the following system of equations:

where t ₁ is the travel time of the seismic wave 8 from the point 11 of the incidence of the object 2 to the sensor 5;

t ₂ is the travel time of the seismic wave 8 from point 11 of the incidence of object 2 to sensor 6;

- время регистрации сейсмической волны 8 датчиком 5;

- time of registration of a seismic wave 8 by a sensor 5;

- время регистрации сейсмической волны 8 датчиком 6;

- time of registration of a seismic wave 8 by a sensor 6;

t _penetrated - the time of penetration of the ballistic object 2 into the soil 3;

- время прохождения сейсмической волны 8 от точки максимального заглубления 17 объекта 2 до датчика 5;

- the transit time of the seismic wave 8 from the point of maximum deepening 17 of the object 2 to the sensor 5;

- время прохождения сейсмической волны 8 от точки максимального заглубления 17 объекта 2 до датчика 6;

- the transit time of the seismic wave 8 from the point of maximum deepening 17 of the object 2 to the sensor 6;

V is the propagation velocity of the seismic wave 8 in the soil 3 in the region of the point 11 of the fall of object 2;

H - depth 1 penetration of the object 2 into the soil 3;

α is the angle 12 of the approach of object 2 to the surface of the earth;

X ₁ - the distance 9 from the sensor 5 to the point 11 of the fall of the object 2;

X ₂ - the distance 10 from the sensor 6 to the point 11 of the fall of the object 2;

β is the angle 13 between the projection 15 of the trajectory 16 of the movement of the object 2 on the earth's surface and direction 9 from the point of incidence 11 of the object 2 to the sensor 5;

γ is the angle 14 between the projection 15 of the trajectory 16 of the movement of the object 2 on the surface of the earth and the direction 10 from the point 11 of the fall of the object 2 to the sensor 6.

и

являются искомыми величинами, определяемыми в результате решения указанной системы уравнений. Остальные параметры могут быть определены, например, следующим образом.Depth H and t times _penetrated ,

and

are the sought quantities determined by solving the specified system of equations. The remaining parameters can be determined, for example, as follows.

The velocity V of the propagation of a seismic wave can be determined in advance by detonating an explosive at a fixed point in the zone of probable fall of the object and measuring the time of arrival of the seismic wave at a point that is a known (predetermined) distance from the point of detonation.

Times t ₁ and t ₂ can be determined by the ratios:

определяются непосредственно по показаниям сейсмических датчиков.Time

determined directly by the readings of seismic sensors.

The angle α can be determined using optical means of recording the flight of the object.

Distances X ₁ , X ₂ and angles β, γ can be determined using geodetic measurements.

The determination of the depth 1 of the penetration of the object 2 into the soil 3 by graphic construction is carried out as follows.

Taking into account the scale, spatial construction of the point 11 of the fall, the trajectory 16, the location points of the seismic sensors 5 and 6 is performed.

The value of R is determined:

If R> 0, then the first sphere 18 of radius R is constructed with the center at the location of the sensor 5, if R <0, then the first sphere 18 of radius | R | centered at the location of the sensor 6.

A second sphere 19 is constructed, centered on trajectory 16, tangent to the first sphere 18 and passing through the location of the sensor 6 (if R> 0) or through the location of the sensor 5 (if R <0).

The center of the second sphere 19 is the point of maximum deepening 17 of the object 2, and the distance from it to the plane formed by the point of incidence 11 and the location points of the seismic sensors 5, 6 is the penetration depth of 1 object 2 into the soil 3.

Determination of the penetration depth of 1 object 2 into the soil 3 by graphic construction, for example, can be carried out in 3D design CAD systems.

Using the proposed method allows you to:

- to simplify the design of the object, reduce its cost and, if necessary, weight and size characteristics;

- increase the reliability of measurements (reduce the likelihood of losing experimental data) necessary to determine the depth of penetration of the object into the ground;

- to ensure reusability of the use of measuring and recording equipment.

Claims (1)

A method for determining the depth of penetration of an object into the ground, including dropping the object from the carrier, recording the parameters of its penetration, characterized in that at least two seismic sensors are placed in the zone of probable fall of the object at a distance from each other, after the object is dropped from the carrier, the time is fixed registration by each sensor of a seismic wave that occurs during the penetration of an object into the ground, measure the distance from each sensor to the point of incidence of the object, determine the propagation speed of the seismic th wave in the ground near the site of the object’s fall, then taking into account the angle of the object’s approach to the earth’s surface and the angles between the projection of the object’s trajectory on the earth’s surface and the directions from the object’s point of fall to each sensor, the depth of its penetration into the soil is determined by analytical calculations or by graphical construction .

Images