RU2565364C1 - Seismic detection system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed system comprises detection means which include up to two seismic lines, and a group of seismic detectors included in a seismic line is merged into cells consisting of at least five piezoelectric seismic detectors arranged on two parallel lines by a matching amplifier combined with a bandpass filter, and one digital seismic detector connected thereto by analogue links, said digital seismic detector having a synchronisation output and input and also being equipped with a piezoelectric element, a matching amplifier combined with a bandpass filter, at least six conditioning amplifiers, a microcontroller and a linear transducer. The system also includes an electronic unit, which includes an input interface connected to seismic lines, a microcontroller and an output interface, and a connection switch box, wherein the electronic unit is connected by information links to the seismic lines and through the connection switch box, also connected to a power supply unit, to a central concentrator.

EFFECT: high noise-immunity and reliability, complete visual masking capacity and scalability.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to technical means of protection. The system can be used for signaling blocking of the perimeters of objects and extended security lines on flat and rough terrain.

Seismic detection means (MSS) record seismic vibrations that occur and propagate in the ground when moving in the protected zone of the intruder.

The well-known “Seismic security system” (No. RU 55182 dated 07/27/2006, IPC G08B 13/16, LLC ALTES, RF) [1]. The utility model relates to security equipment and can be used to protect open areas from unauthorized access by people. The seismic security system includes seismic sensors buried in the ground and detecting vibrations of the ground surface when intruders move along it, and a computer information system. As seismic sensors, piezoelectric sensors are used, which are connected via information transmission channels to an information collection unit, which includes an input interface connected to seismic sensors, a microcontroller, a buffer memory, a power supply and an output interface connected to a processor unit / computer that is connected to the device Indications through the transmission of information. As a channel for transmitting information using a two-wire transmission line of an analog signal from the sensor to the information collection unit.

The disadvantages of the above system are:

1) high cable consumption, since each seismic sensor is connected to the data acquisition unit by a separate line (in one of the system variants);

2) low noise immunity due to the influence of electromagnetic interference and interference during the transmission of an analog signal (in one of the system variants) from a seismic sensor to an information collection unit, as well as the lack of joint processing of signals from sensors to offset from distributed interference acting simultaneously on all or a large part of the sensors.

As a prototype, the invention was selected “Seismic device for detecting moving objects” (RU No. 2306611 from 09.20.2007, IPC G08B 13/16, G01V 1/22, FSUE "NIKIRET", RF) [2], related to alarm devices, signaling on the invasion of moving intruders into the protected area upon the discovery of the characteristic mechanical vibrations of the soil. The device comprises a control panel with a built-in executive signaling device, a group of seismic receivers, each of which contains a seismic signal analyzer, as well as a matching amplifier, a bandpass filter and a normalizing amplifier, the output of the seismic signal analyzer connected to the input of the linear controller, the output of which is in turn connected to line transceiver input. The seismic signal analyzer, in one of the device variants - a microcontroller, generates a response signal when violators appear in the detection zone of the seismic receiver. Information is transmitted from the geophones to the control panel and vice versa via a two-wire line by means of a digital serial bi-directional reception and transmission of information with separation of communication channels based on a position-time code.

The disadvantages of the device are:

1) low noise immunity, since joint processing of signals from geophones is not used to detuning from distributed noise acting simultaneously on all or most geophones;

2) the complexity of the system and increased energy consumption due to the use of a microcontroller in each seismic receiver as a seismic signal analyzer, as well as a linear controller for exchanging information with the control panel;

3) the address code of the geophone is set manually using mechanical switches in the device options containing a group of geophones and addressing signals by the control panel from different geophones, which is inconvenient, requires opening the receiver, does not exclude personnel errors when setting the address, and increases the complexity of commissioning works.

Similar essential features of the claimed invention and the selected prototype "Seismic device for the detection of moving objects" (RU No. 2306611 from 09/20/2007, IPC G08B 13/16, G01V 1/22, FSUE "NIKIRET") are:

1) a seismic line containing a group of geophones, interconnected by cable and installed in the ground;

2) two-wire communication line;

3) the presence of a seismic signal analyzer in the composition of the seismic receiver, the functions of which are performed by the microcontroller;

4) the presence of a control panel with an executive alarm device, which in our invention consists of a central and personal computer hub.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a simple and reliable seismic detection system, which would eliminate the disadvantages of the above analogues.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the invention is to increase the noise immunity of the system and increase its reliability.

An additional technical result obtained during the implementation of the invention is the reduction of energy consumption, the full visual maskability of the system at the guarded line and its scalability.

To solve this problem, a seismic detection system is proposed, including seismic lines, each of which is made of a group of seismic detectors based on piezoelectric elements and buried in the ground and recording mechanical vibrations of the soil surface when disruptors move along it and equipped with a seismic signal analyzer, the functions of which are performed by the microcontroller, and also connected in series with a matching amplifier combined with a band-pass filter and a normalizing amplifier, while seismic lines are connected via data transmission channels to a central concentrator connected to a power supply unit and through a standard interface with a computer, the seismic security system contains a detection tool that includes up to two seismic lines, while the group of seismic receivers included in the seismic line is combined into cells and each cell it consists of at least five geophones located on two parallel lines, equipped with a piezoelectric element, a matching amplifier combined with with a gloss filter, and one digital seismic receiver connected with analogue connections with a synchronization input and output and equipped with a piezoelectric element, matching amplifier combined with a bandpass filter, at least six normalizing amplifiers, a microcontroller and a linear transceiver, in addition an electronic unit and a connecting junction box are introduced into the system, and the electronic unit is connected via data transmission channels to seismic lines and through a connecting switching box is connected also to the power supply is connected to the central hub, wherein the electronic unit includes an input interface connected to seysmoliniyam, a microcontroller, an output interface.

A seismic line can contain up to eight cells in series connected by geophones.

The system may contain one or more seismic detection means completely located in the ground, connected by information lines and power lines to each other through switching junction boxes, while the connecting box of the first detection means is connected to a central hub and a power supply unit.

The electronic blocks are connected to the seismic lines via the RS-485 data transmission and reception line, power lines and synchronization circuits.

The electronic units are interconnected by a central hub and a power supply unit through connecting boxes by means of a data reception and transmission line via the RS-485 interface and power supply lines.

The central hub is connected to a personal computer via a data transmission and reception line via the RS-232 interface.

In the electronic unit, a connector is provided for connecting the display and adjustment panel via the data transmission and reception line via the RS-422 interface.

The seismic detection tools included in the system have two outputs each, in the form of normally closed contacts of the optoelectronic relay, and the electrical circuits from the normally closed contacts of the optoelectronic relay are output to the terminals of the junction box.

The seismic detection tools included in its composition have two inputs each, and the electrical circuits coming from the inputs are output to the terminals of the junction box.

The technical nature and principle of operation of the proposed system are illustrated by drawings, which depict:

In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a system; FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a seismic line, FIG. 3 - a general layout of the components of the system on the ground, FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a system when connecting seismic detection means to an access control system and a burglar alarm monitoring dry contacts, FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a seismic line cell.

In FIG. 1-5 the following notation is introduced: 1 - seismic detection means; 2 - seismic line; 3 - electronic unit (BE); 4 - junction box; 5 - power supply; 6 - central hub; 7 - personal computer; 8 - remote display and settings; 9 - cable lines; 10 - seismic receiver; 11 - digital seismic receiver; 12 - access control system and burglar alarm; 13 - optoelectronic relay; 14 - additional standard outputs of the operation signals for each flank in the form of opening contacts of the optoelectronic relays; 15 - inputs for connecting two external TCO or other devices having output circuits in the form of normally closed contacts; 16 - piezoelectric element; 17 - matching amplifier, combined with a band-pass filter; 18 - normalizing amplifier; 19 - microcontroller; 20 - linear transceiver; 21 - synchronization input; 22 - synchronization output; 23 - two-wire communication line connecting the digital seismic receiver with BE; 24 - analog communication line for transmitting a signal from a geophone to a digital geophone.

The listed structural elements are made as follows.

The system includes one or more seismic detection tools 1, each of which includes up to two seismic lines 2, electronic unit 3, junction box 4.

The electronic unit 3 consists of a housing, inside of which there is an electronic unit board and a control board. There are four connectors on the body of the electronic unit, two of which are used to connect the seismic lines 2, one is for connecting the cable of the junction box 4, and one is for connecting the display panel and PIN 8. The connectors designed to connect the seismic lines 2 contain a receiving line data transmission via RS 485 interface, power line, synchronization circuit.

Junction box 4 is a switching device. Five cable entries are installed on the side walls of the housing of the junction box 4. The cable of the junction box 4 is passed through one of the cable inlets. The cable has a connector on one end designed to connect the junction box 4 to the electronic unit 3, the conductors at its other end are connected to the terminal block located inside the junction box 4. Two other cable entries are for connecting a cable 9 containing RS-485 interface lines and power lines. Two more cable entries are intended for connecting cables from external TCO or other devices with normally closed contacts.

Each seismic line 2 includes up to eight cells from up to five geophones 10 and one seismic receiver digital 11 in series with a cable (Fig. 2). All cells with their constituent geophones 10 and digital seismic receiver 11 in the seismic line 2 are connected in series by a multicore electric cable containing power lines, information lines of the RS-485 interface, a synchronization circuit, and lines for transmitting amplified analog signals from geophones 10 to a digital geophone 11.

In FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of a seismic line cell. Each seismic receiver 10 and digital 11 seismic receiver includes a piezoceramic element 16, a matching amplifier combined with a band-pass filter 17, in addition, the digital seismic receiver 11 includes six normalization amplifiers 18, a microcontroller 19, a linear transceiver 20, which is connected to a two-wire communication line 23, the digital geophone 11 also has a synchronization input 21 and a synchronization output 22. Each geophone 10 is connected to the digital geophone 11 by an analogue communication line 24.

The central hub 6 is designed to convert information from the RS-485 interface to the RS-232 interface with the aim of transferring it from the seismic detection means 1 to the personal computer 7 and in the opposite direction (from the personal computer 7 to the seismic detection means 1).

To control the operation of the system and display information from the seismic detection means 1, a personal computer 7 is used, connected to the central hub 6 via a standard computer interface. The operation of the personal computer 7 is controlled by specialized software that provides a constant program-controlled exchange of information between the components of the system, displaying information about the state of the system and the facts of violation of the security line with an accurate indication of the time, place, and direction of crossing the line. The software operates when there is an operating system installed on a personal computer 7.

To ensure the exchange of information between the components of the system and the transmission of power to them, cable lines 9 are used.

The power supply unit 5 provides power to the components of the system with a DC voltage of 22 to 29 V. The power supply unit 5 is connected to an alternating current network of 220 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. In the event of a power failure, the power supply 5 automatically switches to backup power from the batteries built into it and ensures the system is operational for up to 12 hours.

The proposed system works as follows.

The seismic detection tool 1 is entirely located in the ground, which provides full maskability at the border of protection. Central hub 6, power supply 5, personal computer 7 are placed in a heated room for station equipment. The detection zone of each seismic detection device 1 consists of one or two flanks with a length of up to 125 m each (Fig. 3). The width of the detection zone of the seismic detection means 1 does not exceed 10 m (Fig. 1). The flanks of the detection zone are formed by seismic lines 2, which are part of the seismic detection means 1 and are installed in the ground (Fig. 1). The principle of operation of the seismic detection means 1 is based on the registration (detection) of mechanical vibrations that occur in the soil when the intruder moves along the soil surface. Seismic receivers 10 and seismic receivers digital 11 seismic lines 2, installed in the surface soil layer at a depth of (30 ± 5) cm, convert seismic vibrations into electrical signals. Thus, on the surface of the soil, a detection zone of seismic detection means 1 is formed, consisting of a set of overlapping detection zones of all geophones 10 and digital geophones 11.

In five seismic receivers 10 and one digital seismic receiver 11 of each cell of the seismic line 2, the piezoceramic element 16 converts the mechanical vibrations of the soil into an electrical signal. The matching amplifier 17 amplifies and isolates an electrical signal of a given frequency band, which is transmitted through an analogue communication line 24 to a digital geophone 11 to a normalizing amplifier 18. The normalizing amplifier 18 ensures matching of the level of the useful signal at the input of the microcontroller 19 with the output of the matching amplifier 17, and also carries out an individual adjustment of the sensitivity of the seismic receiver, which allows you to compensate for the heterogeneity of the mechanical properties of the soil along the length of the guard line, seasonal changes in properties run, technological variation of the parameters of the piezoceramic elements 16. The microcontroller 19 performs: analog-to-digital conversion of analog signals from five geophones 10 and from the piezoceramic element 16 of the digital 11 seismic receiver, preprocesses the received signals to isolate the signal from the intruder, encodes the results of the preliminary processing and transmits them through a linear transceiver 20 via a two-wire communication line 23 to the electronic unit 3. The synchronization input 21 and the synchronization output 22 are intended terms for assigning each geophones 10 and geophones digital 11 in seismic line 2 a conventional serial number, which serves as an identifier and is transmitted together with the preliminary processing results, thereby indicating the membership of the preliminary processing results received in the electronic unit 3 for a specific geophone 10 or digital geophones 11. The synchronization input 21 of the first in the seismic line 2 of the digital 11 seismic receiver is connected to the synchronization circuit of electronic unit 3, and its synchronization output 22 to the synchronization input 21 of the second in the seismic line 2 of the digital 11 seismic receiver and so on until the last seismic receiver of the digital 11. When the supply voltage is supplied to the detection means, the seismic 1 electronic unit 3 sets a high level in the synchronization circuit (logical “1”), the first digital seismic receiver 11 receives at its input synchronization 21 a high level and goes into addressing mode. As a result of the exchange of information between the electronic 3 unit and the first digital 11 seismic receiver, the latter writes in its memory that it has the first (No. 1) conditional serial number, after which the electronic 3 unit sets a low level at the output of the synchronization circuit (logical “0”) and the first digital seismic receiver 11, in response to this, at its synchronization output 22 sets a high level (logical “1”), which is fed to the synchronization input 21 of the second digital 11 geophones, which goes into the addressing mode. He is similarly assigned a second (No. 2) conditional serial number. Similarly, the numbers are assigned to the rest of the digital 11 geophones.

The impact of the intruder on the ground in the detection zone is always local in nature, therefore, the movement of the intruder in the detection zone is detected by a limited number of geophones located next to the path of the intruder. The seismic receivers 10 and digital seismic receivers 11 in the detection zone are located in two parallel lines located at a distance of 5.6 ± 0.2 m from each other (Fig. 3). Thus, conditions are created for delays in the time of arrival of a seismic wave from the intruder to different geophones 10 and digital geophones 11.

When an intruder crosses a controlled line, the delay sign changes to the opposite and the delay value changes. These factors are a sign of the intersection of the guard line by the intruder, the seismic detection tool 1 generates a response signal.

Seismic signals, the magnitude and sign of the delay for which between the moments of registration of disturbances in the soil by different geophones 10 and geophones digital 11 does not change, is identified as a hindrance.

The direction of movement is determined by the order (sequence) of change in the sign of the delay time.

The intruder crosses the line through a relatively narrow “corridor”; during its movement, seismic signals are generated only from several neighboring geophones 10 and digital geophones 11 located in this corridor. The signals from each geophone 10 and digital 11 are processed individually, their exact location on the ground is known. This allows you to determine the boundary crossing point with an accuracy equal to the distance between the geophones 10 and the digital 11 geophones, and to increase the noise immunity of the seismic detector 1 with respect to distributed interference affecting a large number of geophones 10 and the geophones 11 (rain, lightning discharges remote sources of interference).

The results of preliminary processing of seismic signals and serial numbers of triggered seismic receivers 10 and seismic receivers digital 11 in the form of digital encoded messages are sent via RS-485 interface lines to electronic unit 3.

The electronic unit 3 of seismic detection means 1 continuously processes an array of signals received from all geophones 10 and digital 11 geophones to isolate signals from intruders and filter out interference signals arising from exposure to natural and technogenic factors (rain, hail, thunder, work technological equipment, traffic, etc.) and affecting all geophones (or most of them) simultaneously. When a signal corresponding to the intruder is detected, the seismic detector 1 generates a response signal that encodes the numbers of the triggered seismic receiver 10 or the digital seismic receiver 11 and the direction of movement of the intruder. The response signal in the form of an encoded message is sent via cable lines 9 to the central hub 6 and then to the personal computer 7. On the monitor of the personal computer 7, a message is displayed about the triggering of the seismic detection means 1 and the number of the geophones 10 or of the geophones 11 is indicated, where a violation of the guard line occurred and the direction of movement of the intruder. The installation locations of the geophones 10 and digital geophones 11 and the numbering procedure are known in advance, thus determining the location of violation of the guard line.

Seismic Detector 1 self-tests regularly. In the event of a malfunction of the geophones 10 and the digital 11 geophones, a message is generated indicating the number of the failed geophones, which via cable lines 9 goes to the central concentrator 6 and is then displayed on a personal computer 7.

To carry out commissioning and repair work of the seismic detection means 1, it is possible to connect the display and adjustment panel 8 to the electronic unit 3, which allows you to display messages about the operation of the seismic detection means 1 with the numbers of triggered seismic receivers 10 and digital seismic receivers 11, messages about the malfunction of the means Seismic 1 detection, messages indicating the numbers of failed geophones 10 and digital 11 geophones, being directly on at the turn of protection.

Remote display and settings 8 is a microprocessor device, equipped with an indicator and a keyboard. When setting up, the display and adjustment panel 8 is connected to the electronic unit 3 of the seismic 1 detection tool, and information exchange between them is established via the RS-422 interface. By pressing the buttons according to the messages on the indicator of the display and adjustment panel 8, a specific command is selected to control the seismic detection tool 1. Commands are encoded by the microcontroller of the display and adjustment panel 8 and sent via electronic interface RS-422 to electronic unit 3, where they are decoded by the microcontroller, processed, and then sent to the digital 11 geophones. The display and adjustment console 8 performs the following actions to control the seismic detector 1:

1) display of operation signals indicating the numbers of triggered geophones 10 and geophones digital 11;

2) display of numbers of faulty geophones 10 and digital geophones 11;

3) a change in the gain of the normalizing amplifiers 18 individually for each seismic receiver 10 or the digital geophone 11. As part of the normalizing amplifier 18, a digital potentiometer (not shown) is used, controlled by a code that generates a microcontroller 19.

To expand the tactical capabilities of seismic detection tools 1, additional standard outputs of operation signals 14 for each flank are provided in the form of opening the contacts of the optoelectronic relay 13. This makes it possible to connect the seismic detection tools 1 directly to an external access control system and burglar alarm 12, without using a central hub 6 . In this case, spatial resolution when determining the place of violation of the boundary of protection is carried out by the detection tool eniya seismic 1 up to the flank. The block diagram of the seismic 1 detection means in this use is shown in FIG. four.

The design of seismic 1 detection means includes the ability to connect up to two external TCO or other devices with output circuits in the form of normally closed contacts (to inputs 15), for example, alarm buttons, limit switches, etc. In this case, the seismic detection tool 1 provides continuous monitoring of the state of a group of two "dry" normally closed contacts and gives a response signal when the contacts open.

Thus, the introduction of an electronic block into the system made it possible to separate the processing functions of the received seismic signals and decide on the fact of violation of the guard line, as a result of which the signal processing occurs at the turn in geophones, and the decision is made in the electronic block, which in turn allowed joint processing signals from all geophones to isolate signals from distributed interference acting simultaneously on all or a large number of geophones, which in turn q provided increased noise immunity of the system.

Improving the reliability of the system is realized due to the fact that the structure of the system is simplified, namely: one microcontroller is used to process signals from six geophones, and the signal processing results of six geophones are transmitted to the electronic unit using one linear transceiver, the matching amplifier is combined with a bandpass filter in each to the geosemic receiver, the linear controller that controls the linear transceiver is excluded, and its functions are performed by the microcontroller, which is used in the same way as seismic analyzer; in addition, the introduction of a synchronization input and a synchronization output to a digital geophones made it possible, as compared to the prototype, to exclude the first driver unit with switches from the geophones, automate the process of assigning an address tag (number) to geophones, and thereby eliminate personnel errors when specifying an address, reduce setup time commissioning systems.

The introduction of an electronic unit into the system also made it possible to create a functionally complete device - a seismic detection tool that controls two independent seismic lines (two flanks) and is equipped with standard outputs and inputs that can be used independently (outside the system), providing scalability of the system (increasing the length of the protection line) and increase its functional reliability.

In addition, the introduction of these technical solutions allowed to reduce the energy consumption of the system.

Information Sources Used

1. “Seismic security system” (No. RU 55182 dated 07/27/2006, IPC G08B 13/16, LLC ALTES, RF).

2. “Seismic device for the detection of moving objects” (No. RU 2306611 dated 09/20/2007, IPC G08B 13/16, G01V 1/22, FSUE "NIKIRET", RF).

Claims (9)

1. A seismic detection system, including seismic lines, each of which is made of a group of seismic receivers based on piezoelectric elements and buried in the ground and recording mechanical vibrations of the soil surface when moving intruders along it and equipped with a seismic signal analyzer, the functions of which are performed by a microcontroller, as well as connected in series matching amplifier combined with a band-pass filter and a normalizing amplifier, while the seismic lines are connected through channels transmitting information with a central concentrator connected to the power supply unit and through a standard interface with a computer, characterized in that the seismic monitoring system contains detection means including up to two seismic lines, while the group of seismic receivers included in the seismic line is combined into cells, and each the cell in this case consists of at least five geophones located on two parallel lines equipped with a piezoelectric element, a matching amplifier combined with a band-pass filter, and one, connected by analogue connections with them, a digital seismic receiver, having a synchronization input and output and equipped with a piezoelectric element, a matching amplifier combined with a bandpass filter, at least six normalizing amplifiers, a microcontroller and a linear transceiver, in addition, a unit is introduced into the system an electronic and connecting junction box, wherein the electronic unit is connected via data transmission channels to seismic lines and through a connecting junction box the shell, also connected to the power supply, is connected to the central hub, while the electronic unit includes an input interface connected to seismic lines, a microcontroller, and an output interface. 2. The seismic security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic line contains up to eight cells of series-connected seismic receivers. 3. Seismic security system according to paragraphs. 1, 2, characterized in that it may contain one or more detection means completely located in the ground, connected by information lines and power lines to each other through junction boxes, wherein the junction box of the first detection means is connected to a central hub and a power supply. 4. The seismic security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic units are connected to the seismic lines through the data transmission and reception line via the RS-485 interface, power supply line and synchronization circuit. 5. The seismic security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic units are interconnected with the central hub and the power supply through connecting boxes through a data reception and transmission line via RS-485 interface and power lines. 6. The seismic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that the central hub is connected to a personal computer via a data reception and transmission line via the RS-232 interface. 7. The seismic alarm system according to claim 1, characterized in that a connector is provided in the electronic unit for connecting the display and adjustment panel via the data transmission and reception line via the RS-422 interface. 8. The seismic security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic detection means included in it have two outputs each in the form of normally closed contacts of the optoelectronic relay, and the electrical circuits from the normally closed contacts of the optoelectronic relay are output to the terminals of the junction box . 9. The seismic security system according to claim 1, characterized in that the seismic detection means included in it have two inputs each, and the electrical circuits coming from the inputs are output to the terminals of the junction box.

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