RU2565350C1 - Method and device for rendering electromagnetic radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: device for rendering electromagnetic radiation comprises a set of antennae, which includes an antenna configured to receive a signal of the radiation to be rendered, a scanner configured to generate and output a reference pulse with given duration; the given duration of the reference pulse is twice longer than one period of the received signal of the radiation to be rendered; an amplitude-pulse modulation device configured to generate a modulated signal by modulating a received reference pulse U_{ref. pulse} of the given duration with a signal of the radiation to be rendered U_{EMR sign}, received by the antenna set; the amplitude U_{ref. pulse} is greater than the maximum amplitude U_{EMR sign}; a low-pass filter configured to cut off noise generated by the rest of the antennae of the set, which temporarily do not participate in the process of scanning the amplitude-pulse modulation device with the scanner, and transmit the filtered modulated signal; a reconstruction filter configured to generate an envelope signal of the modulated signal; a video signal generating unit configured to generate a video signal with induced service clock pulses from the envelope signal of the modulated signal; a display device which receives the video signal and converts said signal into an image.

EFFECT: high image quality owing to high resolution and reduced noise, high sensitivity, reduced weight and size, low power consumption.

19 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of electro-optical (radio-optical) instrumentation and, in particular, to the visualization of electromagnetic radiation.

State of the art

Of the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by natural or artificial objects, the human eye is able to see images of objects only in the wavelength range of 0.45 ÷ 0.75 μm (visible spectrum).

To solve the visualization problem outside this visible range, various devices are used to visualize electromagnetic radiation. Such devices include, for example, image radiometers or imaging radiometers, radio introscopes, electron-optical converters (EOPs), radio imagers and thermal imagers.

The need for visualization of radiation outside the visible range (VHF and above) is due to the fact that such radiation easily passes through most dielectrics, but is strongly absorbed by conductive materials and some dielectrics. Accordingly, the use of high-frequency radiation is different and includes the use in tomographic studies at a centimeter depth, in the identification of substances. In addition, given the harmlessness of such radiation to humans, it can be used in all kinds of scanning devices. For example, in anti-terrorism control devices, visualizers.

From patent RU 2356129, a visualizer of electromagnetic radiation is known that contains, as a radiation receiving target, an antenna matrix that converts the incident radiation energy into electrical current energy, which, in turn, heats the resistive film, thus converting electrical energy into heat (infrared radiation energy), and as a converter of thermal energy into electrical energy - a thermal imager that builds an infrared (thermal) image of the temperature field on the surface of its mat an egg receiver, which, in turn, converts the energy of infrared radiation into a necessary electrical signal. The disadvantage of such a visualizer is its low sensitivity with respect to the natural radiation of the studied objects in the submillimeter radiation range. Another disadvantage is the low resolution of the visualization due to the need for constructive execution of each element of the decomposition of the antenna matrix in size, depending on the wavelength of the visualized radiation, which leads to the bulkiness of the target with the elements of the decomposition and, accordingly, the entire device as a whole, without any increase in resolution visualizer. An additional disadvantage is the increased complexity of the design of the target chamber due to the need for thermal insulation. In addition, the presence in this device of a large number of non-thermally insulated lenses, translucent mirrors, as well as the insignificance of the thermal information of the target decomposition element, leads to large noise interference and distortion. Since the studied electromagnetic radiation undergoes several stages of transformation into various types of energy, including through the thermal conversion of the absorbed radiation energy, additional inertia and blurriness of the image of the object are manifested.

From patent RU 2084876 a radio introscope is known for detecting heterogeneities in various solid media, determining their location and geometric shapes, comprising in series a microwave generator 1, a first electronic switch 2, a directional coupler 3, a frequency conversion unit 4 up or down, a circulator 5, a unit 6 frequency conversion up or down, second electronic key 7, receiving unit 8, control unit 9, analyzer 10 of the reflected signal spectra, processing and indication unit 11, electrically controlled attenuator 12, to control pulses 13, block 14 forming the law of frequency modulation, antenna block 15, equipped with a two-coordinate electronic-mechanical meter of current coordinates 16, which is located on one carrier base 17 with the antenna block. This device is quite complicated, has a low resolution, the ability to work only in the active mode when the object is irradiated with microwave radiation, and also allows you to visualize only static stationary objects.

From patent RU 2507542, a device for visualizing electromagnetic radiation is known that is closest to the claimed object, comprising a lens antenna receiving and focusing electromagnetic radiation; evacuated dielectric housing with a screen having a radiation-transmitting window and containing a sensing element located in the focal plane of the lens antenna and an electron-optical converter; an electronic processing unit and an image reproducing device, wherein the sensing element comprises a metal base substrate electrically connected to the screen of the evacuated dielectric housing, with a dielectric gasket on the side of the incident radiation, with a set of decomposition elements disposed thereon, configured to absorb focused electromagnetic radiation and convert it into alternating electric charges with a frequency given by the geometric dimensions of the decomposed element Nia, each member of a set of decomposition expansion element is capacitively coupled to a metal base - the substrate, wherein the electro-optical converter to provide pre-emission of excited electrons is adapted to create an external static field with an energy equal to:

Where

E _{c. mat} is the electron energy of the material,

E _в0 - rest energy of an electron,

E _amy is the variable energy of the charge generated on the lining of the decomposition element when receiving the absorbed visualized electromagnetic radiation,

E _A is the energy of an external uniform static electric field,

moreover, the electron-optical converter contains an element for converting the information flow of electrons, and each of the decomposition elements is made of a material having high field emission with a low electric field strength.

The main disadvantages of the known device for visualizing electromagnetic radiation based on field emission with preliminary excitation of electrons are rather complicated alignment (adjustment) of the device for visualization on weak signals of the studied radiation, which allows you to visualize only relatively strong (powerful) signal sources, as well as the presence of several intermediate transformations of the electromagnetic radiation, which causes additional noise, leading to poor visualization This image and requiring multi-tune settings and adjustments.

Thus, at least the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known device do not allow to obtain a simple and sensitive to weak signals visualization device of the studied objects in the meter range and less in dynamic and static modes.

The present invention is the provision of an improved device and method for visualizing electromagnetic radiation in an extended frequency range eliminating the disadvantages of the prior art.

Summary of the invention

The technical result achieved by the invention is structural simplification, increasing resolution, ease of setup and ease of use.

The task, in accordance with one aspect of the present invention, is achieved by providing an electromagnetic radiation imaging device comprising

- a set of antennas, including at least one antenna, configured to receive a signal of the visualized radiation,

- a polling device configured to generate and output at least one reference pulse of a given duration,

- moreover, the specified duration of the reference pulse is at least two times greater than one period of the received signal of the visualized radiation,

at least one pulse amplitude modulation device configured to generate a modulated signal by modulating the received reference pulse U _{op. imp} specified length signal visualized radiation U _EMR signal received at least one antenna set, and the amplitude of U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude U _{EMP signal} ,

- a low-pass filter configured to transmit a filtered modulated signal,

- a recovery filter configured to generate an envelope signal of the modulated signal,

- a video signal generating unit configured to generate a video signal with induced service clock pulses from at least one envelope signal of the modulated signal,

- a display device that receives a video signal and converts it into an image.

According to one embodiment, the antenna set represents an array of antennas.

According to another embodiment, the antenna set represents an antenna array.

According to another embodiment, the imaging device further comprises a focusing device configured to pre-focus the signal received by the set of antennas.

According to another embodiment, the interrogation device is configured to generate and simultaneously feed a reference pulse of a given duration to at least one amplitude-pulse modulation device and the video signal generation unit is configured to generate a video signal from at least one envelope signal of the modulated signal by converting simultaneously incoming signals in a sequence of pulses with induced service clock pulses.

According to another embodiment, the polling device is configured to generate and sequentially supply a reference pulse of a predetermined duration to at least one amplitude-pulse modulation device and the video signal generating unit is configured to generate a video signal from at least one envelope signal of the modulated signal, wherein the video signal represents a sequence of pulses with induced service clock pulses.

According to another embodiment, the imaging device further comprises an antenna array moving unit configured to move the antenna array according to a predetermined algorithm to create spatial resolution.

According to another embodiment, the imaging device further comprises an emitter configured to pre-emit the signal to generate an amplified reflected or penetrating imaging signal.

According to another embodiment, at least one antenna of the antenna set is a broadband antenna, and the device further comprises an array of bandpass filters including at least one set of at least three bandpass filters, each of which emits a signal of a predetermined frequency band different from a given frequency band of another bandpass filter of this set.

According to another embodiment, the antenna set comprises at least three narrow-band antennas, each of which is tuned to a predetermined frequency different from the predetermined frequency of the other narrow-band antenna.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for visualizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps of:

- receive the signal of the visualized radiation using a set of antennas, including at least one antenna, and feed it to the device of amplitude-pulse modulation,

- form and submit to the device for amplitude-pulse modulation a reference pulse of a given duration,

moreover, the specified duration of the reference pulse is at least two times greater than one period of the received signal of the visualized radiation,

- form a modulated signal by means of amplitude-pulse modulation of the reference pulse U _{op. imp} specified length signal visualized radiation U _EMR signal received at least one antenna of the set, and the amplitude of U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude U _{EMP signal} ,

- filter out the noise and pass the filtered modulated signal,

- form the envelope signal of the modulated signal,

- form a video signal from the envelope signal of the modulated signal, with induced clock pulses,

- convert the video signal into an image.

According to one embodiment, a visualized radiation signal is received using a set of antennas representing an array of antennas.

According to another embodiment, a visualized radiation signal is received using a set of antennas, which is an array of antennas.

According to another embodiment, the method further comprises first focusing the signal received by the set of antennas.

According to another embodiment, the reference pulse is supplied in series or in parallel.

According to another embodiment, the method further comprises moving the antenna array according to a predetermined algorithm to create spatial resolution.

According to another embodiment, the method further comprises the step of pre-emitting a signal to generate an amplified reflected or penetrating signal of the visualized radiation.

According to another embodiment, a broadband antenna is used as at least one antenna of the antenna set, and at least one set of at least three bandpass filters, each of which emits a signal of a given frequency band different from a given frequency band of another bandpass filter of this set as an assembly of bandpass filters.

According to another embodiment, at least three narrowband antennas are used, each of which is tuned to a predetermined frequency different from the predetermined frequency of the other narrowband antenna as a set of antennas.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is further explained in the description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a radiation imaging device according to a first preferred embodiment.

FIG. 2 depicts a signal diagram on individual blocks of a visualization device.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a radiation imaging device according to a second preferred embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a radiation imaging apparatus according to a third preferred embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a radiation imaging apparatus according to a fourth preferred embodiment.

Description of Preferred Embodiments

In accordance with the first embodiment in Fig. 1 shows a monochromatic imaging device with an array of antennas. The device operates as follows. The visualized radiation from the object of study is received by a set of antennas (1), constituting in this embodiment an array of antennas. Matrix antennas are decomposition elements. Electric signals with an amplitude corresponding to the properties of the object under study and with a resonant frequency of the visualized radiation, which are then fed to the pulse-amplitude modulation device (3), are formed on each antenna of the set. Under the properties of the studied object is understood its property to radiate or reflect EMR in accordance with its chemical and physical nature. The polling device (2) delivers sequentially reference pulses to each amplitude-pulse modulation device (3) in accordance with the law of horizontal and vertical scanning. In this case, the amplitude of the reference pulse U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude of the signal of the visualized radiation received by the antenna of the set U _EMI signal _. The amplitude-pulse modulation device (3) generates a modulated signal (Fig. 2) by modulating the reference pulse of a given frequency with a visualized radiation signal. Next, the signals thus modulated are fed to a low-pass filter (4), which passes the low-frequency component of the simulated signals. The filtered signal from the output of the low-pass filter (4) is fed to the recovery filter (5), which forms the envelope signal of the modulated signal. The envelope signal of the modulated signal is fed to the video signal generating unit (6), which generates the final video signal with induced service clock pulses arriving at the display device (7).

In accordance with the second embodiment in Fig. 3 shows a quasi-color imaging device with an array of antennas. The device operates as follows. A set (1) of broadband antennas formed into an array of antennas receives a signal from an object of study. It should be noted that the visualized signal can be a signal from the emitter (9) reflected from the object of study or penetrating through it and focused by a focusing device (8). The resulting visualized signal arrives at three band-pass filters (10), tuned in accordance with the law of quasi-color decomposition and emitting, respectively, narrow-band signals. It should be noted that the number of band-pass filters (10) can be more than three, depending on the desired number of allocated narrow-band signals. Each highlighted signal can be assigned a color. For example, the highlighted signal with the lowest frequency is red, the highlighted signal with the average frequency is green, the highlighted signal with the highest frequency is blue. The extracted signals are supplied to the amplitude-pulse modulation devices (3) and modulate reference pulses parallel to the pulse-amplitude modulation devices (3) from the polling device (2). In this case, the amplitude of the reference pulse U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude of the signal of the visualized radiation received by the antenna of the set U _EMI signal. Further, the signals modulated in this way are fed to a low-pass filter (4), which passes the low-frequency component of the modulated signals. The filtered signals from the output of the low-pass filter (4) are fed to the recovery filter (5), which forms the envelope signal of the modulated signal. The envelope signal of the modulated signal is supplied to the video signal generating unit (6), which includes a memory for generating a sequence of video pulses with color, horizontal scanning, and other sync pulses, from parallel incoming signals, which are then sent to the display device (7).

According to the third embodiment, the use of a polling device (2) with the possibility of parallel supply of reference pulses in a monochromatic imaging device is shown in Fig. 4. Moreover, this embodiment also uses a video signal generating unit (6), which includes a memory for generating a sequence of video pulses with superimposed clock signals, in accordance with horizontal, vertical scanning clock signals and other clock pulses, from parallel incoming envelope signals of the modulated signals, which further arrives at the display device (7).

In accordance with the fourth embodiment (Fig. 5), in a quasi-color imaging device with an array of antennas, it is possible to use a polling device (2), which delivers successive reference pulses to pulse-amplitude modulation devices (3), in accordance with horizontal and vertical scanning clock signals and other sync pulses. The envelope signal of the modulated signal received from the recovery filter (5) is fed to the video signal generating unit (6), in this case, it is already a sequence of video pulses that forms the final video signal with service clock pulses arriving at the display device (7).

According to the second and fourth embodiments, instead of a broadband antenna with three band-pass filters (10), the imaging device can use a set of antennas containing at least three narrow-band antennas, each of which is tuned to a predetermined frequency different from the predetermined frequency of the other narrow-band antenna . Each of the narrow-band antennas is configured to receive a specific narrow-band signal in accordance with the law of quasi-color decomposition. Moreover, there can be more than three such narrow-band antennas, depending on the desired number of allocated narrow-band signals. Each received signal can be assigned a color.

In accordance with the presented embodiments, instead of an array of antennas, a set of antennas of the imaging device can be arranged in a line of antennas. In this case, the line of antennas is moved by the unit for moving the line of antennas according to a given algorithm to create spatial resolution. As non-limiting examples, such a movement may be an angular movement of the ruler in the range of a given angle of movement around the axis of rotation or linear movement of the ruler at a given speed along the axis of movement.

Claims (19)

1. A device for visualizing electromagnetic radiation, containing
- a set of antennas, including at least one antenna, configured to receive a signal of the visualized radiation,
- a polling device configured to generate and output at least one reference pulse of a given duration,
moreover, the specified duration of the reference pulse is at least two times greater than one period of the received signal of the visualized radiation,
at least one pulse amplitude modulation device configured to generate a modulated signal by modulating the received reference pulse U _{op. imp} specified length signal visualized radiation U _EMR signal received at least one antenna set, and the amplitude of U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude U _{EMP signal} ,
- a low-pass filter configured to transmit a filtered modulated signal,
- a recovery filter configured to generate an envelope signal of the modulated signal,
- a video signal generating unit configured to generate a video signal with induced service clock pulses from at least one envelope signal of the modulated signal,
- a display device that receives a video signal and converts it into an image. 2. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the set of antennas represents a line of antennas. 3. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the set of antennas represents an array of antennas. 4. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising a focusing device configured to pre-focus the signal received by the set of antennas. 5. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the polling device is configured to generate and parallelly supply a reference pulse of a given duration to at least one amplitude-pulse modulation device and the video signal generating unit is configured to generate a video signal from at least one envelope signal modulated signal by converting simultaneously incoming signals into a sequence of pulses with induced service clock pulses. 6. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the polling device is configured to generate and sequentially supply a reference pulse of a given duration to at least one amplitude-pulse modulation device and the video signal generating unit is configured to generate a video signal from at least one envelope signal a modulated signal, while the video signal is a sequence of pulses with induced service clock pulses. 7. The imaging device according to claim 2, further comprising a unit for moving the line of antennas, configured to move the line of antennas according to a predetermined algorithm to create spatial resolution. 8. The imaging device according to claim 1, further comprising an emitter configured to pre-emit the signal to form an amplified reflected or penetrating signal of the imaged radiation. 9. The imaging device according to claim 1, in which at least one antenna of the antenna set is a broadband antenna and the device further comprises an array of bandpass filters including at least one set of at least three bandpass filters, each of which emits a signal a given frequency band different from a given frequency band of another band-pass filter of this set. 10. The imaging device according to claim 1, wherein the set of antennas comprises at least three narrowband antennas, each of which is tuned to a predetermined frequency different from the predetermined frequency of the other narrowband antenna. 11. A method for visualizing electromagnetic radiation, comprising the steps of:
- receive the signal of the visualized radiation using a set of antennas, including at least one antenna, and feed it to the device of amplitude-pulse modulation,
- form and submit to the device for amplitude-pulse modulation a reference pulse of a given duration,
moreover, the specified duration of the reference pulse is at least two times greater than one period of the received signal of the visualized radiation,
- form a modulated signal by means of amplitude-pulse modulation of the reference pulse U _{op. imp} specified length signal visualized radiation U _EMR signal received at least one antenna set, and the amplitude of U _{op. imp is} greater than the maximum amplitude U _{EMP signal} ,
- filter out the noise and pass the filtered modulated signal,
- form the envelope signal of the modulated signal,
- form a video signal from the envelope signal of the modulated signal, with induced clock pulses,
- convert the video signal into an image. 12. The method according to p. 11, in which the signal is visualized radiation using a set of antennas, which is a line of antennas. 13. The method according to p. 11, in which the signal is received visualized radiation using a set of antennas, which is a matrix of antennas. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of pre-focusing the signal received by the antenna set. 15. The method according to p. 11, in which the reference pulse is supplied sequentially or in parallel. 16. The method according to p. 12, further comprising the step of moving the antenna array according to a predetermined algorithm to create spatial resolution. 17. The method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of pre-emitting a signal to form an amplified reflected or penetrating signal of the visualized radiation. 18. The method according to p. 11, which use a broadband antenna as at least one antenna of the antenna set and at least one set of at least three bandpass filters, each of which emits a signal of a given frequency band other than a given frequency band another band-pass filter of this set as a band-pass filter assembly. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein at least three narrowband antennas are used, each of which is tuned to a predetermined frequency different from the predetermined frequency of the other narrowband antenna as a set of antennas.

Images