RU2564864C1 - Flexible breakwater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: breakwater comprises wave-suppression elements connected by one of ends in one point near the bottom, to a weight, and in the other one - by wave-suppression elements having negative buoyancy. The breakwater comprises a bundle of flexible breakwaters with positive buoyancy installed in the entire thickness of water in staggered order with the set interval and fixed to the bottom by means of halyard tightened between weights.

EFFECT: improved design, increased efficiency of use, increased reliability.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shore protection structures and is intended to protect the shores of the seas, lakes and reservoirs [ЕВВ 3/06].

A WAVE ENERGY QUALIFIER is known [RF patent No. 2228994], consisting of a movable wave-suppressing element made in the form of a wall mounted in a fixed base — a foundation block, the cross sections of the wall and the foundation block have a trapezoidal shape, and through channels with varying diameters are made in the wall and the base of the wall is in cross section in the form of a semicircle, with the foundation block in the upper part having a recess congruent to the base of the wall.

The disadvantages of the analogue are a rigid structure made of reinforced concrete, excluding reciprocating movements, high construction costs, as well as the negative impact on the underwater flora and fauna due to leaching of the upper sandy soil.

A DEVICE FOR EXTINGUISHING WAVES IN A WATER BODY is known [USSR author's certificate No. 470566], including a movable wave-suppressing element made in the form of a flexible wall of elastic material, rigidly fixed with a lower edge on a fixed base, equipped with horizontal ribs attached to the wall from the front and back sides, made in the form of hard plates.

The disadvantages of the analogue are low efficiency due to a narrow range of wave numerical characteristics, the instability of the element when exposed to waves whose energy exceeds the energy of the calculated wave, high manufacturing and operating costs associated with the use of steel elements subject to corrosion in the design.

Close in prior art is the HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURE (RF patent No. 2094565), containing several rows of flexible panels, at least one of which is waterproof, the lower edges of which are connected by cables with fasteners in the ground soil, and hollow float elements made with the ability to fill their cavities with air or water and associated with additional cables made adjustable in length by moving them with fasteners in the ground soil.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low reliability due to the rapid wear of waterproof panels and their fastening at significant wave pressure.

Known ARTICLE SUBSTRATE FOR EXTINGUISHING WAVES [RF patent No. 2406798], consisting of wave-extinguishing elements made in the form of a mesh bag filled in one part with stones and in the other wave-extinguishing elements having negative buoyancy, while the bag is intercepted at the border between the parts of the clamp. For additional wave damping, tapes having a fine-mesh surface are fixed on the side surface of the bag.

The disadvantage is low efficiency for the following reasons:

- occupies a small area of kinetic energy resistance along the wave front;

- the structure does not capture the entire excited thickness of the sea in depth and in its construction (directly at the bottom), acts as a rigid underwater breakwater along which strong bottom currents erode, eroding the bottom;

- during the phase of the wave attenuation, it prevents the movement of sand material from the bottom to the shore, thereby causing a shortage of sediment on the beach.

- the collection of stones, boulders and blocks for the construction proposed by the author of the structure [RF patent No. 2406798] will lead to large financial costs.

A device is known according to the patent US 5961251, which is an artificial algae for immersion along the coastline to prevent erosion of coastal zones and enhance accretion (accumulation) of solid particles transported by water. Artificial algae are a single anchor with a simulated algae attached to it. Anchor is raised to the bottom of the coastal zone singly with indentation from others of the same. And they are not staggered, but indented between rows and indented between individual elements. The shift of the installed anchors of adjacent rows along is not considered the strict checkerboard pattern as in the invention we claimed, since this order does not have direct direct contact between the elements of the row. During operation, the anchors under the influence of waves and currents are easily displaced, the currents are carried to great depths or collected in the zones of circulation flows, destroying the established order. This means that there is no expected effect along the length of the coastal zone.

In addition, these artificial algae can be easily shifted or torn by large sharks or dolphins.

They do not give a technical effect and do not protect the coast from abrasion. On the contrary, over time, under the influence of circulating currents, the anchors congregate and form an artificial underwater ledge, beyond which the local coast is not subject to abrasion. However, bottom discontinuous flows arise along them, which carry the sand material to great depths, thereby destroying the beach. The device of US Pat. No. 5,961,251 does not provide a gradual supply of sand material from bottom to shore as an additional sediment budget. At the same time, the beach does not expand in any way, on the contrary, moving and subsequent hilling sharply reduces the effectiveness of the structures used, therefore they cannot provide effective protection of the shores of the seas, lakes and reservoirs from destruction.

For this reason, the claimed technical result: improving the design, increasing the efficiency of use, reducing the cost of manufacture and operation, improving the reliability of the source US 5961251 is not achieved.

The closest analogue is the hydraulic structure according to patent US 3299640. It is a breakwater, consisting of wave-damping elements with a load having negative buoyancy. Its peculiarity is that the wave extinguishing elements according to the patent US 3299640 occupy an underwater position. And this means that the waves rushing ashore on the water surface, unhindered reach the coastal ledge and destroy the coast. So the effect aimed at reducing the wave energy, almost none. The author of US Pat. Therefore, in the prototype, the hydraulic structure is placed not parallel to the wave front, but across it. All experts are well aware that such an orientation of hydraulic structures as buns (similar to the German-built buns in the Baltic in the 25s of the last century) keeps only the alongshore flow of sand deposits, but practice has shown that at the same time compensatory flows arise along these buns ( sometimes up to 1.5-2.0 m / s), which carry material from the beach to great depths.

Prototype differences

The length (Sm) of the wave-suppressing element has a mathematical dependence and depends on the shallow water depth (Nm) and is defined as S = Н + 2.5. This length does not occupy a bottom position, but occupies the entire thickness over the entire depth and is spread over the water surface 10 D (D cm is the diameter of the beams). This provides a significant suppression of wave energy, and hence higher efficiency.

The wave extinguishing elements we offer are installed not across the coastline, but parallel to the coastline in several rows and in a checkerboard pattern, which also increases the efficiency in terms of reducing wave energy when approaching the shore.

If the construction proposed by the prototype author is aimed at protecting ports and port facilities from dependence, where there are strong alongshore streams of sand sediment, then the hydraulic engineering structure declared in our invention is installed in those parts of the coastal zone where the coast is destroyed and there is a shortage of sand sediment. The construction we offer ensures a gradual supply of sand material from the bottom to the shore, which is an additional budget of sediments. At the same time, the beach expands, which, in turn, acts as a shore protection structure.

The purpose of the invention is the destruction of wave energy, simplifying the design and improving performance.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the design, increase the efficiency of use, reduce the cost of manufacture and operation, increase reliability. It also provides a gradual supply of sand material from the bottom to the shore as an additional sediment budget, while the beach expands, which, in turn, acts as a shore protection structure.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a flexible wave breaker is declared, consisting of wave-extinguishing elements connected at one point at the bottom with a load, and at the other - wave-extinguishing elements having negative buoyancy, characterized in that it contains a beam of flexible wave extinguishers with positive buoyancy, installed throughout the water column in a checkerboard pattern with a predetermined interval and fixed to the bottom by means of a halyard stretched between the loads.

Wave suppressors can be made of the finest polystyrene threads with positive buoyancy.

The halyard may be made of corrosion resistant material.

Loads can be made in the form of reinforced concrete blocks.

In the design of the cargo can be provided with eyes made with the possibility of their installation and fastening of the halyard.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The drawing shows a General view of the breakwater.

The implementation of the invention

A flexible breakwater (see drawing) consists of bundles of the finest polystyrene filaments 1 connected at one point at the bottom by one of the ends. The threads in the continuation after the knot are woven together into a rope 2. The free end of the rope is tied to a halyard 3, stretched between at least two weights 4, located at the bottom of the reservoir.

Flexible breakwater is used as follows.

In the zone of critical depths of the coastal zone of the sea, between two cargoes, for example, made in the form of reinforced concrete blocks, a kapron halyard is stretched 50-100 m long, 16 mm in diameter.

Unlike other existing flexible structures, the breakwater proposed by us consists of a system of beams of the finest polystyrene wave-suppressors with positive buoyancy, installed in the water column in a checkerboard pattern with a specified interval.

Each woven rope with a length of S = H + 2.5 m (where H is the shallow water depth in meters) is alternately after 2.5 m attached at one end to the halyard in a checkerboard pattern.

Under the influence of waves, a woven bundle of polystyrene attached to a stretched kapron halyard (for example, 16 mm in diameter, 50-100 m long) quickly dissolves into millions of the thinnest threads and occupies the water column and surface like mud. During the passage of waves, they transform the kinetic energy of the laminar flow into a turbulent flow of unsteady weak currents in the zone of critical depths of the coastal zone of the sea. These weak translational wave oscillations, in turn, feed sand material from the bottom to the beach and gradually increase it. In this case, on the one hand, wave energy is transferred to the flexible medium of the wave breaker, on the other hand, mutual penetration and quenching of the turbulent water flow occurs, i.e. wave dissipation.

Along the width of the coastal zone, the propylene beams of the breakwater are fixed at the bottom and are arranged at a specified interval. The physical meaning of this process is the transition of the kinetic energy of the wave into thermal energy. As a result of the weakening of the energy and wave velocity in the zone of critical depths, hydrodynamic conditions arise that are sufficient for the transfer of loose sand material from the bottom (mainly) to the shore, where they accumulate. Those. if all existing and widely used rigid, as well as other flexible hydraulic structures create strong wave-breaking currents that erode the shore and carry all the sand material to great depths, then the flexible wave breaker we offer, on the contrary, destroys the wave energy before it approaches the shore, and the residual unsteady wave oscillations create favorable conditions for the supply of loose sand material from the bottom to the shore. At the same time, a stable beach is formed that protects the seashore from erosion.

Our flexible wave breaker, unlike others, including hard shore protection structures, constantly carries out hydroelastic vibrations in any direction, thereby reducing the energy and speed of the wave to the shore. In the zone of a flexible breakwater, discontinuous and wave-breaking flows do not occur. Flexible breakwater, unlike other rigid and other shore protection structures, is plastic and waterproof. This eliminates the formation of wave breaking force.

In this case, on the one hand, the wave energy is transferred to the flexible medium of the wave breaker, on the other hand, mutual penetration and quenching of the turbulent water flow occurs.

Useful technical effects from the use of the invention are:

- increasing the efficiency of the application due to the fact that the breakwater carries out constant hydroelastic vibrations in any direction, thereby reducing the energy and speed of the wave;

- an increase in the efficiency of shore protection from erosion due to the fact that, as a result of attenuation of wave energy in the zone of critical depths, hydrodynamic conditions arise that are sufficient to transfer loose sand material from the bottom to the shore and form a stable beach that protects the shore.

- increased application efficiency due to the fact that the installation of a breakwater is possible on any part of the coast for any orientation of the coastline and is independent of the topography and the angle of approach of the wave to the coast;

- increased reliability due to the fact that the design is plastic and waterproof; which eliminates the formation of wave breaking force and creates the conditions for the supply of loose material to the shore to form a beach;

- simplifying the design and reducing the cost of manufacture and operation due to the fact that inexpensive materials that are simple to manufacture and install are used for the manufacture and installation.

Additional useful technical effects are:

an increase in the scope due to the fact that the breakwater can be used in organizing rescue operations in the stormy waters of the sea, when installing at anchor from the windward part of the wave, and when organizing a temporary quiet harbor in the coastal zone for small vessels.

Claims (5)

1. Flexible wave breaker, consisting of wave-damping elements connected at one point at the bottom by the bottom with a load, and in the other - wave-extinguishing elements having negative buoyancy, characterized in that it contains a beam of flexible wave-dampers with positive buoyancy, installed throughout the thickness water in a staggered manner with a given interval and fixed to the bottom by means of a halyard stretched between loads. 2. Flexible wave breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that the wave suppressors are made of the finest polystyrene threads with positive buoyancy. 3. The flexible breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that the halyard is made of a material resistant to corrosion. 4. The flexible breakwater according to claim 1, characterized in that the cargo is made in the form of reinforced concrete blocks. 5. The flexible breakwater according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that in the construction of the cargo there are eyelets made with the possibility of their installation and fastening of the halyard.

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