RU2563624C2 - Method of forming and displaying raster, optical-mechanical display element, optical-mechanical display element control method, stepper motor drive array control method, optomechanical raster display - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, computer engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method and a device for displaying data of a multi-colour bitmap image on a point matrix display screen. Raster is formed using a controlled array of electromechanical elements, which enable to display black-and-white, three primary additive and corresponding secondary colours of the RGB colour model, as well as brightness and saturation thereof with levels determined by display resolution. A correction array of optical elements and an additional light-emitting array are used. The mechanical and optical arrays are controlled using the same current-conducting lines of a single array control system. Elements of the mechanical array are divided into types according to possible alternating of colour sides and into complementary subtypes according to the direction of alternation of colour sides and the direction of change of sides, which are merged into final dimension groups, through the periodic construction of which the full raster is formed.

EFFECT: low power consumption and high operational efficiency when forming and displaying raster information of large and very large formats.

2 cl, 25 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for presenting bitmap multicolor image data on a dot matrix display screen.

State of the art

A display device using a matrix of color-controlled additive or subtractive elements with paint-filled transparent vessels and internal illumination sources is known from the prior art (patent RU 2361285, IPC: G09G 3/22, published 02/14/2006). The vessels are located either next to each other, or one after another, which determines the color model of the image. Despite the high efficiency of this method of forming raster images, it is distinguished by a very high structural and technological complexity, because To display one pixel, three main channels for generating information about the color tone and one or two additional channels for generating information about saturation and brightness are used at once. Both technological complexity and the cost resulting from it impede their widespread market introduction.

Also known is a method and apparatus for presenting multi-color bitmap image data on a dot matrix display screen on which lamps of three primary colors are placed (patent RU 2249257, IPC: G09G 3/20, G09F 9/30 published on 24/03/2000), representing an implementation of a highly functional raster system capable of displaying video and graphic raster information in high quality. This system is distinguished by a very high cost and energy consumption, often not justifying the tasks.

From the prior art, a display device in the form of a blender motor for use in a blender type digital clock is known, comprising a magnetic circuit with a control winding and a rotor in the form of a diametrically magnetized permanent magnet placed on one shaft with an indicator. The housing is made in the form of two plates in which the shaft supports are mounted, fixed by columns, one of which is made magnetically conductive and serves as a means of fixing the rotor when the winding is de-energized. The shaft and turns of the control winding are parallel to the rotor shaft, made at the same time as an indicator in the form of a rotating magnet with a cylindrical side surface (RF patent No. 2020607 C1, IPC: G09F 11/235, H02K 37/00, published September 30, 1994).

The prior art also knows a device that can be used in systems for visualizing the output data of computing devices and displaying information at stadiums, airports, train stations, etc. This device is an indicator and contains a housing in which a viewing window, an axis, an information element are made in the form of a hollow cylindrical glass, on the inner surface of which one of the protrusions of the rotation limiter is placed, an electric drive consisting of a permanent magnet in the form of a disk and an electromagnet with dechnikom and reel (RF Patent №2018976 C1, IPC: G09F 11/23, published 30.08.1994).

The disadvantage of these analogues is that they have only two stable states of the indicator element (head, cylinder), are characterized by high complexity and cost of production.

There is also a display device in the form of an electromechanical drive of a three-color indicator head of a bitmap element containing a base with sockets for installing the stator, rotor and connection leads, a stator with a magnetic circuit and winding and a rotor located axially and allowing the rotor to rotate at a fixed angle, conclusions for sealing in PCB and PCB mounts. The drive is equipped with a rotor fixing mechanism, containing gear and spline elements located at an angle of 120 ° on the rotor shaft and on the base case, with a profile that provides stable fixation in one of three static positions corresponding to one of the colors of the bitmap element in the absence of a pulse control signal , while the fixing force is set by the weight of the rotor; the rotor is made in the form of a direct trihedral prism, the axis of rotation of which is perpendicular to the faces of the base and can be vertical or horizontal, and along the side ribs there are slots for installing ferromagnetic inserts designed to form a stator-rotor magnetic system, one of which has different magnetic properties , which ensures the individuality of the magnetic properties of the stator-rotor system for one of the static positions of the rotor; the lateral faces of the rotor prism have a convex or straight surface, painted in the specified colors and act as a color rendering element of the raster image (RF patent No. 2446547, IPC: H02K 19/10, G09F 11/02, published July 27, 2011).

The disadvantages of this device are the one-level nature of the indication due to the indivisibility of the position of the rotor prism for each of the displayed colors of the raster, the unidirectional rotation of the rotor, a large time for a full update of the display, the absence of a mechanism for setting the initial position and a high probability of errors during operation due to the presence of a fixation section corresponding to an indefinite the state of the system, the inability to achieve a sufficient density of the generated rasters, especially color, containing three times less color components, which also determines its significant linearity and low saturation, structural impossibility of performing internal illumination of the raster.

A known method of pulsed power supply of LEDs using control devices based on circuit solutions of various manufacturers of analog components, for example, the company "ZETEX", using the current accumulated by the inductor in the period of time preceding the operation of the LED. A description of one of the solutions based on the ZXSC300 chip is published in the materials of the Official website: http://www.diodes.com/products/catalog/detail.php?item-id=1733&popup=datasheet The disadvantage of this method is the direct inclusion of the LED directly into the power circuit coils and the inability to use such an inclusion in the matrix control system.

A known device for controlling the radiation of an LED matrix (patent RU 2435337, H05B 43/00, 11/27/2011) containing M keys, the control inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the control circuit, an LED matrix of M to N LEDs forming groups consisting of 1.i, ki, Ni LEDs, and has a block of high precision current stabilizers (a current stabilizer supporting current with an accuracy of at least 1%), the input of which is connected to the output of the control circuit via a data bus for transmitting information, and its output is connected to the cathodes of the LEDs of the corresponding group ppy LEDs, the anodes of each group of LEDs the LED array are connected to corresponding power electrodes of the current M keys, and the other electrodes of these power current switch connected to the positive pole of the power source, and the cathodes of each of the groups of the LED array of LEDs interconnected. In this method, using high-precision current stabilizers, it is impossible to simultaneously control a photomechanical matrix containing LEDs and inductors.

A known method of single-phase control of a stepper motor, to reduce energy loss using a two-pulse control command (patent SU 1690169 A1, H02P 8/00, 07.11.91). The disadvantage of this method is the need to analyze the magnitude of the current to determine the start time of the second pulse, which is not possible with matrix control. In addition, the time interval between pulses is small for its effective use in the matrix control system.

A device for installing printed circuit boards is known, comprising a housing with rails for boards, a circuit board, a base and a pressure bar with fixing elements in the form of bent spring legs with a cantilever part of a rounded shape (RF patent No. 2214699 C2, H05K 5/03, 2001). The necessary rigidity of the device when articulating and fixing the load-bearing structural elements is additionally ensured by the redistribution of external loads on the printed circuit boards. A feature of such a device is the need to use additional fixation elements of the printed circuit boards.

The aim of the invention is to provide a device for the dynamic formation and display of raster images, devoid of these disadvantages.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result, to which the claimed group of inventions is directed, is to create a method of energy-saving forming rasters of large formats, providing a change in the complete information state of each pixel of the raster using a single element controlled by a single channel. So, a pixel at the command of one control channel can change the level, color, brightness and saturation, providing a display of any of the primary colors and part of the secondary colors with discreteness of levels corresponding to the resolution of the output raster. This allows you to generate black, white and primary color rasters with the density of active elements and with a raster resolution in sharpness corresponding to the physical step of the elements, and secondary color and tone rasters with a density of active elements of 80%, corresponding to the maximum possible total number of active elements involved in transmitting such raster, and with a resolution of 66%, corresponding to the structure of their location.

Another technical result is to create a method of forming rasters, providing a higher uniformity of the display of color shades, reducing the visibility of the line structure and the linearity of tone and secondary rasters.

Another technical result is to create a method of forming rasters, providing a high visual density and uniformity of the displayed rasters, an improved observation radiation pattern and enhanced image contrast.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element, capable of providing, when used as a raster pixel, the display of black, white and each of the primary additive colors, as well as part of their shades with discreteness of levels, determined by the bit depth of the element. An important result is the use of a single element control channel.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element that provides the maximum value of the visual area of the indicator zone using an optical corrector.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element having an external rotor, which allows you to place the stator inside it and provide a balanced action on the rotor, without interfering with the display of information by the element and providing high energy characteristics of the drive. It also provides the possibility of implementing bi-directional rotation of the rotor, which reduces the average time of state transition and provides the possibility of an error occurring only within one full revolution and a guaranteed return to the zeroing position.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element, the stator of the electric drive of which contains a single winding and a single core core for each group of poles, which significantly reduces the cost of the product while maintaining all the technical characteristics of the electric drive.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element having a small starting moment due to the compensating rotor weight of the action of the permanent stator magnet, which reduces the time and energy costs of the step. Also, the action of the magnet ensures the stability of the axial force on the rotor, respectively, of the starting axial moment.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element, the stator of which allows the installation of an internal light source operating from the action of stator currents.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical indicator element with a single-phase electric drive and one-sided rotation, which has increased stability of movement and zeroing in a single-phase mode, and in the extreme case allowing the use of one per group of four adjacent elements of a permanent stator magnet, which reduces the cost of manufacturing the final device.

Another technical result is to create a method for controlling a light-mechanical indicator element and a light-mechanical matrix, in which the matrix control system uses single channels and signal transmission lines of control commands of both the light and mechanical matrices, the elements of which are connected electrically channel-wise in parallel, which greatly simplifies the execution of the final device and reduces its cost, in general, ensuring the logical validity of the practical implementation of the project. The use of the exclusively reactive component of the control currents and the absence of active resistances in the control circuits leads to a high efficiency of the system.

Another technical result is to create a method for controlling the photomechanical matrix, which reduces the total time for controlling the matrix and uses the principle of signal compression, based on interrupting the control pulse during the inertial phase transition of the element rotor and filling the resulting time gap with command signals of other elements.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical matrix display that provides high raster display accuracy, reduced raster normalization time and power consumption.

Another technical result is the creation of a photomechanical matrix display having an integrated structure of structural and functional design, implemented on a combination of the block-modular design principle with the universality of tasks performed by functional units.

Another technical result is the creation of a matrix control system for a photomechanical display, which provides control of the light and mechanical matrices along single lines and control channels in a separate and mixed time mode.

To achieve these results, a method for dynamically forming a photomechanical raster using mechanical indicator elements with five consecutively located color sections of the indicator surface, which with the help of an electric drive access the observation side either in one piece or in two adjacent parts, is proposed. Such elements provide the ability to change the complete information state of a color pixel by displaying each element of any of the three primary additive colors of the used color model with a level of brightness and saturation, determined by the bit depth, and use one element control channel. Depending on the design, each element may display the corresponding secondary colors when parts of two adjacent color surfaces are facing the observation side.

Increasing the uniformity of the display of color rasters is achieved by forming pixel groups of elements that are divided into three types and two subspecies, complementary in the direction of alternating sections relative to black and the direction of rotation relative to each other. Elements of one type are arranged in a group diagonally with an alternating period of two, and elements by type and subspecies are arranged vertically with a period of three. The specified order of arrangement of the same type of elements in the group and the periodic arrangement of the groups themselves provide the inclination of the secondary and tone rasters.

To reduce the noticeability of the line structure when displaying reduced levels of black and white and primary rasters, secondary and tone rasters, the elements in adjacent columns of the matrix are arranged in pairs symmetrically with the opposite alternation of color sections and provide a mutually opposite direction of their change, which ensures the arrangement of color zones alternating with respect to the axis of rotation relative to the axis of rotation and the immutability of the boundaries of the line.

To increase the visual density and uniformity of raster perception, increase contrast, form the desired radiation pattern of the raster light flux and observe it, a corrective optical matrix of reflective-refractive elements is used, which has a similar mechanical dimension and is located in front of it along its main optical axis. As refractory collimator elements are used, as reflecting step reflectors.

To implement the method of forming rasters, light-mechanical electrically driven indicator elements are used, having an indicator surface made transparently and reflecting and containing black, white and three color additive sections, the number of drive steps and the angular positions of the element being a multiple of five in accordance with the number of sections. Each element with the help of an electric drive sequentially turns to the side of observation either black or white, or one of the color additive sections, or parts of two conjugate sections, using a single channel for controlling the electric drive. Either the brightness, or saturation, or the color tone of a pixel depends on the ratio of the areas facing the observation side of the color sections; a possible range of relations is determined by the bit depth of the element, which in turn is determined by the number of steps of the electric drive. The direction of the change of sections can be either one or two-sided. The sequence of state display and the ability of the indicator surface to display each state determine the sufficiency of a single sequential control channel for changing states.

To increase the visual area of the indicator zone of the element, either a reflecting or refracting optical corrector is used, or both together. The reflective corrector is installed in the gaps between the boundaries of the indicator zone and the structural boundaries of the element, has a stepped surface forming a predetermined radiation pattern of the reflected flow. A refractive corrector is installed in front of the indicator zone, visually increasing its area and forming a given radiation pattern. As a corrector, a cylindrical collimator such as Fresnel lenses is used.

To ensure high accuracy of the execution of commands, the electromechanical drive of the element is bi-directional reversible with a horizontal axis, the rotor of which is external to the stator and can take steps reversibly in any direction and exactly in the amount corresponding to a full revolution. To this end, the stator magnetic system is multiphase and placed inside the rotor, and its rotation is limited by simple stops within one revolution.

Due to the internal design with respect to the rotor, the stator has an extremely simple design of the magnetic circuits of the pole groups in the form of multi-prong rods with a single phase winding for each. This is possible due to the fact that the rotor does not have a shaft as such, which allows the magnetic circuits and stator windings to be located along the axis of the drive, providing a symmetrical effect of the poles on the magnetic circuit of the rotor.

To reduce the influence of the rotor weight on the starting moment of the electric drive, the passive pole of the stator containing a permanent magnet is asymmetric and contains one magnet whose action is directed against gravity and compensates for the weight of the rotor, reducing the starting moment of friction. In addition, the location of the magnet provides the direction of action of its force on the rotor towards the base and the constancy of the relative axial position of the rotor, which favorably affects the stability of the parameters of magnetic interactions in the stator-rotor drive system, which is distinguished by the extreme simplicity of the design.

Thanks to the internal design, the stator allows you to place a light-emitting diode on its body for internal illumination of the indicator zone, and thanks to the control method used, it is possible to simply connect the LED and the motor winding in parallel, in which the LED is powered by a self-induction current of the winding. In this case, the stator housing can be made of transparent material and have a window opening for better distribution of the light flux towards the indicator zone of the rotor.

For a simplified version of the single-phase execution of the light-mechanical indicator element, the stator of the electric drive contains an additional fixation magnet located on the outer side surface of the rotor magnetic circuit, its lines of force are directed perpendicular to the side surface of the rotor magnetic circuit, and their action extends to four adjacent elements. In this case, the rotor magnetic circuit contains an additional external fixation tooth interacting with an additional fixation magnet with its side face, which creates an additional holding moment in one rotor position corresponding to the starting position.

For the case of extreme simplicity and cheapening of the final device, the light-mechanical indicator element contains an additional external row of teeth designed to interact with the passive pole of the stator, the magnet of which is located on the outer side of the rotor, its magnetic lines of force are directed perpendicular to the side surface of the teeth of the rotor magnetic circuit and their The action extends to four adjacent elements. To create an additional holding moment on the side surface of the base of the rotor magnetic circuit, an additional external protrusion of the calculated height is made, which ensures a large amount of flux linkage with the fixation magnet.

To increase the dynamic range of the transmitted levels and gradations of brightness of each pixel of the raster, a light matrix of a similar dimension is used, located behind the mechanical one along the observation line, each of which is controllable and provides the necessary level of pixel light radiation. At the same time, a fundamental feature of the method of controlling the light-mechanical indicator element, mechanical and light matrices is the use of the same lines, channels and control units of mechanical and light elements having a parallel electrical connection. An electric drive acts as a mechanical element, as a light-emitting diode. Separate control of the processes of mechanical formation and display of the raster and its light modulation along uniform lines is ensured by the presence in the control system of addressable damping diodes with a lower opening threshold, as well as by the different sensitivity of light and mechanical elements to the levels of control actions, and is carried out by means of the distribution of actions during time and their pulse width modulation. For control, only the reactive component of the currents is used due to the presence in the control circuit of such an element as an electric motor winding, capable of accumulating and using reactive energy.

To implement the method of temporary signal compression, a split drive control pulse is used, which provides a three-stroke mode of execution of the phase transition of the electric drive rotor, in which the average clock interval between pulses is used to transmit subsequent control commands, thereby achieving a high signal density in time. The first impulse of the control command tells the rotor the necessary kinetic energy that determines the speed of the phase transition, the second provides compensation for the excess residual energy after the transition and the rotor stops. The number of transmitted commands is determined by the ratio of the duration of the interval between pulses to the duration of the first pulse and makes up the compression group, the inclusion of the first channel in the current compression group is provided by the trailing edge of the second pulse of the last channel in the previous group, the inclusion of the current channel in the compression group is provided by the trailing edge of the first pulse of the previous the included channel in the group.

To implement the proposed method for generating and displaying raster images and controlling the formation processes, a device is proposed - a photomechanical matrix display containing an array of photomechanical indicator elements arranged and commutated in the order of a rectangular matrix with a given number of rows and columns, and using the control methods described above.

The main structural unit of the photomechanical matrix display is a double column unit containing a current-carrying plate base located perpendicular to the main plane of the display. The housings and magnetic circuits of the stators of electromechanical drives, switching and auxiliary elements, light sources, most of which are to be automatically installed on specialized equipment, are placed on the base. Elements belonging to adjacent columns are arranged symmetrically with respect to the current-carrying base, which automatically ensures that the condition for mutually opposite alternation of color faces of the indicator zones is met, using the same type of housing of the indicator elements and the same direction of relative rotation. The fact of doubling the columns into a block ensures their closer contact with each other, reducing the visibility of the vertical structural structure of the raster. The blocks are installed in a sealed enclosure with the plane of their base perpendicular to the base of the enclosure and at the same time serve as stiffeners, forming the specified stability of the raster device design to wind loads. The front wall of the housing cover is made of a transparent material with a given refractive index, on the inner surface of which the refractive elements of the corrective optical matrix are simultaneously executed. Reflectors of optical correctors of photomechanical elements are combined into blocks of a lattice configuration, representing a reflex-type correction matrix, which is cast or stamped with coated mirror surfaces, is mounted on the front faces of the base of the blocks, simultaneously acting as a structural stiffness element and providing additional structural integrity of the group assembly of blocks. The reflector block also contains stops for the front wall of the housing cover, transmitting wind loads to the bases of the structural blocks, providing assembly rigidity normal to the surface.

The matrix matrix control system of the display contains damping diodes, available one at a time for each channel of the matrix column, which are connected via an analog multiplexer switch to the input of an analog demultiplex line switch, transferring the column control channel from the light matrix mode to the mechanical mode. The control system also contains a delay circuit switching threshold damping diodes, providing pseudo-parallel operation of the light and mechanical elements in a mixed mode.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the principle of forming a mechanical raster using a matrix of electromechanical elements.

Figure 2 shows the principle of the formation of the indicator zone by a mechanical element.

Figure 3 shows the principle of transmission of the gradation level of the pixel brightness with a light-mechanical element.

Figure 4 shows the principle of displaying the secondary mechanical colors of the raster by the light-mechanical element and controlling the color tone and brightness.

Figure 5 shows the principle of formation of the total luminous flux of radiation indicator zone.

Figure 6 shows the configuration of the color group of elements.

7 shows the location of the color group in the matrix.

On Fig shows the principle of compensation for reducing the effective thickness of the line when displaying tone and secondary rasters.

Figure 9 shows the principle of improving the visual perception of secondary rasters.

Figure 10 shows the result of the action of the full matrix of the optical corrector.

11 shows a sketch of the general appearance of the indicator element:

On Fig shows the action of the reflex corrector.

On Fig shows the action of the refractive corrector.

On Fig shows the electromagnetic and kinematic diagram of a two-phase electric drive.

On Fig shows the position of the internal light source and the stator of the electric drive.

On Fig shows the electromagnetic and kinematic diagram of a single-phase electric drive element with additional external magnet and a fixing tooth.

On Fig shows the electromagnetic and kinematic diagram of a single-phase electric drive element with additional external row of teeth and an external stator magnet.

On Fig shows a diagram of the formation of control currents of mechanical and light elements.

On Fig shows the principle of use of a two-pulse control command.

On Fig presents a diagram of the distribution of signals in the compression groups.

On Fig shows a sketch of the General layout principle of the structural block.

On Fig shows the location of the blocks in the module and the pairing of two adjacent modules.

On Fig shows an example implementation of the reflective reflective matrix of the module.

On Fig shows the execution of a single fragment of the refractive correction matrix.

On Fig shows a structural diagram of a control system matrix of photomechanical elements.

The implementation of the invention

The implementation of the proposed method of forming rasters, the method of controlling the photomechanical matrix, a description of the design of the photomechanical display element and the photomechanical display based on them is shown in Fig.1 - Fig.25.

Figure 1 - figure 10 is accompanied by a description of the method of formation and display of the photomechanical raster.

Figure 1 shows the matrix 1 of the raster of (m + 1) rows and (n + 1) columns of pixels 2 in the form of mechanical indicator elements 3, connected to the matrix control system n / m; each of the elements is active and transmits information about the current color value and brightness of one pixel of the raster and together form a complete raster. Elements 3 contain a closed indicator surface 4 with five color sections 6-1 - 6-5, each of which can be turned to the observation side in whole or in part, in this case representing indicator zone 5, which displays information about the color and brightness level of the pixel 2 rasters.

To transmit the specified spectral range of the displayed rasters, the RGB color model is used, therefore, the indicator sections of the elements, in addition to black and white, have the color of additive primary colors: red, green and blue.

Thus, with the help of one element and one control channel, this element provides a change in the complete information state of a color pixel and display of each raster pixel along with black and white of any of the primary additive colors and their secondary combinations. For example, by activating the matrix channel with the address n0m0 shown in dashed line in FIG. 1, it sequentially controls the position of the indicator surface 4 with a given resolution and sequentially outputs information on the color of the pixel No. 0-0 from white to black with transitions through the primary colors .

Figure 2 shows a side view of the indicator surface 4 of the element having five color sections 6 and facing the observation side as a whole of one of the sections 6-1, which is white in the indicated example, thereby forming a display zone 5 with an effective display area dS, smaller than the physical the observed area of element 3, onto which the external luminous flux s1Fp falls, forming the illuminance of the area E = dFp / dS. The reflected light flux of the indication zone 5 is determined by diffuse reflection from the portion 6-1 of the flux dФп and is equal to dФo = ko * dФп = ko * E * dS, where ko is the reflection coefficient of the surface material of the indication zone in the spectral range determined by the surface material. Due to the fact that the effective area dS of the indication zone for the five-sided surface 4 is significantly smaller than the observed area of the element 3 having inactive portions 8, the reflected luminous flux is significantly attenuated, which is an obstacle to the undistorted transmission of light portions of the raster and a significant narrowing of the dynamic range of the brightness of the raster. To compensate for this negative property of the five-sided indicator surface, an internal radiation source 7 is introduced with a controlled brightness Vf of radiation, and the surface 4 itself is made reflectively transparent. The luminous flux of radiation dФg of the indication zone 5 is determined by the diffuse absorption of section 6-1 of the light flux of the source, is proportional to dФи≈kп * Bф * dS, where kn is the absorption coefficient of the surface material of the indication zone. The total luminous flux emitted by the indication zone 5 is equal to dФ∑ = dФo + dФи, and is subject to the possibility of both initial setting its value by selecting the reflection and absorption coefficients of the surface dS and operational control by changing the internal brightness Vf of the source 7. The value of the total light flux in relation to its area, the overall brightness of the raster is determined.

For the indicated position of the indicator surface, the output raster will be white, for other positions that also correspond to accessing the observation side entirely with one of the sections, the color of the raster will correspond to the color of the element section. With the position of the indicator surface corresponding to the appeal to the observation side simultaneously by parts of the color sections, two adjacent color indication zones with different spectral luminosities determining the resulting color tone and pixel brightness will be formed.

Thus, using one element and one sequential control channel, this element ensures that each pixel of the raster displays, along with black and white, any of the primary additive colors, two secondary additive colors, and their tones.

Figure 3 shows the position of the indicator surface 4, in which its black and white sections are turned to the side of the observation, which determines the white color of the output raster, but with less brightness, because the total luminous flux dФ∑ = dФo + dФи = ko * E * dSБ + kп * Bф * dSБ is determined mainly by the dSB area of the white surface area and ensures the transmission of the brightness gradation of the white raster. Due to the possibility of controlling the brightness Vf of the internal source, a larger range of transmission of gradations of brightness of the pixel and the raster as a whole is provided, especially in conditions of weak external illumination, when the value of the flux d0n incident on the element is small. In the case where there will be color in the place of the white section, the relative position of the black and color sections, or the ratio of the areas of these sections, will determine the brightness of the pixel and the corresponding color raster, if in the place of the black will be color, the relative position of the white and color sections or the ratio of these areas sections will determine the saturation of the pixel and the corresponding color raster.

Thus, with the help of one element and one sequential control channel for this element, along with primary and secondary colors, each pixel of the raster displays the levels and shades of these colors in sequence.

The indicator sections of the elements, in addition to black 6-2 and white 6-1, have the color of additive primary colors: red section 6-5, green 6-4 and blue 6-3. The plots form a closed sequence, which determines the separation of elements into types depending on the alternation of color plots in relation to each other, and to black and white, and on complementary subspecies depending on the direction of alternation of plots. By types, elements have a different ability to display secondary colors and their tones, according to subspecies, a different ability to change the saturation and brightness of primary colors. Table 1 gives a list of possible types and subspecies of elements and their characteristics as far as possible displaying primary and secondary colors, control color tones, color saturation, brightness.

Table 1. Element Type Yellow / blue Purple / Blue Purple / Yellow Designation one 2 3 Complementary Element Subtype Straight Back Straight Back Straight Back Designation one one' 2 2 ' 3 3 ' Alternating color areas black-white-red-green-blue- white-black-blue-green-red- -black-white-green-blue-red- -white-black-red-blue-green- -black-white-blue-red-green- -white-black-green-red-blue- Direction of alternating sections Clockwise Counter-clockwise Clockwise Counter-clockwise Clockwise Counter-clockwise

Secondary colors and their shades Yellow, blue Yellow, blue Blue, purple Blue, purple Purple yellow Purple yellow Saturation Management Of red Of red Green Green Blue Blue Brightness control Blue Blue Of red Of red Green Green White White White White White White

Figure 4 demonstrates the principle of the display zone 5 of the element 3 of one of their secondary colors of the raster, for example, yellow, and control the color tone and brightness.

Indicator surface 4 faces the observation side in parts of sections 6-5 and 6-4, forming two adjacent sections of display zone 5: red 5-1 with area dSK and green 5-2 with area dS3, and provides a total luminous flux dФ∑ = dФок + dFik + dFoz + dFiz = ko * E * (dSK + dSЗ) + kп * Bф) * (dSк + dSз), the spectral density of which and, accordingly, the color tone is determined by the ratio of the areas of the color zones: H≈dSK / dSз ( dSз / dSк), changing which by different position of the sections in the indicator zone 5, the color tone is controlled, while the total is reflected The flux dФo = dFok + dFoz and the pixel brightness do not change, and it is impossible to control the gradation of the color tone level using the position of the indicator surface 4, and it becomes possible only to control the brightness Vph of the internal source 7, due to which the total emitted flux changes dFi = dFik + dPhys.

When using three-color light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a three-channel element control as a radiation source, it is possible to form a full-color emitted raster with a given discreteness of the output levels used as the main one. In this case, a complete modulation of the color channels of radiation output to the white portion of the indicator surface, which in this case acts as a screen onto which radiation is projected, is performed, and the raster is similar to that in the LED display.

Figure 5 demonstrates the principle of formation of the total luminous flux of radiation dPh with an indicator zone 5 of area dS formed by the white section 6-1 of the indicator surface 4, which is facing the entire observation side, onto which the light fluxes dPG, dFv of a three-color emitter 7 fall. If the emitted raster is used in As an auxiliary one, the selective modulation of color radiation is carried out through the corresponding color channels, output to the corresponding color section of the indicator surface and increasing th range of brightness levels and color tones.

To increase the ability of a raster to display secondary colors and their tones, to control saturation and brightness, pentagonal elements are combined into groups whose resulting effect provides the most favorable perception of gradations of brightness of rasters, tone rasters and their saturation.

Figure 6 shows the configuration of the color group of 9 elements 3 shown in Table 1, which has a logically completed arrangement of the elements by their types, ensuring the frequency of their placement in the raster field, reducing the stringness of the tones of black and white and primary rasters, reducing the stringency and linearity of the secondary rasters and their tones, increasing visual density. This is ensured by the location on one of the diagonals of the matrix of elements of the same type with alternating them in a subspecies with a period T1 equal to two: (-1-1'-1-1'-1- ..., -2-2'-2-2'- 2- ..., -3-3'-3-3'-3 ...), by the vertical arrangement of elements alternating in columns by species or subspecies with a period T2 equal to three: (-1-2-3-1-2- 3- ..., -1'-2'-3'-1'-2'-3'- ...), while ensuring horizontal alternation of each of the subspecies with a period of six: (-1-3'-2-1'- 3-2'-1-3'-2-1'-3-2'- ...). The order of succession by type is determined by the preferences of the system developer.

The full matrix of the raster display device is formed by a predetermined number of color groups.

7 shows the location of color groups 9 in a fragment of the complete matrix 1 and the fulfillment of the periodicity condition T1 and T2. This location must be taken into account when forming the matrix size of the unified functional module and subdivision of structural blocks into types that determine the location of subspecies of elements.

When displaying white gradations, secondary and tonal rasters, their structure is more noticeable due to a decrease in the effective line thickness while reducing the area of active indicator zones, which is compensated by the opposite direction of alternation of indicator zones in complementary elements of the color group, which follows from the order of the elements in the color group and the opposite of the direction of the change of plots. On Fig shows the display of the gradation of the white raster, using the principle of immutability of the line borders. The indicator zones 5 and 5 'of the complementary elements 3 and 3' having the same color and area are located opposite to the horizontal axis of the elements, and their area changes during rotation in opposite directions 10 and 10 '. The fulfillment of these conditions ensures that the visual boundaries of lines 11 and 11 'raster when controlling the brightness, saturation, or tone of the raster.

In Fig.9. The principle of improving the visual perception of secondary rasters and their tones is shown. The arrangement of the elements in the color group ensures the formation of secondary rasters and their tones with reduced linearity, increased density and additional control of brightness and saturation. This is achieved by the difference of the tilt angles with respect to the physical lines of the main virtual additive lines 12 and 12 ', which form the secondary rasters, and auxiliary virtual additive lines 13 and 13' that increase the density of the secondary rasters 1 and provide the ability to control their brightness and saturation.

The brightness level, saturation and color tone of the reflected raster are determined by the ratio of the total area of the color indicator zones in the group 'forming a given tone to the total area of black and white indicator zones, and the internal radiation source with individual brightness for each element provides an increase in the gradation range of these values for each pixel and the entire raster as a whole.

The action of the optical raster corrector is based on the redistribution of the total total luminous flux incident on the element and emitted by the physical indicator zone of the element to those directions that are limited by inactive spurious portions of the observed surface of the element that are not involved in the formation of the signal indication of the pixel of the raster or interfere with its formation . Redistribution can be carried out using reflective or refractive optical elements and an optical matrix formed from them, located in front of the indicator matrix. In fact, the corrector redirects the entire external light flux per area occupied by the element to the surface of the indicator zone, increasing the illumination of the indicator zone, and vice versa, the entire light flux emitted by the indicator zone redirects the entire area occupied by the element, visually increasing the display zone, density and uniformity of the raster .

Another action of the corrector is based on the formation of a vertical raster radiation pattern having a reduced viewing angle in the upper observation sector, which allows you to enhance the luminous flux of the raster radiation by reducing the vertical observation angle, increasing the image contrast.

Correction is performed for raster lines in order to increase their visual thickness and reduce raster contamination by inactive zones of elements when displaying primary, black and white rasters. If necessary, correction is also performed for raster columns in order to visually reduce the gap between the indicator zones.

Figure 10 shows the result of the action of the full corrector matrix:

on the left image is an unadjusted raster, on the right after correction. The corrector provides an enlarged image 5 'of the indicator zones 5 along both axes, or, conversely, a reduced image 14' of the horizontal gaps 14 and a reduced image 15 'of the vertical gaps 15 between the indicator zones 5'. The total luminous flux of the raster after correction undergoes a slight weakening.

To implement the described method of forming a raster, five-sided photomechanical indicator elements with an optical corrector are used. 11 - Fig.17 is accompanied by a description of the photomechanical indicator element in its versions.

11 is a sketch showing the general appearance of the indicator element containing the indicator surface 4, rotating relative to the horizontal axis, with five alternating color sections of the indication 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4, 6-5, current-carrying base 28 s the radio components 29 mounted on it, the stator housing 30, the light source (inside the housing 30), the reflex 31 and the refractive 32 optical correctors. The indicator surface is made transparent-reflective and provides diffuse reflection with its color sections of the external light flux incident on it and also the diffuse radiation of the internal light flux is fixed or made integral with the rotor body 33 made of transparent material. One of the surface sections 6-2 is opaque black, one 6-1 is transparent white, the other three 6-3, 6-4, 6-5 are transparent and have additive colors of the RGB color model.

The action of the reflective (reflex) corrector is illustrated in the figure in Fig. 12. The stepped reflex surfaces 31 are located opposite the horizontal gaps 8 between the indicator zones 5 of the vertically adjacent elements 3 and have such a profile that the reflected and emitted light fluxes of the diffuse surface of the indicator zone 5, reflected from the sections of the profile, follow the directions of the rays 40 and 40 ', forming a vertical angle of observation vertically 41. The sections of the profile of the reflectors 31 have dimensions and quantity determined by the specified angle of view 41 and the radius of curvature R of the indicator sections 5 and 5 ', providing Considering the permissible discreteness of the display of the indicator zone by reflex surfaces 31.

The action of the refractive corrector is illustrated in the figure in Fig. 13, which shows the path of the rays through the areas of the refracting surface 32, which, like the reflex one, redirects any of the 40 and 40 'lines of sight in the range of the vertical observation angle 41 to the indicator zone 5 and 5'. The refractive correctors contain step elements 43, geometrical axes located along the axis of the element and having an interface 42 of the media, providing a deviation of the rays 40 and 40 'passing through them in the direction of the indicator zone 5 and orot. The sizes and number of stepped sections 43 are determined by the specified angle of view 41 and the radius of curvature R of the sections 5 and 5 'of the indicator zone. The advantage of a refractive corrector is the ability to perform it along with a transparent cover of the device.

The horizontal position of the axis of rotation is fundamentally significant for the implementation of the indicator element having five consecutive color sections on a rotating surface, in another case, the horizontal viewing angle is sharply narrowed.

The rotor of the electric drive is made external to the stator, the rotor magnetic circuit is made with an annular base on which the inner row of teeth is located with a step corresponding to the step of the drive and a number multiple of five. The rotor rotation is bidirectional and is limited by simple stops within one full revolution, which are points of the beginning and end of the execution of the rotor rotation cycle.

Due to the internal location of the stator, it is possible to use symmetrical cores with a single phase winding having a balanced effect on the rotor due to the minimum distance of the centers of symmetry of the cores from the axis of the rotor.

On Fig shows a diagram of the electromagnetic system of a two-phase drive indicator surface. The indicator surface 4 is mounted on the rotor of the drive having an annular magnetic circuit 35 with an inner row of teeth 36. The two-phase stator contains single-core cores 27-1 and 27-2, on which simple row windings 22-1 and 22-2 are installed, and a permanent magnet 34, interacting with the rotor magnetic circuit by one of the poles. To compensate for the asymmetry of the action and the reduced efficiency of the unipolar core (magnet 34), its position is chosen such (see the right figure) to ensure the presence of the vertical component Fy of the force Fb of the magnet 34 directed perpendicular to the O axis towards the O axis and the axial component Fx the force Fb of the magnet directed along the O axis towards the base 28. The vertical component Fy compensates for the force ft of the rotor weight and reduces the friction moment in the rotor support, which is especially important for the action of a single-pole magnet 34 in the phase of completion of the rotor step, when the component of the magnet force Fm (in the left figure), which determines the rotor torque, approaches zero. When the condition Fy = FT is fulfilled, the resulting vertical force is zero and does not contribute to a decrease in the torque developed due to the action of the magnet force Fm and the stator core force F. The component Fx, having an axial direction, provides for fixing the position of the rotor along the O axis in the direction of the base, the stability of its position relative to the stator and, as a consequence, the degree of interaction with the stator.

The current-carrying base 28 is used alone for two coaxial adjacent elements, which makes it possible to use also one magnet 34, which interacts simultaneously with the teeth 36 (1) of the rotor of the first element and with the teeth 36 (2) of the rotor of the second element. This arrangement is advisable from an economic point of view, which is very important with a large number of elements in one device. This point of view also does not allow the use of the classic multi-winding arrangement of a two-phase stator. With single-winding, the problem arises of the placement of cores 27, which for this purpose are single-core, with their magnetic axis as close as possible to the axis of the rotor. This reduces the effect of the resulting force Fp on the rotor axis, which is the vector sum of the components ± Fr and ± Fп of the force acting from the pole teeth of the stator 37 on the teeth of the rotor 36 (Fig. Left). This reduces the radial load on the drive axis and reduces the friction moment, providing maximum drive sensitivity.

The operation of the electromagnetic drive system with two-phase control and the use of a permanent magnet to fix the position and as the third pole of the stator is essentially the same as the operation of a jet stepper motor. In the initial position, there is no signal in the windings and the rotor is fixed by the magnetic field of the pole S of the magnet 34, which acts on one of the teeth 36, which is opposite the magnet. If the control command is first sent to the stator winding 22-1, the action of the magnetic field of the core 27-1 will provide a direction of the force F acting tangentially on the teeth 36 of the rotor magnetic circuit and create a counterclockwise torque, providing the first rotor rotation by an angle equal to one third of the full pitch of the drive, until the centers of the teeth coincide. If the first control command is applied to the stator winding 22-2, the magnetic field of the core 27-2 will provide the direction of force -F and the first turn one third of a step in a clockwise direction. The second rotation, also by an angle equal to one third of the complete step of the drive, is provided at the completion of the control current in the first winding and its action in the second. The third rotation at an angle equal to one third of the full step of the drive is provided at the end of the control current in the second winding by the action of the force from the permanent magnet 34, completing the execution of the full step of the rotor. With full three-phase control, a third winding core is used instead of magnet 34.

On Fig sketchically shows the appearance of the housing 30 of the element with a light emitting diode 7 located inside it, together mounted on the current-carrying base 28, and its location relative to the indicator zone 5 of the surface 4. The housing 30 contains a base 44 with sockets 45 for installing magnetic cores of the stator with protruding teeth 37, the support shafts 48-1 and 48-2 for mounting the rotor, the window 49 of the LED 7 facing the indicator zone 5 of the surface 4. The housing 30 can be made of transparent material for better distribution of radiation luminous flux d0 and less dependent on the radiation pattern of source 7. LED 7 in the case of one or two-phase control of the element is single-channel and connected 46 to the terminals 47 of one of the stator windings using tracks of the current-carrying base 28, in the case of three-phase control, the LED is three-channel and its findings connected to the windings in parallel to the channel. In both cases, self-induction currents (extracurrents) of the windings are used to power the LED with the corresponding formation of separate control commands.

As a special case, a drive with one winding and single-phase control is used, providing the rotor movement in only one direction, which therefore will be cyclic. This mode is justified from an economic point of view and requires taking measures to provide feedback in the system on the position of the rotor for at least one of the drive steps corresponding to the reference point — the “zero” step. This condition is provided by differing rotor fixing parameters for a given step. In order not to introduce an imbalance in the magnetic system of the rotor, an additional fixation magnet of significantly lower force is used, which is installed outside the rotor and interacts with an additional external tooth of the rotor magnetic circuit. In this case, the action of one magnet simultaneously spreads to four adjacent elements.

The electromagnetic circuit of the electric drive with a single-phase winding, an additional magnet and an external tooth is shown in Fig. 16. The rotor magnetic circuit has an annular base 35 on which the inner row of teeth 36 is located. The stator magnetic circuit 27 has a simple completely symmetrical rod structure and contains two NS poles on which the teeth 37 are located, which interact with the inner row of rotor teeth 36, ensuring the occurrence of force F, always directed only in one direction and creating a rotor torque. An additional tooth 39 is located on the outer side of the rotor base 35, interacting with its side face with an additional magnet 50 located in the base of the base 28, as a result of which an additional fixing moment is provided in this rotor position, which requires a large amount of control power to overcome. Thus, the presence of feedback in the system by the position of the rotor, taken as "zero", which is characterized by a greater level of control action. If in this position the rotor is exposed to a standard level, it will not be enough to start the step, and the rotor will remain in this position until the moment the increased impact arrives. The position of the additional magnet 50 makes it possible to use it simultaneously for two adjacent coaxial pairs of elements.

To further simplify the system, the rotor magnetic circuit is carried out with an additional external row of teeth, the number and pitch of which correspond to the main inner row, the stator magnet is carried outside the rotor, and the direction of its magnetic lines of force is directed along the axis of the rotor and acts on the side surfaces of the outer row of teeth, on the side the face of one of which has an additional tooth, providing an additional fixing force, which determines the position of the "zero" step. The action of one magnet simultaneously applies to four conjugate elements, while there are no differences in the magnitude of the effect on the rotor located above the magnet with respect to the rotor below the magnet, because the action of the lines of force of the magnet is directed along the axis of the rotors, and does not add up to the action of the gravity of the rotors, while maintaining the equality of the friction moments for any of them. However, this arrangement feature does not provide compensation for the asymmetry of the magnet in the radial direction and the weight of the rotor, which negatively affects the sensitivity and accuracy of the drive. The feasibility of using such a drive option can only be justified by the economic side of the question.

The electromagnetic circuit of the electric drive with a single-phase winding, an additional external row of teeth of the rotor magnetic circuit and an external stator magnet is shown in Fig. 17.

The rotor magnetic circuit 35 contains an external row of teeth 38 interacting with the stator magnet 34, which is taken out of the rotor for this purpose and installed in the socket of the base 28 so that its poles act with a force Fm simultaneously on two pairs of adjacent adjacent rotors (Fig. To the right) with respect to prongs 38 (1), 38 (2), 38 (3), 38 (4) of the outer row. An additional protrusion 51 on the side surface of the rotor magnetic circuit 35 is located on the side of the base 28 and provides an increased moment of fixation in one of the positions of the rotor, the value of which is determined by the calculated height of the protrusion 51 above the surface of the base 35 towards the magnet 34.

Fig.18 - Fig.20 is accompanied by a description of a method for separately controlling mechanical and light elements of a photomechanical matrix and a method of compacted matrix control using a double pulse of a control command.

The method for controlling a light-mechanical element containing a parallel connected light-emitting diode (LED) and an electric winding damped by a pulse diode is based on a substantially larger, three or more volts, forward LED transition voltage compared to this value for a pulse damping diode, which has a forward voltage six tenths of a volt. When the LED and the pulse diode are connected to the winding, the self-induction current of the winding (extracurrent) flows through the diode with a lower junction potential, i.e. through pulsed. When disconnecting it from the winding, the current will flow through the LED, causing it to glow. Since the amplitude of the LED current is much smaller than the amplitude of the operating current of the electric drive, the drive does not respond to the current through the LEDs. Thus, the transition from LED control to control of the drive is carried out by simply connecting to the parallel-connected LEDs and the winding of the damping diode having a lower opening threshold compared to with LED.

On Fig presents a simplified diagram of the inclusion of the winding 22 of the electric drive and the light source, which is used as the LED 7. The circuit contains three current circuits, each of which flows through the winding 22: in the circuits I and II, the formation of the total control current of the electric drive of the photomechanical element , and in circuits I and III the formation of the total control current of the light emitter of the photomechanical element. General power is supplied from the source 16 of the pulsed EMF through the switch key of the rows 24 along the live lines of the bus 19 lines and bus 20 columns. When the contacts of the circuit breaker 18 are closed, circuit II is closed and a damping diode 17 is connected to the coil 22. The source 16 of the pulsed EMF excites a current Ik1 in circuit I of a value that is a function of pulse duration t and pulse amplitude E. After completion of the current Ik1 in circuit I, which provided energy storage in the winding 22, when the key 24 is turned off, the winding current begins to flow in circuit II of the damping diode 17, thereby continuing to generate the current Ik2 of the power supply to the winding 22. Moreover, the current in circuit III does not flow due to the high potential of switching on the transition of LED 7, shunted by the diode 17. When the contacts of the switch 18 are open, the circuit of the damping diode 17 is broken and after the completion of the 1k1 current in circuit I, the winding current begins to flow in circuit III, forming the supply current Ik3 of LED 7. Since the actuator’s response threshold is significantly higher than the LED turn-on threshold, then the mutual influence of the control actions is eliminated, and it becomes possible to control the light and mechanical elements separately in a single current-carrying line. The absence of active resistance of the winding and LED in the control circuits ensures a high efficiency of the system.

In order to be able to temporally compress the control signals of the mechanical elements of the matrix and reduce the total time of the matrix control, a three-stroke control mode is used in each active phase. Since the inertia of the mechanical drive system in energy conversion processes is high, and the rate of completion of processes is low, the duration of the control action can be significantly less than the duration of the execution of the processes by the mechanical system. Taking into account the extremely small values of the required torques for the rotation of the indicator surface, it does not seem advisable to continuously act on the forces ensuring constant acceleration and overcoming the moment of inertia of the rotor at maximum speed. More significant is the total time the matrix is controlled, which is more related to the speed of distribution of control signals in the matrix system, rather than the speed of completion of the control process for each of the elements of the matrix.

By making the process of moving the rotor uncontrollable in a certain section of the turning trajectory, and leaving the processes of initial acceleration, final acceleration and damping of mechanical vibrations controlled, it becomes possible to split the control command pulse in two, and to ensure the sequential transmission of control commands to other elements in the resulting gap between the pulses.

The principle of such control, based on the message to the rotor of the accelerating pulse of the moment due to the action of the magnetic field strength of the calculated value from the stator in the first control cycle, the subsequent inertial movement in the second cycle due to the acquired kinetic energy in the first cycle, and the completion of the control phase in the third cycle, shown in FIG.

In fig. and Fig. 19 is a diagram of a single-cycle execution of a phase transition dS of the rotor. The beginning of the disturbance at time to corresponds to the initial relative position of the teeth 36 of the rotor magnetic circuit and 37 of the stator magnetic circuit, which characterizes the nonequilibrium state of the system in which there is an influence I (t), and which continues throughout the process of balancing the system when its phase state changes until time t4. The nature of the processes of energy conversion occurring under the influence of the control current I (t) that cause acceleration a (t) and a constant increase in the speed v (t) to the point of equilibrium of the system at the time t3 of coincidence of the centers of teeth 36 and 37, relative to which a further oscillatory balancing process is performed before the end of the current I (t), the time t4 is standard for stepper motors when power take-off from the rotor shaft is required.

Fig. B Fig.19 shows a diagram of the three-stroke execution of the phase transition dS in the case when the control signal consists of two current pulses I ₁ (t) of duration τ1 and I2 (t) of duration τ2, separated by a gap τ3. This mode is advisable precisely in a system where power is not required from the rotor shaft and the maximum speed of phase transitions is not required.

During the action of the first disturbance pulse I1 (t), kinetic energy is proportional to the rotor speed v1 (t) due to the acceleration a1 (t) obtained by the rotor, which is sufficient to inertially overcome the gap dS-1 less than dS by a given amount, s decreasing speed v3 (t). At the time t2 of the beginning of the second pulse I2 (t), the speed v3 (t) is still positive, and in the time interval t2-t3 the additional acceleration a2 (t) is communicated to the rotor to reliably complete the transition with speed v2 (t). The oscillatory process of the final balancing of the system is of a similar nature, but with smaller amplitudes and time.

The total duration TdS3 of a three-stroke control command is longer than the duration TdS1 of a single-cycle control due to the lower resulting speed of processes in a mechanical system. At the same time, the total duration of the active phases in tacts τ1 and τ2 of the control action is significantly, by 1-3 orders of magnitude, less than the duration of the intermediate inactive phase τ3, during which the channel and system control lines are released to transmit control signals to the remaining elements of the matrix, the possible number of which corresponds to the integer ratio τ3 / τ1, and determines the size of the signal compression group.

On Fig presents a diagram of the distribution of signals in the compression groups. An example is the control of a matrix of 15 elements that are affected by the signals of control commands in channels 1-15, combined into three connected groups G1-G3, the number of channels in which is equal to the smallest integer ratio of the gap Tg between the leading edges of the control pulses I1 (t) and I2 (t) to the duration of the first pulse I1 (t).

The inclusion of the current channel in the group is provided by the trailing edge of the first pulse I1 (t) of the previous included channel in the group. So, if we consider channel 2 in group G1 to be current, then it will turn on at time t2, which coincides with the trailing edge of the first pulse I1 (t) of the control signal operating in channel 1 of group G1, turned on by the previous one in this group.

The inclusion of the first channel in the current group is provided by the trailing edge of the second pulse of the last channel in the previous group. So, if we consider the current group G2, then the inclusion of channel 6, the first in it, will occur at time t3, which coincides with the trailing edge of the second pulse I2 (t) of the control signal operating in the last channel 5 of group G1.

The total matrix control time Tm is equal to the time interval between the leading edge of the first pulse of the first turned on channel in the first group and the falling edge of the second pulse of the last channel in the last group. For unconsolidated control, the total matrix control time would be 15 full intervals Tsh of step execution, which is significantly longer than the compacted control time.

Fig.21 - Fig.25 is accompanied by a description of the proposed photomechanical display.

A device that uses the methods described above and a photomechanical indicator element is a photomechanical display consisting of a supporting frame that provides structural strength, an array of functionally complete modules connected to a control signal distribution network, and an electronic matrix control and switching unit. Each of the modules consists of a group of identical structural blocks, has a housing, a rear protective cover and a front transparent cover, providing dust and moisture protection.

The construction block combines two rows of elements that form two complementary columns and are installed on opposite surfaces of a current-carrying plate base, but which has elements for installing a corrective optical matrix, fasteners on the module case, and slots for installing permanent magnets of adjacent pairs of elements. The general layout principle of the block is sketchily shown in FIG.

On the current-carrying base 28 of bilateral foil material on both sides are light-mechanical elements 3, forming two vertical rows A and A 'of elements according to their complementary subspecies. The bases 28 of blocks 52 are mounted on the base 59 of the module case (fragment shown) is perpendicular to the plane of the base 59, and they serve as an additional element of the structural rigidity of the module, which allows the wind loads Fв acting on the surface of the front wall of the cover 62 of the module to be transmitted through the supports 64 to the base 59, and from it through the connection 66 (shown conditionally) to the carrier base 65 of the display. Since the number of blocks in the display is significant, a high total structural rigidity is ensured, which makes it possible to evenly absorb wind loads Fв.

The location of the blocks in the module and the pairing of two adjacent modules are shown in Fig.22. Blocks 52 of elements 3 mounted on a current-carrying base 28 are arranged vertically with an interblock gap X2, forming a functionally complete module 53 having a given number of columns A and A '. The adjacent modules 53 and 53' have an intermodular gap XI with a dimension comparable to the row spacing X3 , the value of which is determined mainly by the thickness of the base 28. The direction of the change of indicator sections in columns A and A 'is opposite.

The module case has a vibration-absorbing base, side walls, a control board compartment, assembly blocks for constructing blocks, fixing units for the front cover, an abutment profile and seals for the rear cover, which in turn has a seal profile for the front transparent windproof cover along the entire perimeter of their mutual abutment, providing insulation of the inner module volume and dust and water tightness.

On Fig sketchy shows an example of the execution of the matrix of reflex correctors and its placement in the functional module. The reflective reflector matrix is made in the form of a solid-molded (stamped) block 56, the dimension of which in the extreme case corresponds to the dimension of the module, and is mounted on the bases of 28 blocks using fastening nodes 60 of the latch type. Due to its integral lattice structure, the supporting base of the matrix 56 also serves as an additional unit for fixing and positioning the bases of the 28 blocks horizontally, which simplifies the implementation of the attachment points of the blocks on the base 59 of the module housing. The stops 64 are used to transfer loads from the front wall of the cover caused by wind exposure to the base 28 of the block, and from it to the base 59 of the module 53.

On Fig shows the execution of the refractive correction matrix and its position relative to the remaining nodes in the module (fragment). Since a transparent cover is used for the dust and moisture protection of the module, the refracting collimator matrix 32 is performed on the inner surface of the front wall 62 of the module cover 63 to increase the manufacturability, while the material with the required refractive index is used for the manufacture. The collimator 32, together with the reflector 31, provides the maximum correction effect for the display of the indicator zone 5 of the surface 4. The presence of an array of stops 64 allows the loads acting on the surface of the cover 62 to be uniformly transmitted through the bases 28 of the structural blocks to the base 59 of the module, which makes it possible to seal the module and pre-correct pressure to compensate for the thermal pressure difference in the sealed compartment of the module.

For the possibility of a fundamentally simple switching of a group of photomechanical elements of the matrix from the drive control mode to the light emitter control mode, the matrix control system of the photomechanical display contains an addressable circuit for damping diodes.

On Fig shows a structural diagram of the control system of the matrix 1, consisting of multiplexer diodes 21, windings 22 of the electromechanical elements and LED 7, containing three channel switches: analog demultiplexer switch 24 rows, analog demultiplexer switch 25 columns, analog multiplexer switch 18 damping diodes 17 , anodes connected to the outputs of the keys of the switch 25.

Using the switches 24 and 25, the address energy is pumped into the winding 22 from the EMF source 16, and using the switches 24 and 18, the damping diodes 17 are addressed off, causing the current accumulated by the winding 22 to flow through the LED 7, corresponding to the current address determined by the numbers of the switched on channels rows and columns. So, if the key "0" of the switch 24 and the key "0" of the switch 25 are turned on, then energy will be pumped into the winding 22 of the element with the address "0-0", and if the key "0" of the switch 18 is open, the accumulated current will flow through LED 7 with the address "0-0", with the key "0" of the switch 18 closed, current flows through the damping diode 17, completing the process of controlling the drive with the address "0-0". The damping diode 17 is used alone for all elements of the column to which it is connected, which greatly simplifies the construction of the system. The diode 17 opening threshold delay circuit 23 provides the possibility of partial current removal in the node A through the LEDs 7 with the switch 18 turned on, causing them to glow simultaneously with the operation of the electric drive 22. This provides auxiliary illumination of the matrix during the drive control processes.

Claims (2)

1. The method of forming and displaying the raster, which consists in the fact that the formation of the raster is carried out using a matrix of mechanical indicator elements having a rotating indicator surface with several color sections displaying information about the current state of the pixel, collectively transmitting information about the color tone, saturation and brightness raster by mixing the reflected light flux from the color sections, and the matrix of light-emitting elements placed behind the indicator surface of the mechanical ementov and displaying information by modulating the brightness of emission luminance, together connected to a matrix control system, the raster is divided into a plurality of pixel groups, each of which is composed of a plurality of pixels arranged next to each other, characterized in that
changing the full informational state of a color pixel with a given discreteness of levels is carried out using one element and one control channel by accessing the observation side of one or part of two of the consecutively located black, white and three color, having the colors of the additive color model of the image, sections of the indicator surface of the element,
pixel groups are formed of eighteen elements, which are divided into three types according to the alternation of color sections and two complementary subspecies in the direction of alternation of color sections relative to black and the direction of rotation of the surface, elements of one type are placed in a group diagonally with a period of alternation of two subspecies, elements by type and subspecies are arranged vertically with an alternating period of three,
To increase the visual density of the raster and the formation of a given pattern of observation, using a corrective optical matrix. 2. Photomechanical matrix display containing the required number of functional modules having a housing with a transparent cover mounted on a supporting frame, and a matrix control system, characterized in that
the specified display is made using the method of forming and displaying a raster according to claim 1,
the modules include structural blocks of dual complementary columns of the display matrix containing a current-carrying plate base, the plane of which is perpendicular to the main plane of the display,
reflector reflectors of optical correctors of photomechanical elements are combined into lattice blocks, mounted on the front faces of the bases of the structural blocks and contain stops for the front wall of the module cover, at the same time as the optical refractors are refracted,
the matrix control system contains one damping diodes for each column control channel that are addressable via an analog multiplexer switch, and a diode opening threshold delay circuit to the input of an analog demultiplexer row switch.

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