RU2562623C1 - Continuous washing swivel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: device includes body, feed-through barrel with openings, tube for drill mud delivery, bearings, cups, covers, continuous washing system that includes continuous washing cross-over shoe with side port. In the body there is an additional opening with control rod for side port valve in the continuous washing cross-over shoe. In a gap between the rod surface and opening in the body there are sealants with potential back-and-forth and rotary movement of the rod. During the period of well washing through the side port the continuous washing swivel is placed at the cross-over shoe, at any other time it is placed above the rotary table. In process of well washing in a circular gap between the cross-over shoe surface and inner surface of the table there are two groups of circular sealants.

EFFECT: expanded processing capabilities at drilling and continuous washing.

5 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the drilling of oil and gas wells with different trajectories of their trunk, the construction of which is carried out on land and at sea.

Continuous circulation of the drilling fluid and flushing the well, not only during drilling, but also when building and raising the drill string, is currently in demand technological mode. It is especially relevant if there is a risk of complications in the wellbore, when drilling long horizontal shafts or deviated wells with a large deviation from the vertical, or when drilling with pressure control, drilling on a depression and other cases.

To create continuous circulation, a special sub is used (Sub for Continuous Flushing - PNP), which is built into the drill pipe string, and the hydraulic drilling fluid supply system for flushing the well is modified. There is information about the PNP company Managed Pressure Operations International Ltd (MPO), from the journal. "The Time of Coiled Tubing" dated July 24, 2012, in the article: "The MPO company expands the supply of the Non-Stop Driller Continuous Circulation System." According to available information, this PNP contains two valves - one for regulating (open-closed) conventional flushing, the other for supplying the solution through the side port available in the PNP. In conventional drilling, the direct flush valve is open and the side port valve is closed. Drilling fluid flows through the main flushing system and through the upper pipe into the drill string. During the build-up, the drilling fluid is brought to the side of the PNP port by the bypass line of the manifold, the direct flushing channel is blocked by the valve, and the side opens. At the same time, the upper pipe can be disconnected for extension, and the flushing of the well will continue through the side port for flushing the PNP. After building up the drill string, the direct flushing channel through the upper pipe opens again, and the side port is blocked. The bypass line of the manifold is disconnected from the side port of the PNP and well drilling continues. Obviously, a certain amount of EOR equal to the number of extensions is used, each of them is included in the drill pipe string, and is used a second time during the rise, providing continuous flushing of the well without interrupting the circulation of the drilling fluid.

Consider a continuous flushing system using the technology and devices described in US Pat. No. 7,308,952 B2 as of December 18. 2007 by Semen Iosiphovich Strazhgorodskiy - Underbalanced Drilling Method And Apparatus. Here in the PNP, instead of two flow control valves, one is used, in the form of a three-way ball valve (TSHK). The PNP scheme with a ball valve and its operating principle is illustrated in FIG. 1. Two provisions of TSHK provide:

- in FIG. 1a - flushing the well when the flow of the drilling fluid (shown by arrows) passes along the axis of the oil flow - position 1;

- in FIG. 1b - TShK is in the position when the lateral oil flow port opens, providing flushing of the well through it (the direction of flow is also shown by arrows) - position 2.

Crane control, i.e. its translation from position 1 to position 2 is carried out by turning the key 90 degrees, which is inserted into the head of the control rod TSHK, removed through the body of the PNP to its side surface. The head of the rod and the hole for flushing - the side port in the PNP, are located in the same plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the PNP. The side port is inoperative blocked by a plug; To ensure flushing, a special nozzle is installed in the side port of the PNP, which ensures the tightness of the connection of the washing line with the PNP.

The hydraulic circuit of the continuous flushing system is shown in FIG. 2. Normal flushing mode, i.e. when the TSH in the EOR integrated into the drill string is open for fluid flow along its axis (position 1), it is shown schematically in FIG. 2a. In FIG. Figure 2b schematically shows the flushing mode when the TSH is in position 2. The continuous flushing manifold includes a bypass line and valves for switching flows - valve 1 and valve 2. The system also has a pressure relief line including a discharge hose, a discharge valve, and a discharge container. The end of the bypass line is equipped with a nozzle that tightly connects the side port of the PNP with the bypass line of the manifold.

When building a drill string, the following operations are performed:

- removes the plug plugging the side port of the PNP (not shown in the diagrams);

- by means of a branch pipe, the PNP side port is hermetically connected to the bypass flushing line;

- faucet 2 opens, ensuring the supply of solution to the bypass flushing line;

- by turning the key inserted into the head of the TSH control rod, it is transferred to position 2, blocking the access of drilling fluid from the main line of the manifold and at the same time opening its supply to the drill string from the bypass line;

- crane 1 stops the flow of drilling fluid into the main manifold line and into the upper pipe;

- the upper pipe is disconnected from the drill string;

- a loner is growing (candle) with PUP, TShK in which it is installed in position 1;

- crane 1 restores the flow of drilling fluid into the manifold line and into the upper pipe;

- TSH in the oil recovery unit is moved to position 1, blocking the access to the drilling fluid from the bypass line of the manifold and opening it to the drill string from the main line of the manifold;

- the valve 2 is closed on the bypass line, stopping the flow of drilling fluid into it;

- Bypass valve relieves pressure in the bypass line;

- the side port pipe, together with the bypass line, is disconnected from the PNP;

- the plug of the PNP side port is wrapped in place;

- Well drilling continues.

These well-known systems, despite the effectiveness of continuous flushing wells, have a number of disadvantages that do not fully realize their advantages and limit their scope. The main disadvantage of the considered devices is the inability to rotate the drill string when flushing through the side port of the PNP - when building or lifting. Indeed, the tight connection of the bypass flushing line to the PNP side port using the nozzle does not only allow the drill string to rotate, but can deform this nozzle and side port, or break the joint tightness even with small displacements of the drill string.

However, there is a device, and it is widely used for supplying drilling fluid simultaneously with the rotation of the drill string. Such a device is a washing swivel, the operation of which is analyzed using the example of a well-known washing swivel of the VP-50 type (TU 3666-008-00221801-98), a schematic drawing of which is presented in FIG. 3. It consists of a housing with a nozzle for connection to the flushing line using a quick-connect. Inside the body is a trunk, which is a pipe segment, at the lower end of which there is a thread for connection with a drill pipe string, and the upper part of which is muffled by a cap. The barrel rotates freely relative to the housing due to two ball bearings, which are fixed in the housing using two covers. Felt rings are installed in the covers to protect the bearings from dirt and dust. Sealing the inner cavity of the swivel body is carried out by cuffs. When flushing the drill string, the swivel is suspended on the elevator by the cap, and the mud hose is attached to the flushing nozzle. In the wall of the swivel shaft there are holes through which flushing fluid from the nozzle and the cavity of the swivel body enters the barrel and through it into the drill pipe. The entire load from the weight of the drill pipe string is absorbed by the barrel with the cap.

Flushing swivel is the closest technical solution to the claimed one, however, its limitations and disadvantages do not allow it to be used in a continuous flushing system. The most significant of them include the obligatory location of the flushing swivel at the upper end of the drill string (due to the cap-cap at the upper end of its trunk), the small inner diameter of the swivel trunk, the functional impossibility and the absence of mechanisms for controlling the side port valve in the oil rig. Therefore, in order to use the swivel swivel in a continuous well flushing system, it is necessary to eliminate these drawbacks and modify it.

The aim of the invention is to ensure the rotation of the drill string when flushing the well through the side port of the sub continuous flushing.

This goal is achieved in that a modified flushing swivel comprising a housing, a barrel with holes in its wall for flushing, a pipe for supplying drilling fluid to the housing, bearings that rotate the housing relative to the barrel, cuffs to seal the gap between the barrel and the housing, covers, for fastening the entire structure to the swivel shaft and a continuous flushing system for the well, including a continuous flushing sub with a side port, a side port valve, a control mechanism for this valve and a system hydraulic piping, ensuring the flow of drilling fluid to the upper end of the continuous flushing sub and to its lateral port located above the rotor table, the barrel of the modified flushing swivel in the axial direction is made through, and the size of the inner diameter of the barrel provides coaxial placement of the barrel and the modified flushing swivel as a whole on drill pipe string and its unhindered movement in this position along the drill pipe string, at least above the rotor table, and in The modified washing swivel housing has an additional hole in which the side port valve control rod is placed in the continuous flushing sub, seals are installed in the gap between the surface of this rod and the hole in the swivel body to seal this gap, with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movement of the control rod in the process flushing the well through the lateral port of the sub, and a modified flushing swivel, when flushing the well through the side the port of the continuous flushing sub is placed on this sub, and the rest of the time it is placed above the rotor table, coaxially with the drill string, and when the modified flushing swivel is located on the continuous flushing sub during flushing the well, in the annular gap between the surface of this sub and the inner surface of the barrel modified swivel mounted two groups of O-rings to seal this gap, and one of these groups is placed below the side of the second port of the sub and from the holes for washing in the wall of the swivel barrel, and the other group from the top of the side port of the sub and from the same holes in the wall of the barrel of the swivel, and during the washing of the well through the side port of the continuous washing sub, the barrel of the modified washing swivel is fixed continuous flushing sub, excluding their mutual displacement or rotation;

To seal the annular gap between the surface of the sub with the side port and the inner surface of the swivel barrel, use inflated packers, one of which is placed below the side port of the sub and from the holes for washing in the wall of the swivel barrel, and the other from the top of the side port of the swivel and from those the same holes in the barrel wall of the modified swivel swivel;

for reciprocating movement of the control rod using a hydraulic actuator containing a hydraulic cylinder with a plunger, and the housing of the hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the housing of the modified washing swivel;

the control rod is simultaneously a plunger of the hydraulic cylinder, and the working fluid in the hydraulic cylinder is the drilling fluid supplied to the well flushing from the body of the modified flushing swivel hydraulically connected to the hydraulic cylinder;

to ensure coaxiality between the axes of the control rod and the axis of the rotary control mechanism of the side port valve, for fixing the barrel of the modified swivel swivel on the continuous flushing sub, pin connections are made in the form of slots on the edges of the swivel trunk, in which pins are mounted on the body of the sub in this way so that when the swivel barrel is fixedly attached to the sub, the axis of the control rod and the rotary control mechanism of the side port valve are translated Ika would be placed in one horizontal plane.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings:

In FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a modified swivel swivel.

In FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the location of a modified swivel swivel while drilling a well.

In FIG. 6 - schematically shows the location of the modified flushing swivel during flushing of the well through the side port of the side flushing sub (extension).

A drawing of a modified swivel swivel and options for its use in a continuous well flushing system are shown in FIG. 4. Here, the actually modified washing swivel - MPV (Fig. 4a) is represented schematically and it is also in the working position, placed on the PNP (Fig. 4b and 4c); As an example, an PNP is shown with a valve in the form of a TSH installed in the flushing position through the side port (position 2). MPV consists of a housing 1, inside which a barrel 2 is placed, which can rotate with bearings 3 relative to the housing. The annular gap between the cavity of the housing 1 and the barrel 2 is sealed by cuffs 4, without interfering with the rotation of the housing 1 relative to the barrel 2. This whole structure is attached to the barrel 2 the upper and lower covers 5, in which felt rings 6 are placed, preventing dust and dirt from entering the bearings 3. For supplying drilling fluid to the cavity of the MPV body and further, through the openings in the wall of the MPV shaft into the drill string, chen pipe 7; the hole 8 is designed to accommodate the control rod 9 therein. O-rings 10 seal the body of the MPV cavity, in which the drilling fluid moves, entering the lateral port 11 of the oil product and further into the drill string. The hydraulic cylinder 12 is mounted on the chassis 13, which is mounted on the housing 1; the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder is supplied through the hydraulic line 14. The plunger 15 of the hydraulic cylinder 12 moves the control rod 9, at the end of which there is a key head 16. The rotation of TShK 17 and, accordingly, the lateral port 11 of the PNP is controlled by the head of the rotary mechanism 18, brought to the surface PNP. O-rings 19 seal the space between the PNP and the inner surface of the barrel 2; for fastening the MPV barrel on the PNP body 20, slots 21 and pins 22 are used. FIG. 4 s shows a hydraulic actuator, where the working fluid 23 is the drilling fluid, which also enters the hydraulic cylinder 24. The control rod 25 is used as a plunger in this hydraulic cylinder. The plug 26 is designed for easy and quick washing and cleaning of the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder 24.

In comparison with the prototype - washing swivel type VP - 50, the design of the MPV has several fundamental differences. The absence of an upper plug (cap) and the “correct” choice of the size of the inner diameter of the barrel 2 MPV allowed it to be placed on the PNP body coaxially with it (ie, “put” MPV on the PNP) and using O-rings 19, for example, in the form O-rings installed in the annular grooves on the body of the PNP, to ensure a tight joint of the barrel 2 MPV with the body of the PNP 20, precisely in its place where the side flushing port 11 is located. This ensures a tight joint of the side flushing port 11 of the PNP with a nozzle 7 MPV through which the drilling fluid enters op into the drill string through the wellbore by washing the PNP. The internal cavity of the MPV between its body and the trunk is quite voluminous with a large annular space, which provides the minimum hydraulic resistance to the flow of the drilling fluid coming from the nozzle 7 of the MPV through the openings in the wall of its trunk, to the side port of the oil recovery vessel. At the same time, the main objective of the invention is the possibility of rotation of the drill string during flushing of the well through the oil well provided by the main distinguishing feature of the flushing swivel - it is designed to rotate the drill string when flushing through it.

Despite the fact that the use of O-rings 19 is a simple and fairly effective technical solution that allows you to reliably seal the annular space between the PNP and the barrel 2 MPV, in some cases it may be insufficiently technological and difficult to fit into a specific drilling process. In these cases, inflatable packers can be used to seal this space (top and bottom, instead of O-rings). Performing the same functions and despite the complexity of the entire design of the MPV and its cost, in some cases, such packers can be more technologically advanced and can be used where the use of other methods and devices for sealing do not allow the conditions of drilling, drilling fluid properties, technological features of drilling and etc.

Another fundamental difference between the MPV and the usual swivel is the creation of an additional hole 8 in its body for input / output of the control rod 9. This hole is made in the form of a lateral branch sleeve on the MPV body, inside of which the rod 9 is located, and the annular space between the control rod and the sleeve is sealed with O-rings 10, which allow the stem 9 to perform reciprocating motion and rotation. The end of the control rod is made in the form of a key head 16, which, when coupled to the head of the rotary control mechanism 18 of the TSA (or some other side port valve), brought to the side of the PNP, adjusts the position of this valve by making control rod rotations. The translational movement of the control rod is necessary, for example, for “connecting” the head of the key 16 to the body of the sub and its articulation with the mating head on the body 18, and vice versa, “diverting” the end of the rod 9 with the head 16 from the sub so as not to interfere with the PNP rotation relative to the body MPV.

Seals 10 are necessary to seal the internal cavity of the MPV, (where the end of the stem 9 with the head 16 is located) and which is under the pressure of the flushing fluid entering the MPV through the nozzle 7, from atmospheric pressure on the surface of the housing of the MPV, where the second end of the rod 9 is discharged. At the same time, a large “pushing” force from the MPV cavity acts on the stem 9, which is equal to the product of the washing fluid pressure and the stem cross-sectional area, and can reach several tons or more. Therefore, to ensure the reciprocating movement of the control rod 9, the muscular strength of the operator is not enough; for this, a hydraulic drive mechanism is used in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 12 and a plunger 15, which can develop the required force. This mechanism is shown schematically in FIG. 4b — the hydraulic cylinder body is mounted on the chassis 13 mounted on the MPV body, and its plunger 15 abuts against the end face of the rod 9, creating the required force and moving the control rod.

Such large efforts are not required to rotate the control rod, therefore, it is easily rotated manually, for example, by making the cross-section of the rod hexagon and turning it with an ordinary wrench (not shown in the drawing). The position of the control rod is controlled by changing the pressure in the hydraulic line of the hydraulic cylinder 14 - the mechanisms providing these effects are not shown in the drawing.

Given that the pressure in the cavity of the MPV casing is unstable - it is equal to the pressure of the flushing fluid, adjusting the position of the control rod is a difficult task, which can complicate and slow down the control of the side port valve of the PNP. To simplify and accelerate this process, it is proposed to use drilling fluid entering the MPV cavity as a working fluid in the hydraulic system of hydraulic cylinder 24 — as shown in FIG. 4c. Here, the plunger and the control rod are made in the form of a single cylindrical rod 25; since the pressure at its ends is always the same, the “pushing” force acting on such a rod will be 0, i.e. the rod 25 will always be in equilibrium, regardless of the pressure of the flushing fluid in the cavity of the MPV. Managing such a rod is simpler and faster, which means that the continuous flushing system will become more efficient and reliable.

The sealing mechanism of the annular space between the MPV and PNP barrel - O-ring type 19 gaskets or inflatable packers instead provide pressure (during flushing of the well through the PNP lateral port) immobility of the connection between the parts to be sealed - MPV trunk and PNP. However, reliability requires the usual mechanical connection, which should exclude not only mutual displacement of the connected elements, but also exact fixation of the MPV barrel at the required height, ensuring alignment of the control rod 9, "tied" in height to the MPV barrel, with the axis of the head 18 of the rotary mechanism TSHK and the side port valve, “tied” to the sub 20. In particular, such a connection can be a pin connection of the barrel with slots at its edges 21, with an PNP, in the body of which pins 22 are fixed, for example, as shown in FIG. 4. When moving the MPV along the drill string, the pins 22 are removed, and when installing the MPV on the PNP, they are installed again.

The operation of the MPV fits into the continuous flushing system discussed above in the description of analogues and is illustrated in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6.

The device operates as follows.

In the absence of build-up, during normal drilling of a well with a “direct” flushing, the MPV is located coaxially with the drill string and above the rotor table, preventing neither the rotation of the upper pipe nor its progressive up-down movement accompanying the well drilling process, as shown in FIG. 5. When building, a drill pipe string with an oil recovery pipe on the upper sleeve is installed in a wedge grip on the rotor - FIG. 6.

In the process of building the following operations are performed:

- O-ring O-rings are installed on the PNP body in the corresponding grooves;

- the lower pin 22 shown in FIG. 4b;

- the plug is removed (if any) from the side port of the PNP;

- MPV descends along the PNP until the landing of the lower slot 21 in the swivel barrel on the lower pin 22;

- the upper pin 22 is inserted into the upper slot 21 and is mounted in the body of the PNP. When using packer sealing, their packing is performed after this stage;

- using a hydraulic cylinder, the control rod 9 is shifted to the surface of the PNP and articulated with the head 18 of the rotary control mechanism of a ball (or other) valve;

- pipe 7 MPV is connected to the bypass flushing line and drilling fluid is supplied into it;

- by turning the control rod, the PNP side port valve opens and the drilling fluid through it enters the drill pipe string for flushing. The control rod is diverted from the surface of the oil pipe (to the extreme position) so as not to impede the rotation of the oil pipe along with the drill pipe string;

- shuts off the flow of drilling fluid through the mud hose and swivel;

- the upper thread of the PNP is freed to build up a loner (candle);

- after building, operations are performed in the reverse order - the drilling fluid is fed into the mud hose and swivel;

- if the drill string rotated during the extension, the MPV body is installed in such a position that the control rod and the head of the rotary ball valve control mechanism are aligned (for example, by coincidence of the previously applied marks on the MPV body and its trunk);

- by adjusting the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder, the control rod moves to the PNP and (if necessary, turning the control rod with a wrench) articulates with the head of the rotary mechanism for controlling the PNP ball valve;

- by turning the control rod, the PNP lateral port valve is closed, while simultaneously opening a straight flushing line through the upper axial opening of the PNP. By adjusting the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder, the control rod is diverted (to the extreme position) from the PNP;

- the flow of drilling fluid is blocked in the bypass line of the manifold and in the lateral branch pipe of MPV;

- the bypass line is disconnected from the MPV;

- pins (upper and lower) are removed from the body of the PNP;

- the sealing packer is discharged (when using packer sealing);

- MPV moves up from the surface of the PNP. CD-ring sealing rings are removed from the grooves on the body of the oil product and placed in a special (in-depth) groove for storing these rings during well drilling.

Further, up to the next extension (or rise of the drill string), the MPV is located coaxially with the drill string above the rotor table - FIG. 5.

Thus, the inventive modified flushing swivel can be used for continuous flushing of wells, while providing the possibility of rotation of the drill string.

Claims (5)

1. A swivel of continuous flushing, comprising a housing, a barrel with holes in its wall for washing, a pipe for supplying drilling fluid to the housing, bearings that rotate the housing relative to the barrel, cuffs to seal the gap between the barrel and the housing, covers for attaching the entire structure to the barrel swivel and a continuous flushing system for the well, including a continuous flushing sub with a side port, a side port valve, a control mechanism for this valve, and a hydraulic piping system providing pouring the drilling fluid into the upper end of the continuous flushing sub and into its side port located above the rotor table, characterized in that, in order to ensure rotation of the drill string when flushing the well through the side port of the continuous flushing sub, the barrel of the modified swivel swivel in the axial direction is made through and the size of the inner diameter of the barrel provides coaxial placement of the barrel and swivel of continuous washing as a whole on the drill pipe string and its unhindered movement in this position, along the drill pipe string, at least above the rotor table, and in the continuous flushing swivel body an additional hole is made in which the side port valve control rod in the continuous flushing sub is placed in the gap between the surface of this rod and the hole in the swivel body seals are installed to seal this gap, with the possibility of reciprocating and rotational movement of the rod during the flushing of the well through the side port of the sub, and I turn continuous flushing while flushing the well through the side port of the continuous flushing sub is placed on this sub, and the rest of the time is placed above the rotor table, coaxially with the drill string, and when the swivel of continuous flushing is located on the continuous flushing sub during flushing the well, in the annular gap between the surface of this sub and the inner surface of the swivel barrel of continuous washing, two groups of O-rings are installed to seal this gap, and one of these groups are placed below the side port of the sub and from the holes for washing in the wall of the swivel barrel, and the other group is placed above the side port of the sub and from the same holes in the wall of the swivel shaft, and in the process of flushing the well through the side port of the sub continuous flushing barrel the swivel of continuous washing is fixed on the sub of the continuous washing, excluding their mutual displacement or rotation. 2. Continuous flushing swivel according to claim 1, characterized in that inflatable packers are used to seal the annular gap between the surface of the sub with the side port and the inner surface of the swivel trunk, one of which is placed below the side port of the sub and from the flushing holes in the barrel wall swivel, and the other from above from the side port of the sub and from the same holes in the wall of the swivel barrel of continuous flushing. 3. Continuous flushing swivel according to claim 1, characterized in that for the reciprocating movement of the control rod, a hydraulic drive is used comprising a hydraulic cylinder with a plunger, the hydraulic cylinder body being fixed to the swivel continuous flushing case. 4. Swivel continuous washing according to paragraphs. 1 and 3, characterized in that the control rod is simultaneously a plunger of the hydraulic cylinder, and the working fluid in the hydraulic cylinder is the drilling fluid supplied to the well flushing from the casing of the continuous swivel hydraulically connected to the hydraulic cylinder. 5. The swivel continuous flushing according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure alignment between the axes of the control rod and the axis of the rotary control mechanism of the side port valve, pin fasteners made in the form of a continuous flushing are used on the continuous flushing sub slots on the edges of the swivel barrel, in which the pins are mounted, fixed on the body of the sub in such a way that when the swivel trunk is fixedly attached to the sub, the axis of the control rod and the rotary m The control mechanism of the valve of the lateral port of the sub would be placed in one horizontal plane.

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