RU2562382C1 - Method of controlling soil erosion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method of controlling soil erosion comprises the steps when biogel is preliminary prepared, representing the water-peat gel with the peat particle size of not more than 40-60 nm, dispersed by ultrasonic cavitation in an aqueous medium at high static pressure, the soil surface is sprayed after its agricultural processing with 10-30% solution of the biogel obtained, based on 50 to 200 kg of biogel per one hectare.

EFFECT: invention enables to prevent effectively soil loss.

4 cl, 3 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method of combating soil erosion.

State of the art

Known methods of combating soil erosion based on the use of various polymeric materials that are applied to the surface of the soil and cement soil particles, which leads to a decrease in soil erosion due to improved water-physical properties (see, for example, PCT application No. WO 2014/029029 published on 02.27.2014). The disadvantage of such methods is their non-environmental friendliness due to the fact that the use of various polymeric materials - waste from the chemical industry leads to the appearance of degradation products of polymeric materials that can be toxic and slightly decompose in soils. In addition, these methods are quite expensive due to the high cost of polymers.

There are also known methods of combating soil erosion using biopolymers of plant origin (see, for example, Korean application No. 2012/0115656, publ. 10/19/2012). The disadvantage of this method is its high complexity, since the soil with the applied biogel must then be loosened and mixed for several weeks. However, the use of biogel obtained from natural plant materials, in particular from peat, seems promising from an environmental point of view.

There are various methods of processing peat to obtain humus-containing substances, which are used, inter alia, to combat soil erosion. Typically, peat (in pure form or in a mixture with other substances) is subjected to treatment, which consists in dispersion by ultrasound when exposed to acid (see, for example, RF patent No. 2058279, publ. 04/20/1996) or alkali (see, for example, patent for utility model of Ukraine No. 37422, publ. 25.11.2008). The disadvantage of these methods is the use of acids or alkalis, which partially destroy the processed materials and require subsequent neutralization.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2428404, publ. 09/10/2011, which is selected as the closest analogue, the biocatalyst used for remediation of soil structures is described. In this method, peat is mixed with additives and homogenized in a cavitator, and the resulting gel is applied to the soil. The disadvantage of this method is the complex and relatively expensive composition of the additives used. In addition, the resulting yield of humic substances is insufficient, i.e. the effectiveness of the resulting gel is low.

Disclosure of invention

Thus, there is a need to develop such a method of combating soil erosion, which would be simpler and more effective than the closest analogue.

To achieve this technical result, the present invention proposes a method of combating soil erosion, comprising stages in which a biogel is prepared in advance, which is a water-peat gel with peat particle sizes of not more than 40-60 nm dispersed using ultrasonic cavitation in an aqueous medium at high static pressure the soil surface is sprayed after its agricultural treatment with a 10-30% solution of the obtained biogel based on 50 to 200 kg of biogel per hectare.

A feature of the method of the present invention is that agricultural processing can be spring plowing, then spraying is carried out with a 10-20% solution of biogel based on 50-70 kg of biogel per hectare.

In this case, after plowing, they can sow row crops.

Another feature of the method of the present invention is that agricultural processing can be autumn plowing, then spraying is carried out with a 20-30% solution of biogel based on 100-200 kg of biogel per hectare.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

In the method of combating soil erosion of the present invention, a pre-prepared biogel is used, which is a water-tar gel with peat particle sizes of not more than 40-60 nm dispersed by ultrasonic cavitation in an aqueous medium at high static pressure. Such dispersion can be carried out, for example, in accordance with application No. 20133130206 of 07/03/2013, where the following steps are used:

- loaded into a dispersion chamber peat with a moisture content of 60-80% in a mixture with water with a ratio of peat to water in the range from 1: 1.5 to 1: 3.5;

- sealing said dispersion chamber;

- serves in a sealed dispersion chamber a static pressure of 5-7 atm;

- process the contents of the said dispersion chamber with ultrasonic vibrations with a sound density of at least 50 W / cm ² , providing for a predetermined time the sound pressure on said mixture of peat with water exceeding the mentioned static pressure by 2-3 times.

From the obtained biogel, a 10-30% aqueous solution is prepared by which the soil surface is sprayed after its agricultural cultivation, and from 50 to 200 kg of the obtained biogel per hectare is used. These limits may vary depending on what kind of agricultural processing is performed. If this is spring plowing, then spraying is carried out with a 10-20% solution of biogel at the rate of 50-70 kg of biogel per hectare. Following plowing and biogel cultivation, row crops can be sown. If this treatment is autumn plowing, then spraying is carried out with a 20-30% biogel solution at the rate of 100-200 kg of biogel per hectare.

The indicated difference in the form of agricultural cultivation and the indicated limits is due to the fact that in the first case (spring plowing), the main danger from the point of view of soil erosion is soil erosion due to meltwater runoff, and in the second case (autumn plowing), runoff from storm erosion .

When using a biogel (peat gel) with the indicated particle sizes (40-60 nm), its effect on the physical properties of soils and the water-holding capacity of the soil is established. During a laboratory experiment, 100 ml of the obtained biogel was added to a container where 1.5 kg of gray forest soil was placed, and every 5 days the soil moisture was monitored at the same level of irrigation: 50 ml of water was added to each container daily. That is, the level of irrigation was initially insufficient to simulate drought conditions. At the same humidity at the beginning of the experiment (25%), after 20 days of insufficient watering, the soil moisture content differed by 5% (14% in the control and 19% when using biogel). This indicates the ability of the biogel to retain water.

The introduction of biogel affects not only the water holding capacity of soils, but also on erosion indicators of soils in the field (Table 1).

Erosion resistance was studied in a field experiment in which 2 doses of biogel were studied - 100 kg / ha and 200 kg / ha.

The effect of peat on the soil structure was evaluated according to such classic indicators of soil erosion resistance as soil erosion resistance R and the reciprocal of 1 / R [Schwebs GI Formation of water erosion of sediment runoff and their assessment. L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1974. - 182 p.]. As follows from Table 1, under the influence of the introduced biogel, the runoff and flushing of fine earth from the soil surface decreases, and when a dose of biogel of 200 g / m is applied, the flushing completely stops.

Table 1 Change in soil erosion under the influence of biogel application during sprinkling Option Erosion indicators of soils Turbidity, g / l The intensity of the drain, mm in min Flushing soil, g / s from 1 m ² (R) Erosion Resistance (1 / R) The control 14.9 2,5 0.85 1.14 Biogel 100 kg / ha 10,2 0.85 0.12 8.06 Biogel 200 kg / ha 5.3 0.42 No flushing

A positive dependence on the use of peat gel was observed in field experiments on the study of the water resistance of soil aggregates in the experiment with barley, which was laid on gray forest soils in August 2013, and the aftereffect of using peat gel was also studied in May 2014 (Table 2). Biogel was used at a dose of 100 kg / ha.

table 2 Change in water resistance of soil aggregates under the action of biogel Option Action (2013) Aftereffect (2014) The amount of water-resistant units more than 1 mm,% The amount of water-resistant units more than 0.25 mm,% d mm The amount of water-resistant units more than 1 mm,% The amount of water-resistant units more than 0.25 mm,% d mm The control 28.0 73.1 1.24 28,4 72.3 1.20 Biogel 39.4 78.5 2.14 34.3 75,2 2.0 d, mm - the average diameter of water-resistant units

The use of biogel also positively affects such an important indicator as water permeability. Table 3 presents the results of determining the water permeability of soils using the method of small flooded sites (frame method) [Shein E.V. Soil Physics Course: Textbook. - M .: publishing house of Moscow State University, 2005. - 432 p.] After application of biogel.

Table 3. The duration of the action of peat on the permeability of gray forest soil, mm per min Option Duration, months one 2 8 10 eleven The control 8.0 7.3 7.0 6.7 7.1 Biogel 12.7 11.5 10,4 9.5 9.3

Thus, the soil erosion control method of the present invention provides a very effective prevention of soil erosion and is much simpler because it does not require the use of a complex initial mixture.

Claims (4)

1. A method of combating soil erosion, comprising stages in which:
- pre-receive biogel, which is a water-peat gel with a particle size of peat not more than 40-60 nm, dispersed using ultrasonic cavitation in an aqueous medium at high static pressure;
- spraying the soil surface after its agricultural treatment with a 10-30% solution of the obtained biogel based on 50 to 200 kg of biogel per hectare. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said agricultural processing is spring plowing, and said spraying is carried out with a 10-20% solution of said biogel based on 50-70 kg of biogel per hectare. 3. The method according to p. 2, in which after the aforementioned plowing carry out the sowing of row crops. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein said agricultural processing is autumn plowing, and said spraying is carried out with a 20-30% solution of said biogel based on 100-200 kg of biogel per hectare.