RU2558444C2 - Method for on-line control of atmospheric contaminations of local territories - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to environmental protection and can be used in a municipal environmental monitoring system. A method for on-line control of atmospheric contaminations of local territories involves use of a specialised mobile ecological laboratory with a trailer for simultaneous collection and express analysis both of samples of atmospheric air, water and soil in an under-flame zone of the supposed i source of above-normal contamination considering meteorological characteristics and sample of industrial emissions, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly on the supposed I source of above-normal contamination in a tube for determination of emission intensity of hazardous substances (g/s). Then, automatic transmission of test results is performed by means of mobile Internet in a computer, which is installed in the specialised mobile ecological laboratory, continuous comparison is performed by means of the computer of data of component and concentration composition of samples of industrial emissions and atmospheric air, water and soil, which is obtained in a real-time mode, and simultaneous calculation of accurate percentage contribution of emissions of i source to a common level of contamination of the local territory and issue of test results is performed by specialists of an on-line control group.

EFFECT: proposed control method of atmospheric contaminations of local territories provides express analysis of sample of atmospheric air, water and soil both in the under-flame zone of the supposed i source of above-normal contamination considering meteorological characteristics and industrial emissions, accurate calculation of contribution of the source of industrial emissions to common air contamination level and on-line detection on local territories of sources of potential contamination of atmospheric air.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used in a system of urban environmental monitoring to quickly identify in local areas sources of possible pollution of atmospheric air and other objects of the natural environment.

The aim of the invention is to create a group of sequential actions, the implementation of which will reliably determine the source of excess pollution of atmospheric air and other environmental objects in the local urban area.

A known method of organizing observations of the level of air pollution using posts of three categories (stationary, mobile, route) with a limited number of monitored parameters is described in the Guidance document RD 52.04.186-89. Guidelines for air pollution control [1]. However, the information obtained using this method reflects only the actual state of the air in the area of installation of the observation post and can only be used to state the existing situation, and not to identify or establish the source of unauthorized emissions of specific substances.

Known methods for organizing and conducting environmental monitoring of industrial emissions are described in the All-Union regulatory document “Guidelines for the control of sources of air pollution. OND-90 "[2], guidelines for sampling in determining the concentrations of harmful substances: (gases and vapors) PND F 12.1.1-99 [3] and suspended particles (dust) PND F 12.1.2-99 [4] consisting in one-time (or periodic) sampling and additional control of the thermodynamic parameters of the flow in the source of atmospheric pollution: temperature and humidity, gas velocity, pressure-vacuum in the duct, etc. The methods are implemented using various technical systems, including sampling probes , filters, transportation lines gas, cooling devices, aspirators, gas analyzers, etc.

The disadvantage of these methods is the frequency of monitoring, the absence of simultaneous measurements of the atmosphere in the subflare zone and the modeling of the processes of dispersion of harmful substances, which allows us to solve the inverse problem: determining the contribution of individual sources to the total level of air pollution (as well as water and soil) in the urban district.

The prototype of the proposed method for the operational control of atmospheric pollution of local territories is the "System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air in an industrial region" [5], the essence of which is the maintenance of two groups of sensors for environmental monitoring of the environment, radio communications of the sensors of the second group with the equipment of the urban telephone network, central dispatch item. In addition, it introduced high-speed gas sensors for environmental monitoring of the atmosphere, GPS, a mobile telephone system installed on electric transport units, as well as a weather station, a group of sensors for measuring concentrations of pollutants directly from pollution sources, a modeling center, a data processing and comparison center, and high-speed gas sensors for environmental monitoring of the atmosphere and the GPS system are connected via a mobile telephone system to the center processing and comparing data, which also receives information from the first group of sensors for environmental monitoring of the environment, the city telephone network and a modeling center associated with a group of sensors for measuring concentrations of pollutants directly from pollution sources and a weather station, and the data processing and comparison center is connected to the central control room (RF Patent No. 2380729 of 01/27/2010).

The disadvantages of this method are:

- lack of simultaneous measurement of concentrations of harmful substances monitoring the parameters of the gas-air mixture (temperature, humidity and gas flow rate) directly “in the pipe”, necessary for accurate calculation of the contribution of the source of industrial emissions to the total level of air pollution in the microdistrict;

- inaccurate identification of the source of unauthorized emissions if pollution signals come from local urban areas where industrial enterprises (pipes) are not equipped with stationary sensors for measuring concentrations of specific pollutants; lack of a comprehensive understanding of the environmental situation in the local urban area at a real time because of the control of the parameters of one of the objects of the natural environment (atmospheric air).

The objective of the invention is to accurately calculate the contribution of the source of industrial emissions to the overall level of air pollution in the microdistrict, increasing the efficiency of the urban environmental monitoring system by quickly identifying sources of excess pollution of environmental objects.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the simultaneous selection and rapid analysis of samples of atmospheric air (AB), water and soil both in the flare zone of the alleged i-th source of excess pollution, taking into account meteorological characteristics, and the selection and rapid analysis of industrial emissions, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly at the alleged i-th source of excess pollution (in the pipe) necessary for accurate calculation of the contribution of the source of industrial emissions to the total ur Aries air pollution in the neighborhood.

To solve this problem, a method for the operational control of atmospheric air pollution (water and soil) is proposed, which differs from the prototype in that not two groups of environmental monitoring sensors for the environment are used to identify sources of excess emissions, the radio communication means of the sensors of the second group with the urban telephone network equipment, central control room, high-speed gas sensors for environmental monitoring of the atmosphere, GPS system, mobile telephone system, installation located on electric transport units, weather stations, groups of sensors for measuring concentrations of pollutants directly from pollution sources, a modeling center, a data processing and comparison center, and a sequential system involving the use of a specialized mobile environmental laboratory with a trailer; simultaneous sampling and rapid analysis of both samples of atmospheric air, water and soil in the flare zone of the alleged i-th source of excess pollution, taking into account meteorological characteristics, and samples of industrial emissions, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly on the alleged i-th source of excess pollution in a pipe for determining the power of emission of harmful substances (g / s); automatic transfer of research results via mobile Internet to computers installed in a specialized mobile environmental laboratory; continuous computer-based comparison of data on the component-concentration composition of samples of industrial emissions and atmospheric air, water and soil obtained in real time and the simultaneous calculation of the exact percentage contribution of emissions from the ith source to the total pollution level of the local territory; issuance by the specialists of the operational control group of the results of the studies.

The invention consists in the system of the following sequential actions depicted in FIG. 1 in the form of a flowchart "The structure of the method of operational control of atmospheric pollution of local territories":

1. Receiving and registering a signal about the alleged pollution of atmospheric air (or another object of the natural environment) in the local area by the i-th industrial source in a specialized information collection center (CSI) and transferring it to the operational control group (GOK).

2. In the group of operational control - the collection, systematization and analysis of a priori information on the alleged potential pollution. It includes:

- a list of organized and unorganized emission sources located near the territory from which the signal came;

- data on the concentrations of pollutants obtained from the automatic observation stations of the urban environmental monitoring system closest to the supposedly contaminated area;

- reports of previous studies on similar signals.

3. According to the results of the analysis of a priori information - determination of the alleged i-th source of excess pollution of environmental objects and field trips to confirm this fact using a specialized mobile environmental laboratory with a trailer - SPEL.

4. On the ground - the specialists of the operational control group perform the following actions:

4.1. Sampling and express analysis of samples of atmospheric air, water and soil in the flare zone of the alleged i-th source of excess pollution, taking into account meteorological characteristics or the local territory, from which a signal about possible pollution of the environmental object came from, automatic transfer of the research results via mobile Internet to computers installed in a specialized mobile environmental laboratory;

4.2. Simultaneous with paragraph 4.1. sampling and express analysis of industrial emissions samples, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly at the alleged i-th source of excess pollution (in the pipe) to determine the emission power of harmful substances (g / s), automatic transfer of the research results via mobile Internet to computers installed in a specialized mobile environmental laboratory.

The methodology for “measuring aerodynamic parameters directly at the alleged i-th source of excess pollution (in the pipe)” is described in detail in Chapter 8 of the “Guidelines for controlling sources of air pollution. OND-90 ”[2] and the General Provisions of PND F 12.1.1-99 (Methodological recommendations for sampling in determining the concentrations of harmful substances (gases and vapors) in industrial emissions), PND F 12.1.2-99 (Methodological recommendations on sampling when determining the concentration of suspended particles (dust) in industrial emissions), [3,4]: measuring points (measured cross-sections) are selected on the vertical sections of the exhaust pipe, with steady gas flows, at a distance of five to six duct diameters after the disturbance and three to four diameters about it (valves, chokes, bends, fan, etc.) [2-4].

Methods of measuring speed, temperature, pressure (rarefaction) and humidity, also described in detail in Chapter 2 PND F 12.1.2-99 [4] and GOST 17.2.4.06-90 (Nature protection. ATMOSPHERE. Methods for determining the speed and flow rate of dust and gas flows coming from stationary sources of pollution); GOST 17.2.4.07-90 (Nature protection. ATMOSPHERE. Methods for determining the pressure and temperature of gas and dust streams emanating from stationary sources of pollution) and GOST 17.2.4.08-90 (Nature protection. ATMOSPHERE. Methods for determining the humidity of gas and dust streams emanating from stationary sources of pollution) ) are implemented using various technical means and auxiliary devices located in the SPEL: thermometers TCM-9210 according to TU 4210-0021328-2997; pneumometric tubes, pressure pipes of NIIOGAZ and pitot tubes, differential digital pressure gauge DMC-01M in accordance with TU 4212-002-40001819 (OJSC NIIOGAZ); psychrometers according to TU 25.1607.054-85; Hot-wire anemometers Testo 435-4 (Testo Rus LLC) or XC-5000 AutoKintiec ™ Source Sampler console and system (Apex Instruments), etc.

4.3. Continuous computer-based comparison of the data on the component-concentration composition of samples of industrial emissions and atmospheric air (water and soil) obtained in real time using mobile Internet from the equipment of a specialized mobile environmental laboratory (with a trailer) and at the same time calculating the exact percentage contribution of i- ro source into the total pollution level of the local territory.

5. After leaving the area, the specialists of the operational control group issue the results of the research in the form of reports and recommendations back to the specialized information collection center to transmit a signal to the applicant, as well as to state authorities (in case of violations of environmental laws) to attract perpetrators to legal liability for non-compliance:

- conditions established by permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmosphere and harmful physical effects on it;

- the regime of sanitary protection zones of facilities with stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the air;

6. Implementation of federal targeted programs for the protection of atmospheric air, programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the protection of atmospheric air, etc. [6-8].

Let us explain the method proposed by the authors using an example.

10/29/2012 at ^8:00 on the telephone number 8 (495) 644-20-77 of the Hot Line of the Moscow Department of Nature Management and Environmental Protection (DPiOOS) - Center for Contemporary Research - received numerous complaints from residents of the house number 6 on Nagatinsky Boulevard (South Administrative District Moscow) for unpleasant odors in apartments, in the courtyard of the house and in the neighborhood. Muscovites defined the smell as “the smell of rotten eggs,” the alleged source being the nearby stationary IZA (sources of air pollution) of the SPS “Nagatino-2” sewage pumping station (16A Nagatinskaya Embankment) (see Fig. 2).

The appeal was registered and transferred to this “operational control center” in this specialized center, whose functions, in accordance with Moscow Government Decree of March 27, 2001 No. 284, are performed by structural units of the State Environmental Budgetary Institution Mosecomonitoring (founder - DPiOOS).

Within 1 hour, specialists at the State Public Institution “Mosecomonitoring” collected, systematized, and analyzed a priori information about possible contamination, which showed that:

1) the characteristic “smell of rotten eggs” has only one substance - hydrogen sulfide formed during the decay of proteins [9];

2) the nearest automatic monitoring stations for the status of AV GPBU Mosekomonitoring (ASCWA) and other federal services (Roshydromet and Rospotrebnadzor) are located at Sovkhoznaya St., 1; Stavropol Str., 7; st. Shosseinaya, d. 29; Guryanova St., 73; Proletarsky pr., D. 13; 1st Kuryanovsky passage, d.14; Kuryanovsky Boulevard, d. 13/4; Novomaryinskaya St., 7; st. Maryinsky park, d.13; II quarter of Kapotney, d.16; Shipilovskaya Str., 64 and Brateevskaya Str., 27 (see Fig. 3) of short-term excesses of the MPC values of on H ₂ S per day and the time of treatment on them is not fixed, the average concentration was less than 0.5 MPC m.r. (for reference: MPC MR - maximum permissible concentration of a maximum one-time pollutant in AB, for H ₂ S MPC MR = 0.008 mg / m ³ );

3) taking into account the direction of the wind on the day and time of circulation (Wind - SZ) and analysis of reports on previous studies on similar signals, potential sources of excess hydrogen sulfide in this microdistrict are Nagatino-2 SPS (the distance to the applicants ’house is about 90 m, it was indicated by the applicants themselves), as well as by the Kuryanovsky treatment facilities of Mosvodokanal JSC (distance to the applicants ’home - 2900 m) and Gazpromneft - MNPZ OJSC (distance to the applicants’ home - 10300 m). This information was obtained from “Permits for the emission of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmospheric air of the above enterprises” issued by the Department of Environmental Protection and Environmental Protection and Rosprirodnadzor in the Central Federal District. Other major sources of H ₂ S excretion were absent in the study area.

After analysis of a priori information and preliminary calculations using the methodology for calculating atmospheric air concentrations of harmful substances contained in emissions of enterprises, OND-86 [10] and the ECOLOG program, version 3 (software product of Integral Firm LLC based on [10 ]) GOK specialists determined the potential source of excess pollution AB - KNS Nagatino-2.

To confirm this fact on the ground, the GOK specialists on 10/29/2012 at 10 ⁰⁰ made a trip to the applicants' house using a specialized mobile environmental laboratory with a trailer. The GOK employees performed the following actions:

1) placement of gas analyzers, sampling and analytical equipment of the SPEL trailer near the applicants ’house (in the under-flare zone of alleged sources of excess pollution of KNS" Nagatino-2 "taking into account meteorological characteristics) and gas analyzers, sampling and analytical equipment of the SPEL itself directly on the alleged source of excess pollution of KNS" Nagatino-2 ";

2) simultaneous sampling and rapid analysis of AB samples to determine the maximum single concentration of H ₂ S near the applicants ’house, and sampling and express analysis of industrial emissions samples, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly at the alleged source of excess pollution of the Nagatino-2 SPS (“ in the pipe ”) for determining the emission power of H ₂ S (g / s), automatic transfer of the research results (see Table 1) via mobile Internet to computers installed in the SPEL;

3) continuous comparison using a computer of the data on the component-concentration composition of industrial emissions and atmospheric air samples obtained in real time using mobile Internet from SPEL equipment with a trailer and at the same time calculating the exact percentage contribution from the emissions of the Nagatino-2 SPS to the general level pollution near house number 6 on Nagatinsky Boulevard.

As a result, after going to the area and examining the territory using SPEL sampling and control equipment with a trailer, GOK specialists performed the following actions:

1) it was found that the percentage contribution of emissions from the source of the SPS "Nagatino-2" to the total pollution level near building No. 6 on Nagatinsky Boulevard was 92%, which confirmed the assumption of applicants and GOK employees about the source of pollution of AV in apartments, in the courtyard of the house and in the microdistrict ;

2) a corresponding report has been prepared and issued back to the SPI to transmit a signal to the applicants, as well as to state authorities (in case of violations of environmental laws) to bring the perpetrators to legal liability for non-compliance with: the conditions established by permits for emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into atmospheric air and harmful physical effects on it; the regime of sanitary protection zones of facilities with stationary sources of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances in the AB; implementation of federal targeted programs for the protection of AB, programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the protection of AB, etc.

References

1. Guidance document. Air Pollution Control Guide. RD 52.04.186-89 / M: [b.i.], 1991.

2. All-Union regulatory document. Guidelines for controlling sources of air pollution. OND-90. Part I and II / St. Petersburg: [b.i.], 1992.

3. Guidelines for sampling in determining the concentrations of harmful substances (gases and vapors) in the emissions of industrial enterprises. PND F 12.1.1-99 / M .: [b.i.], 1999.

4. Guidelines for sampling in determining the concentration of suspended particles (dust) in the emissions of industrial enterprises. PND F 12.1.2-99 / M .: [b.i.], 1999.

5. RF patent No. 2380729 dated January 27, 2010. Authors: Sokolov E.M., Panarin V.M., Pushilina Yu.N., Lapina O.Yu., Zuykova A.A., Bizikin A.V., Pavlova BC, Roshchupkin E.V.

6. Yakunina I.V. Methods and instruments for environmental control. Environmental monitoring: textbook. allowance / I.V. Yakunina, N.S. Popov. - Tambov: Publishing House of TSTU, 2009.

7. Voronich SS Operational monitoring of atmospheric pollution of local territories of Moscow: abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical science: 03.00.16 / SS Voronich. - M., 2006.

8. Razyapov A.Z. Control methods and monitoring systems for environmental pollution: monograph. / A.Z. Ryazyapov. - M.: Publishing. MISiS House, 2011.

9. Mayorov V.A. Smells: their perception, impact, elimination. - M .: Mir, 2006.

10. All-Union regulatory document. Methodology for calculating atmospheric concentrations of harmful substances contained in enterprise emissions. OND-86 / Leningrad: HYDROMETEOISISDATE, 1987.

Claims (1)

A method for the operational control of atmospheric pollution of local territories, including: the use of a specialized mobile environmental laboratory with a trailer; simultaneous sampling and rapid analysis of both samples of atmospheric air, water and soil in the flare zone of the alleged i-th source of excess pollution, taking into account meteorological characteristics, and samples of industrial emissions, as well as measurements of aerodynamic parameters directly on the alleged i-th source of excess pollution in a pipe for determining the power of emission of harmful substances (g / s); automatic transfer of research results via mobile Internet to computers installed in a specialized mobile environmental laboratory; continuous computer-based comparison of data on the component-concentration composition of samples of industrial emissions and atmospheric air, water and soil obtained in real time and the simultaneous calculation of the exact percentage contribution of emissions from the ith source to the total pollution level of the local territory; issuance by the specialists of the operational control group of the results of the studies.

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