RU2557581C1 - Adaptive wing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aviation.

SUBSTANCE: adaptive wing comprises longeron, ribs with flexible trailing edges, consisting of rigid segments of kinematic chains and drives, connected by outputs to inputs of rigid segments of kinematic chains, fixed stringers, arranged in parallel to the longeron and fixed by their sections on sections of ribs, wing covering fixed on the respective sections of external surfaces of longeron, ribs with flexible trailing edges and fixed stringers. Movable stringers are made in the form of composite pivotally interconnected metal beams and pivotally connected by their respective ends to the ends of rigid segments of the kinematic chains.

EFFECT: reduction of undesirable variations of covering on the flexible rear edge of the wing.

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Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of aircraft design and can be used to create adaptive wings with the best aerodynamic characteristics.

Similar technical solutions are known, see, for example, the published article “DESIGN ASPECTS OF THE ELASTIC TRAILING EDGE FOR AN ADAPTIVE WING” in the RTO MP-36 collection of articles, October 18–20, 1999 (a copy of the article on 8 sheets is attached), in which characterized the design of the adaptive wing, which contains:

- spars;

- ribs with flexible trailing edges, which consist of hard links of kinematic chains and drives connected by their respective outputs to the corresponding inputs of hard links of kinematic chains;

- motionless stringers fixed by their respective sections on the corresponding sections of the ribs;

- flexible covering of the wing of the aircraft, fixed on the corresponding sections of the outer surfaces of the spar, ribs, rigid links of the kinematic chains and fixed stringers.

All of these features are common with the patented adaptive wing.

A similar technical solution is also known, see published US application for invention No. 2013/0099050, which is selected as the closest analogue, prototype and which contains:

- spar;

- ribs with flexible trailing edges, which consist of hard links of kinematic chains and drives attached to one of the side surfaces of the ribs and connected with their respective outputs to the corresponding inputs of the hard links of kinematic chains;

- fixed stringers installed parallel to the spar and fixed with their respective sections on the corresponding sections of the ribs;

- the wing covering of the aircraft, fixed on the corresponding sections of the outer surfaces of the spar, ribs, rigid links of the kinematic chains and fixed stringers.

Common features of the proposed technical solutions for patenting and prototype are all of the listed features of the selected prototype.

The technical result, which cannot be achieved by any of the known technical solutions, consists in eliminating (reducing) unwanted deviations of the skin on the flexible trailing edge of the wing, consisting of links of kinematic chains.

The reason for the impossible achievement of the indicated technical result is that the well-known similar technical solutions lack the necessary nodes and blocks that ensure the elimination (reduction) of unwanted deviations of the skin on the flexible trailing edge, which consists of hard links of kinematic chains.

Given the characteristics and analysis of known similar technical solutions, we can conclude that the task of creating adaptive wings with the best aerodynamic characteristics is relevant today.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the adaptive wing containing the spar, ribs with flexible trailing edges, consisting of hard links of kinematic chains and drives connected by their respective outputs to the corresponding inputs of hard links of kinematic chains, fixed stringers mounted parallel to the spar and fixed by their respective sections on the corresponding sections of the ribs, a flexible skin of the wing of the aircraft, fixed on the corresponding sections of the external turns spars, ribs, with flexible trailing edges, consisting of links of kinematic chains and fixed stringers, equipped with movable stringers made in the form of composite metal beams pivotally attached to each other and pivotally connected with their respective ends to the corresponding ends of the rigid links of kinematic chains.

The introduction of movable stringers, made in the form of composite metal beams pivotally interconnected and pivotally connected with their respective ends to the corresponding ends of the kinematic chain rigid links, during operation of the proposed design of the adaptive wing, under various flight conditions of the aircraft, from the respective drive outputs to the corresponding hard inputs the links of the kinematic chains of ribs fixed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spar receive mechanical actions that provide the required deviation of the trailing edge of the wing of the aircraft, in the vertical plane, and the resulting deviations of the ends of the rigid links of the kinematic chains relative to each other, due to the compressive and tensile forces of the movable stringers, made in the form of composite metal beams pivotally connected to each other and pivotally connected by their respective ends to the corresponding ends of the rigid links of the kinematic chains, are compensated by changing the distances between the ends of the same links of kinematic chains, giving and maintaining the shape and external contour of the adaptive wing, i.e. providing the required shaping of the adaptive wing, the best aerodynamic qualities of the adaptive wing and the best degree of damping of the vibrations of the ends of the rigid links of the kinematic chains and other deformable parts of the adaptive wing. In what the achievement of the technical result is manifested.

The analysis of the known technical solutions showed that not one of them contains both the whole set of essential features and the distinctive features proposed for patenting the adaptive wing, which made it possible to conclude that it meets the patentability criteria of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

The proposed design of the adaptive wing of the aircraft is illustrated by the following description and drawing, which shows the wing of the aircraft, which contains:

- spar - 1, made, for example, in the form of a metal beam fixed to one of its ends on the corresponding section of the aircraft body (the aircraft structure is not shown in the drawing);

- ribs - 2 (structural elements of the aerodynamic surface of the wing), made, for example, in the form of flat metal sheets of elliptical shape with narrowed one of their (rear) edges, located with their other front (frontal) edges in the direction of the oncoming air flow, mounted and fixed perpendicular corresponding sections of their surfaces, on the corresponding sections of the surface of the metal beam of the spar - 1, the rigid links of the kinematic chains - 3, fixed to the corresponding areas of the edges of the ribs - 2 and hydraulic drives - 4, mounted on one of the side surfaces of the ribs - 2, connected by their respective outputs (hydraulic cylinder rods) to the corresponding inputs of the hard links of the kinematic chains - 3 and their corresponding inputs to the corresponding inputs of the control circuit, which not shown and not indicated in the drawings;

- fixed stringers - 5, mounted parallel to the spar - 1 and fixed with their respective sections on the corresponding sections of the ribs - 2;

- movable stringers - 6, made in the form of composite, profiled metal beams hinged to each other and pivotally connected with their respective ends to the corresponding ends (outputs) of the rigid links of the kinematic chains - 3 (the positions of the hinges are not indicated in the drawing);

- flexible skin - 7 wings of the aircraft, made, for example, in the form of a composite material consisting of carbon fiber and polyurethane and fixed on the corresponding sections of the outer surfaces of the spar - 1, ribs - 2, fixed - 5 and movable - 6 stringers and rigid links kinematic chains - 3, through, for example, rivets or adhesive bonding.

The proposed adaptive wing operates as follows.

During operation of the proposed adaptive wing, under different flight conditions of the aircraft and the required maneuvers, there is a need for differentially deflecting the trailing edge of the adaptive wing, since the curvature of the adaptive wing profile in different sections along the adaptive wing span begins to vary, which leads to a change in the shape of the adaptive wing and to the deterioration of its aerodynamic quality.

To eliminate this situation, under the action of the corresponding reference signals arriving at the corresponding inputs of the corresponding hydraulic actuators - 4, which are activated and act by the rods of their hydraulic cylinders on the corresponding inputs of the hard links of the kinematic chains - 3, which deflect the corresponding sections of the trailing edge of the adaptive wing relative to each other according to a certain constructive law and thus provide the necessary curvature of the profile of the adaptive wing in each section.

In this case, the mobile stringers - 6 due to the compressive and tensile forces arising from the differential deflection of the trailing edge of the adaptive wing, change the distances between the corresponding surfaces of the rigid links of the kinematic chains - 3 and their location. As a result, the shape and external retraction of the adaptive wing are maintained, as well as the redistribution of aerodynamic loads from the skin - 7 and the necessary shaping of the adaptive wing is ensured.

Thus, the proposed design of the adaptive wing through the use of movable stringers - 6 provides the required shaping of the adaptive wing, the best aerodynamic qualities of the adaptive wing and the best degree of damping of the vibrations of the ends of the rigid links of the kinematic chains - 3 and other deformable parts of the adaptive wing.

Claims (1)

An adaptive wing containing a spar, ribs with flexible trailing edges, consisting of hard links of kinematic chains and drives connected by their respective outputs to the corresponding inputs of hard links of kinematic chains, fixed stringers mounted parallel to the spar and fixed by their respective sections on the corresponding sections of ribs and casing wings fixed to the corresponding sections of the outer surfaces of the spar, ribs with flexible trailing edges, consisting of hard links of kinematic chains, fixed stringers, characterized in that it is equipped with movable stringers made in the form of composite, metal beams pivotally connected to each other and pivotally connected with their respective ends to the corresponding ends of the rigid links of kinematic chains.