RU2557066C1 - Temperature difference energy converter with electronic control - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device has an electronic control unit, an actuation mechanism, two capacitor plates one of which is fixed to the actuation mechanism drive, and the second mobile one is attached to one end of bar from plastic (or from another dielectric material with significant change of linear sizes with change of external temperature). The second end of a bar made from plastic is rigidly attached to a fixed base.

EFFECT: increase of number of triggerings several times.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, and more specifically to capacitive energy converters, and can be used to power low-power energy consumers in climatic conditions with a sufficient periodic temperature difference, for example day and night, or in flight of an artificial Earth satellite in orbit when entering the planet’s shadow and exit from it. The device converts the energy of a temperature difference, for example between day and night, into electrical energy.

Known low-potential energy converters energy temperature differential capacitive type, for example, patent for invention No. 2489793, published 08/10/2013, bull. Number 22.

The known device contains two plates of the container, one of which is fixed motionless, and the second movable is attached to one end of a bar of any dielectric material having a large change in its linear dimensions with changing external temperature. The second end of this bar is rigidly fixed to a fixed base. When the external temperature changes, the bar changes its linear dimensions and moves or moves the movable plate of the tank closer to the stationary one, depending on the direction of the temperature change.

A material having a high relative permittivity, for example, a ferroelectric, is placed between the movable and fixed plates of the capacitor. This dielectric is placed between the plates of the container so that one part is tightly fixed to the fixed plate of the container, and the opposite part is directed to the second movable plate. A small air gap is established between this part of the ferroelectric and the movable plate, which is selected so that with the maximum elongation of the bar made of plastic, the movable plate is tightly pressed against it, and with the minimum size of the bar made of plastic, the movable plate of the tank moves away from the ferroelectric and forms an air gap. The device forms a container, one of the plates of which is movable.

The device also has a direct current excitation source and the contacts necessary to charge the capacitance at the moment of maximum rapprochement of the plates, and to relieve voltage in the load Rн at the moment of their maximum expansion.

The known device operates as follows.

When the external temperature changes, the bar changes its linear dimensions, and moves or moves the movable plate of the tank, depending on the direction of temperature change.

When placing the device in a space with a high temperature, the block increases its dimensions in the axial direction and moves the movable plate to the dielectric having a high relative permittivity, tightly pressing it to it. In this case, the capacitance of the device will be maximum, and proportional to the relative permittivity of the dielectric placed between the plates of the capacitance. In this state, the plates are connected to the contacts of the direct current excitation source, after which the capacitor is charged with charges to the excitation voltage. Next, the excitation source is turned off and the capacitor is disconnected from it.

When the temperature decreases, for example, at night, the bar decreases its linear dimensions in the axial direction and moves the movable plate away from the dielectric having a high relative permittivity, creating a gap between it and the dielectric. In this case, the capacitance of the device will drop sharply in proportion to the decrease in the relative permittivity of the dielectric due to the appearance of an air gap between the plate of the container and the dielectric. In this case, the capacity decreases, and the voltage rises. When the movable plate moves away to the maximum distance from the fixed plate, the voltage rises to the maximum, the contact connects to it and discharges it into the network for load. Further, the process is repeated with a periodic drop and increase in external temperature.

Due to the drop in capacitance on the capacitor, its voltage increases proportionally, and the load receives a voltage that is higher than the voltage of the excitation source.

A disadvantage of the known device is the possibility of its operation only once a day, when the temperature changes and the movable plate of the tank moves away from the solid dielectric. The following operation can occur only after a temperature change from min to max, when the movable plate approaches the ferroelectric again, presses tightly against it, charges from the excitation source and moves away from it, which is possible only during the day when the ambient temperature changes from min to max and then from max to min.

An object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback with an electronically controlled device and an actuator.

The advantage of such a device compared to the known one is the more frequent operation of the converter, which increases its efficiency during the day by a number of times.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of the device.

The device (Fig.) Contains a control unit 1, an excitation source 2, a bar 3 of any dielectric material having a large change in its linear dimensions when the external temperature changes, an actuator 4.

The bar 3 is selected such a length that, as the temperature decreases, its length decreases by a distance greater than necessary to create one air gap. For example, if the gap is required with a value of 1 mm, then the length of bar 3 should decrease by a distance of 5 or 10 mm, depending on the calculation of the number of operations.

The figure shows:

a) - the position of the system at high temperature - t ° max, the capacity is charged to the excitation voltage Uв;

b) - the position of the system at lower temperatures, the system is disconnected from the excitation source, the plates are moved apart and the capacitance is discharged to the load;

c) the position of the system when the capacity plate is moved by the actuator;

d) the position of the system during the second operation.

The converter operates as follows. As in the prototype, when placing the device in a space with a high temperature, the bar increases its dimensions in the axial direction and moves the movable plate to the dielectric having a high relative permittivity, tightly pressing it to it (position "a" in FIG. ) In this case, the capacity of the device will be the maximum, and proportional, relative permittivity of the dielectric placed between the plates of the capacity. In this state, the plates are connected to the contacts of the direct current excitation source, after which the capacitor is charged with charges to the excitation voltage. Next, the excitation source is turned off, and the capacitor is disconnected from it.

When the temperature decreases, for example, at night, the bar reduces its linear dimensions in the axial direction and moves the movable plate away from the dielectric having a high relative permittivity, creating a gap between it and the dielectric (position "b" in Fig.). In this case, the capacitance of the device will drop sharply in proportion to the decrease in the relative permittivity of the dielectric due to the appearance of an air gap between the plate of the container and the dielectric. In this case, the capacity decreases, and the voltage rises. When the movable plate moves away from the fixed plate and an air gap appears between them, the voltage rises to a maximum, the contact connects to it and discharges it into the network for a load. Due to the drop in capacitance on the capacitor, its voltage increases proportionally, and the load receives a voltage that is higher than the voltage of the excitation source.

After the capacitance is discharged to the load, the load is disconnected from the capacitance, and on command from the electronic control unit 1, the actuator 4 moves the plate with the ferroelectric material to another plate until the air gap between them is completely removed and is fixed in this position (position "in" in Fig.). The capacitance is again connected to the contacts of the source, after which the capacitor is recharged to the excitation voltage. The bar 3 continues to shrink in size, and after a while the air gap between the plates of the container will reappear. (Position "g" in Fig.). And again, due to a drop in the capacitance on the capacitor, its voltage increases proportionally, and the load receives a voltage that is higher than the voltage of the excitation source.

The process is then repeated.

Claims (1)

A temperature differential energy converter consisting of a capacitor, one plate of which is fixedly mounted, and the second is fixed on a movable dielectric material that moves with the help of electric motor energy, and has the ability to move away and approach a fixed plate, an excitation source, and a contact system that provides a charge of the capacitance when the plates approach each other and discharge at their maximum distance, characterized in that a bar of any dielectric material having a large change in its of linear dimensions when the external temperature changes, it is selected such a length that, with decreasing temperature, its length decreases by a distance greater than necessary to create one air gap, and the converter additionally has an electronic control unit that controls the actuator, which periodically upon command from the electronic unit control moves the plate with the ferroelectric material to another plate until the air gap between them is completely removed and fixes it in this position.