RU2553591C1 - Device for purification of waste gases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: device for purification of waste gases contains element of twisting waste gas stream, catalytic element, made in form of spiral 2, two washers 8, and is introduced body 4. Element of stream twisting is made in form of screw-shaped central body 3 with applied on its surface catalyst, ends of which are fastened to washers 8 and connected with round disks with slots 1, 5. Catalytic element is made in form of small springs 7 of different shape with vastly developed surface and located in cavity of body 4 between coils of screw-shaped central body 3 for neutralisation of harmful substances in waste gases. Part of springs 7 is covered with catalyst of oxidative action, part - with one of reduction action.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of device for waste gases purification by neutralisation of harmful emissions in waste gases.

1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to catalytic converters of exhaust gases, and can be used both in internal combustion engines and in any fuel-burning equipment with the emission of combustion products.

Known exhaust gas catalyst containing a catalytic element mounted in the housing, made in the form of a spiral (application of Japan 52-10698, IPC F01N 3/00, 1977).

This device as a converter does not function effectively. This is due to the fact that unreacted harmful gases slip along the axial zone of the converter.

A device is known (Patent RU 2135787, IPC F01N 3/28), selected as a prototype, containing a catalytic element made in the form of a spiral, an element for swirling the exhaust gas stream made in the form of a spiral located inside the catalytic element, two washers interconnected screeds.

The disadvantage of this device is the high concentration of harmful emissions in the axial zone of the gas stream, due to insufficient neutralization of harmful emissions, which reduces the efficiency of the exhaust gas purification device.

The object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device by neutralizing harmful emissions, for example, in internal combustion engines when driving in an exhaust system.

The technical result from the use of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of an exhaust gas purification device by neutralizing harmful emissions in exhaust gases.

The technical problem is solved in that the exhaust gas purification device comprises an exhaust gas flow swirling element, a catalytic element made in the form of a spiral, two washers, and a housing is introduced, the flow swirling element is made in the form of a screw-shaped central body with a catalyst deposited on its surface, the ends of which attached to the washers and connected to round disks with slots, while the catalytic element is made in the form of small springs of various shapes with a highly developed surface and located in body cavities between the turns of a helical central body to neutralize harmful substances in the exhaust gases, and some of the springs are coated with an oxidizing catalyst, and some are reductive.

To clarify the technical nature of the invention, consider FIG. 1 - exhaust gas purification device, where:

1, 5 - round discs with slots;

2 - a catalytic element in the form of a spiral;

3 - helical central body;

4 - case;

6 - cracks;

7 - springs;

8 - washers;

9 - fastening bolts.

The exhaust gas purification device consists of a catalytic element 2, made in the form of a spiral. Inside the spiral, a helical central body 3 is placed, the ends of which are attached to the washers 8. To ensure free passage of the exhaust gases, openings are made in the washers 8. Disks 1, 5 with slots 6 are attached to the washers 8. The cavity of the housing 4 between the turns of the screw-shaped central body 3 is filled with springs 7. The springs 7 are made of nickel or nickel-containing material. It is possible to make springs 7 from palladium or an alloy containing silver. Very effective is the manufacture of springs 7 from a material containing chromium, nickel, titanium. To obtain a highly developed surface of the springs 7 they are etched with acid. An oxidizing catalyst is applied to a portion of the springs 7, and a reduction catalyst is applied to a portion.

The spiral-shaped central body 3 can be made of ordinary structural steel, or of a nickel-containing material, or of nickel. The helical central body 3 provides the same gravimetric density of the springs 7 over the entire cross section of the device. In addition, the helical central body 3 contributes to the swirling of the exhaust gas flow, but, like the springs 7, it is coated with a catalyst, which allows to increase the degree of purification of the exhaust gases. The shape of the springs 7 (cylindrical, conical, spherical, etc.) and the dimensions of the springs 7 are determined based on the volume of the catalytic unit and the required area for applying the catalyst. The exhaust gas purification device comprises a housing 4 made of a thin sheet of stainless steel.

The exhaust gas purification device operates as follows.

When used as intended, the exhaust gas purification device is installed and fixed, for example, in the silencer cavity (in the internal volume of the resonator).

The operation of the exhaust gas purification device when cleaning the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is as follows. Flue gases from the internal combustion engine through the exhaust manifold enter the exhaust system. When the exhaust gas flows onto the helical central body 3, the flow swirls and moves along a spiral path corresponding to the screw, which gives the flow of exhaust (exhaust) gases a trajectory in which it contacts the surface of the springs 7, heating them and pressing them against the circular disk with slots 5. Due to catalysis on the surfaces of the springs 7 and the helical central body 3, a chemical reaction begins to occur, which allows to reduce the content of gaseous harmful substances.

The springs 7 provide intensive heat and mass transfer and smooth out the pulsations of the gas-air flow, which improves the process of purification of exhaust gases from harmful impurities. Oxidation reactions effectively begin to proceed already at the initial moment of time, since during the interaction of exhaust gases with nickel-containing catalytic springs 7, the latter quickly heat up to a working state. The presence of chromium and titanium springs in the material allows to increase the degree of purification of exhaust gases.

After a certain period of operation, the springs 7 are cleaned of mechanical impurities. To do this, remove the exhaust gas purification device from the muffler, detach the round disks with slots 1, 5 and pour out the springs 7. After cleaning and checking their condition, the springs 7 are re-placed in the cavity of the housing 4 between the turns of the screw-shaped central body 3, the round disks with slots 1, 5 are attached to the washers 8. If necessary, new springs 7 coated with a catalyst are added to the exhaust gas purification device. These springs 7 are supplied as consumables for mufflers.

The degree of purification can be controlled by installing springs 7 of a certain amount, size and type of catalytic coating.

The performance check of the exhaust gas purification device and its efficiency were evaluated on the internal combustion engine of the GAZ-31029 automobile, converted for working on methane. The test results without using a purification device and using an exhaust gas purification device are given in table. one.

The tests were carried out at different modes of engine revolution (1700, 2060 rpm). As can be seen from table 1, the use of an exhaust gas purification device can improve environmental performance for all harmful substances contained in the exhaust gas (NO _x , CH, CO), several times. The content of nitrogen oxides NO _x decreases at n = 1700 rpm from 1518 ppm to 2.1 ppm, and at n = 2060 rpm from 1689 ppm to 2.3 ppm. The hydrocarbon content of CH decreases at n = 1700 rpm from 532 ppm to 0.67 ppm, and at n = 2060 rpm from 679 ppm to 0.7 ppm. The carbon monoxide content of CH decreases at n = 1700 rpm from 932 ppm to 4.2 ppm, and at n = 2060 rpm from 1002 ppm to 4.3 ppm.

It should be noted that the use of this device is not limited to its use only on internal combustion engines. It can be successfully used in the operation of any fuel-burning equipment with the emission of combustion products into the atmosphere.

Compared with known analogues, the design features of the inventive exhaust gas purification device can increase its efficiency by neutralizing harmful emissions in the exhaust gases, due to the chemical reaction between the exhaust gases and the catalyst on the surfaces of the springs and the helical central body.

Also, the exhaust gas purification device is easy to manufacture, reliable in operation, maintains maintainability, is characterized by small dimensions.

Claims (1)

An exhaust gas purification device comprising an element for swirling an exhaust gas stream, a catalytic element made in the form of a spiral, two washers, characterized in that a housing is introduced, a flow swirling element is made in the form of a screw-shaped central body with a catalyst deposited on its surface, the ends of which are attached to washers and are connected to circular disks with slots, while the catalytic element is made in the form of small springs of various shapes with a highly developed surface and located in the body cavity between the turns of a helical central body to neutralize harmful substances in the exhaust gases, some of the springs are coated with an oxidizing catalyst, and some are reductive.