RU2553495C1 - Method for detecting collective-cognitive unconscious perception phenomenon - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.SUBSTANCE: method applies a visual system of depth-effect 2D image perception; ocular movements are recorded by a binocular eye-tracker; right and left eye lines are sensed. At the first stage: Io image is selected, wherein the person being tested perceives image relief and depth effects. The Io is displayed on a monitor screen of the binocular eye-tracker, spaced from the eyes atH; a right (Ra) and left (Le) eye line X-coordinate array is recorded during the period ?T of measurement. A coordinate difference is calculated by formula ?X=X-X; a coordinate difference histogram is contoured; a difference histogram contour peak is localised as a peak density of eye focusing planes, a contour line range, and focusing planes. A distanceH to the difference histogram contour peak is calculated on the leftH and rightH contour lines; providedH?H, then the differences ?H=H-H are derived, and objective physiological makers of the relief effect that are the parameters independent of an estimation offered by the person being tested and recorded by the binocular eye-tracker are detected. They are compared to a relief analogue that is a 3D-pixel image perception depthIo. A coordinate difference?X is calculated; a difference histogram is contoured; a difference histogram contour peak is localised as a peak density of eye focusing planes, a contour line; a distanceH to the contour peak and the eye focusing plane, and the contour line is measured. Provided the distancesH,?H fall within the distance range ?H=H-H?0, withH?H, general physiological principles of the relief effect perception and the depth perception of the pixel images betweenIo and Io are stated. They are referred to reference plane images I, which describe positions of the right and left eye focusing planes within the distance range ?H=H-H?0, withH?H. The second stage involves drawing independent samples of the people being tested who are presented with the reference plane images Iformed at the first stage. Relief build-up values are derived on the images I, statistical relief tracking diagrams on the analysed images are constructed. The relief perception for independent samples of the people being tested is matched, and the general principles of the plane image relief perception are laid down.EFFECT: method enables identifying the principles of unconscious perception of the image relief perception by recording the eye motions by the binocular eye-tracker.5 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of psychology, experimental psychology, physiology, human ecology and can be used in cognitive science, quantum psychology, neuroscience, psycho- and neurophysology to identify the characteristics of perception in a modern technogenic environment.

It is known that the cognitive unconscious sphere includes: "..automatism, ... intuitive components of mental activity, ..." [1]. The phenomena of the cognitive unconscious are an individual feature of each person.

It is known "about two general methods of cognition - intuitive, when judgments are made automatically and very quickly, and controlled, when a decision is made deliberately and slowly" [1].

It is known that every person possesses sensory intuition from nature. “At the very beginning of a person’s life, an intuitive way of knowing the laws of the world around us is practically the only and very powerful tool. Without the help of adults, the child realizes the connections that exist between the spoken words and objects, independently makes generalizations. The child carries out such complex creative work for every word, phenomenon. It was at this age that the apparatus for identifying patterns and relationships worked as much as possible for him. But after mastering the beginnings of the language, it is much easier for a child to get information about relationships and concepts in adults than to guess and generalize himself. As a result, the effective apparatus weakened as unnecessary, almost atrophied. Very few still manage to save it, and it is their people who perceive it as geniuses of intuition. Developed intuition (cognitive) by practical experience in analyzing the causes of phenomena, comparing new knowledge with known, etc. ”[2].

It is known that the natural principle of stereoscopic vision, binocular disparity (stereopsis) does not allow perceiving images of single planar images (for example, a painting) with depth and volume effects that are comparable in perception with stereoscopic depth of stereoscopic projections (stereograms, generalized stereoscopic projections) under fusion conditions [3, 4]. Therefore, in a painting as a flat image, monocular signs of perspective do not reproduce all the attributes of the depth of images inherent in binocular disparity [3]. Thus, for stereopsis, the physical and technical contradiction of obtaining a three-dimensional sensation in the perception of a plane (or 2D) image is the absence of two offset projections of 3D images of surrounding objects located at different distances from the observation point.

It is known that training for observing stereoscopic depth initiates the ability of 3D perception of a planar image [5-8] with the effects of depth, spatial perspective of images, comparable with the stereoscopic depth of stereoscopic projections under fusion conditions [9]. Inventions [5-7] propose approaches, training technology that can eliminate the physical and technical contradictions of stereopsis. It is assumed that this ability refers to radical changes in visual perception in the modern technogenic environment [10]. According to the theory of solving inventive problems [2], inventions in which physical and technical contradictions are eliminated belong to the highest, fifth level of classification. In perspective, such inventions are able to structure new levels of technology [2]. As a rule, inventions of the highest level are supplemented by related technical solutions, inventions of lower levels of classification. As, for example, for [5-7] it is [11-13] and 15 other other patents and applications for inventions. The initial stage in the structuring of three-dimensional attributes of perception of planar images is the effects of relief [14]. In the first (1913) definitions and references, the concept of “relief” is limited by the conditions for perceiving the depth of images of some types of planar images, but it does not create effects of perceiving the volume of objects removed further 400-450 m. Currently, about 4% of the sample is about 1000 people. ages 14–22 years of age claim a three-dimensional perception of cloud cover, and for 1–1.5 percent there is no longer a planar perception of images of 2D images [10, 15]. Consequently, for them, the effects of relief relate to the conditions of perception at the automatic level of action and radical changes in visual perception.

It is known that according to the principles of action, the ability to perceive the depth and volume of planar images can be classified as elements of intuitive (cognitive) thinking [15, 16]. Moreover, in the final stages of the development of the ability to perceive the depth and volume of images of 2D images, the effects of depth are perceived at the level of automatism [10]. In other words, the phenomenon of perceiving the depth and volume of images of 2D images falls under the conditions for determining the scope of the cognitive unconscious.

It is known that if the acquired characters go to the automatic level, then in the future they can “crystallize into the morphology and physiology of the living system” [17].

It is known that the effects of perceiving the depth of images of 2D images can be recorded by the objective method using a binocular IT tracker [18-21]. On the binocular IT tracker, the X-coordinates of the gaze direction of the right (X ^Ra ) and left (X ^Le ) eyes are determined on the monitor with a demonstration of a planar image on it, the difference ΔX = X ^Le -X ^{Ra is} calculated. Conditions ΔX ≠ 0 indicate the presence of the ability to perceive the depth of the images of 2D images. Using the numerical array for the time ΔT of the registration, the contour of the histogram of the difference ΔX (ΔT) is constructed, the location of the maximum of the contour, the half-width, is determined.

It is known that 3D raster images are mounted on independent depth layers and applied to one common blank [22]. Such 3D images can be used as an analogue (or example) of the perception of the relief of a planar image.

The objective of the invention is the use of the visual system, the ability of the relief perception of the images of 2D images for the experimental identification of the phenomenon of collective cognitive unconscious perception.

The task is achieved by selecting the image of Io, on which the subjectively perceives the effects of relief-depth of images, displaying Io on the binocular IT tracker monitor screen located at a distance of ⁰ N from the eyes, during the measurement of ΔT by registering the X-coordinate array of the pupil of the right eye (Ra) and left (Le) eye coordinate calculating the difference ΔH = ^Le X- ^Ra X, constructing circuit histogram difference coordinate determining circuit histogram peak as the location difference between the maximum density of the plane of focus ovki eye contour boundaries range, focus planes, calculating distances to the histogram circuit maximum difference ^max H, H, ^L in the left and right borders ^straight H circuit if ^max ≠ H ⁰ H, then finding the difference? H ^L = H H ^pr and determination objective physiological features of the relief effect - independent of the opinion of the test person, recorded on a binocular IT tracker, by comparing them with the analogue of the relief - the depth of perception of the 3D-raster image of ^3D Io, for which: setting the raster on the binoculars screen ular X-ray tracker and repeating the procedure for registering the X-coordinates of the pupil gaze of the right and left eyes, calculating the ^3D ΔX coordinate difference, plotting the difference histogram, determining the location of the maximum of the difference histogram contour as the maximum density of the eye focus plane, the boundary of the contour, finding the distance to the location of the maximum contour ^3Dmax H and the focus plane of the eye, its boundaries,

if the distances ^3Dmax H, ^3D ΔH are in the range of distances ΔН = ^l H- ^pr Н ≠ 0, for ^max Н ах ⁰ Н, then fixing the general objective physiological laws of perception of the relief effect and perception of the depth of raster images between ^3D Io and Io and assigning them to control planar images And _To , which characterize the location of the focus planes of the right and left eyes in the range of distances ΔН = ^l H - ^pr N ≠ 0, with ^max H ≠ ⁰ N,

in the second step drawing independent samples of subjects demonstrating their control plane image _K obtained in the first stage, and obtaining parameters occurrence of the bump on the images _K, constructing statistical diagrams observation bump on the test images, by comparing the perception of relief for independent samples tested and fixation general patterns of perception of relief of planar images.

Figure 1-5 shows an illustration of the application of the method. Figure 1 shows a planar (or 2D) image of Io, on which the subjective effects of relief are perceived. Figure 2-I constructed a histogram of the difference ΔX (ΔT) = X ^Le -X ^Ra , with an objective perception of the relief of the images of the 2D image of Io, located at a distance of ⁰ N from the eyes. Figure 2-II shows the histogram of the difference under the conditions of objective perception of the depth of the 3D raster image, constructed according to the images of the Io planar image (the histogram is the probability of observing the parameters during the registration time). The bitmap image is set at the same distance of ⁰ N. On the horizontal scale of FIG. 2-I, FIG. 2-II, the conditional values of the differences in the coordinates of the right and left eyes are plotted, and on the vertical scale, quantitative values of the difference during the recording time ΔT. A smoothed histogram outline is plotted on each figure. The vertical white line indicates the locations of the maxima of the smooth contour. The ΔX values allow us to determine the location of the focus point of the gaze of the right and left eye. If ΔX = 0, then the focus point of the gaze of the right and left eye coincides with a distance of ⁰ N. If ΔX <0, then the eyes are focused at distances of ⁰ N + Δh _l = ^l N. For positive values of ΔX, the focus point is at a distance of ⁰ N -Δh _pr ^pr = H. Figure 3 shows the perception of color chart images "Physical map of the world" relief images. The BI chart was obtained for a sample of 254 people, BII - for a sample of 349 people. On a horizontal scale, images are depicted where, according to the subjective statement of each participant in the sample, relief effects were observed. The vertical scale shows the percentage of participants observing the relief of the images. Figure 4 is a generalized diagram for two independent groups of subjects BI and BII. On a vertical scale - the percentage of participants in the sample claiming perception of embossment in the environment "surroundings" and in the general displayed image "fc" The diagram of figure 5 shows the perception of embossment of the third sample in the amount of 30 people. on planar images in the environment. On a vertical scale, the probability of perceiving the relief of planar images indicated on the horizontal scale is laid off.

The general principle of the method is as follows. The image of Io is selected, on which the effects of relief images are subjectively perceived. Under the subjective perception of relief is understood the emergence of depth at which, in the opinion of the test subject, the effects of depth of individual images are perceived. According to the recommendations of the technology for preparing images for 3D-raster image production programs, depth layers are mounted on the Io image. Depth layers are encoded by appropriate programs, printed on paper and glued to a plate of cylindrical lenses. Then, the depth layers of individual images are perceived on the ^3D Io raster image. The ^3D Io bitmap is used as an analogue of the bump effect. Then, the general objective laws of perception of the relief of the Io image and the depth of the images of the ^3D Io raster image are revealed. Objective characteristics are understood to mean parameters independent of the subject’s opinion, recorded on a binocular IT tracker. A binocular eye tracking is used, which allows you to register the gaze directions of the pupils of the right and left eyes. The monitor of the IT tracker is installed at a distance of ⁰ N from the eyes of the subject. The image of Io is displayed on the monitor of the IT tracker and for the time ΔT, X-coordinates (in relative units of the IT tracker measurement scale) of the eye gaze are recorded. From the data arrays at each moment of fixing the X-coordinates, the coordinate difference ΔX (t _i ) = ^Le X (t _i ) - ^Ra X (t _i ) is calculated. Using the values of ΔX (ΔT), the contour of the difference histogram is constructed, where ΔX (ΔT) is the change in the coordinate difference during the registration time. The location of the maximum of the difference histogram contour and the values of the relative units of the monitor on the wings are determined. The difference ΔX allows you to determine the distance to the focus of the right and left eye to a point (or the focus plane). The condition ΔX = 0 corresponds to focusing the eyes at a distance of ⁰ H. To calculate the distance ^ΔX H to the focus point, the formula ^ΔX H = ⁰ Hd / (d-ΔX) is used, where d is the distance (in cm) between the pupils of the eyes of the subject, ΔX is the difference coordinates in cm. The formula is obtained from the similarity of the equality of triangles. At the bases of the triangles is the distance d and ΔX, the heights are ⁰ H or ^ΔX H (if ΔX ≠ 0). The contour of the difference histogram allows you to calculate the distance to the focus plane of the right and left eyes, the range of its change in the perception of relief.

Further, at the same distance ⁰ H (i.e., on the monitor of the IT tracker), a 3D raster image of ^3D Io is set. The process of registering the X-coordinates of the pupil gaze of the right and left eyes is repeated, the calculation of the coordinate difference, the construction of the contour of the difference histogram, the location of the maximum contour, its boundaries, the distance to the array of the location of the eye focusing planes.

In that case, if the locations of the focusing planes during the demonstration of the image of Io and ^3D Io are in the general range of values, then, therefore, the objectively recorded perception of the relief and depth of the raster image have a common and objective physiological peculiarity. It consists in scanning the eye focusing planes in the range of distances ΔH other than ⁰ H, i.e. as the locations of the Io and ^3D Io planes.

At the final stage, the general patterns of perception of relief for independent samples of subjects are determined. In the event that the subjects perceive relief on the same images on the same images, then a conclusion is drawn about the unconsciously-cognitive perception of images of planar images.

Here is an example of the implementation of the method when using Fig. 1 as a planar image of Io, recording X-coordinates on the SMI HiSpeed IT tracker in binocular mode (recording frequency 500 Hz). Interpupillary distance d = 64 mm. The image was exposed on a 19 ″ CRT ViewSonic 90Gf monitor located at a distance of ⁰ H = 58 cm from the observer’s eyes (resolution 1280 × 1024 pixels; 38 pixels / cm). The exposure time was from 15 to 150 s. A bitmap was set on the monitor screen.

The following relief effects are observed on the Io planar image. In the foreground, “2010” is perceived, then the emblem sign, then the jumping figure of a person, etc. The inscription “Mehmat 50” is closer than the figure of a person with a background image, etc. The background, over which the jumping figure is like a three-dimensional image, with varying depth effects in the color scheme, the moon is separated from the background. On the ^3D Io raster image, 18 depth layers are highlighted, most of which are similar to the perception of Io relief effects. In a subjective comparison, the depth on the ^3D Io raster image is 1.5-2 times greater than the relief on Io. On Io, the relief of the inscription “Mehmatu 50” is separated from the left side of the background with a figure no further than 1 cm. The raster image is made at 40lpi. The same inscription subjectively stands out from the background by at least 2 cm.

A histogram of the difference ΔX (ΔT) of coordinates for Io is shown in FIG. 2-I. At the maximum of the contour (in terms of the difference ΔX in cm), ΔX is the value in absolute units (i.e., excluding the sign) of 0.76 cm. For the conversion, the conventional units of the horizontal scale and the calibration characteristics of the monitor were used. According to the formula for ^ΔX H, the distance to the maximum of the histogram contour and the highest probability of detecting the image focusing plane is 65.8 cm. Therefore, the concentration of the maximum perception of relief is located behind the monitor plane at a distance of 7.8 cm. The left wing of the contour reaches ΔX 1, 84 cm (distance ^ΔX H = 81.4 cm), right up to 0.4 cm (or ^ΔX H = 54.6 cm). In the "format" of the histograms of the difference in the perception of the relief of the image Io, the focus planes of the eye scan a space with a depth of 26.8 cm.

The histogram of the difference in the perception of the depth of the ^3D IO raster image shows that at the maximum of the histogram of the ^3D difference ΔX = 1.63 cm (again, without taking into account the sign). This corresponds to a distance of 77.9 cm from the eyes. from the concentration range of the maximum, the eye concentration plane is located behind the monitor plane at a distance of 19.9 cm. The “swing” of the contour (at the level of 90% of the maximum) fills the space of concentration of perception of the depth of the raster at a distance of 48 cm.

The comparison shows that the width of the contour of the difference in X coordinates, recounted in cm at the level of 90% of the maximum when perceiving the raster depth (4.34) and relief (2.32), differs by 1.87 times. In this case, the concentration depth of the maximum density of the focusing planes for the raster (19.9 cm) is 12.1 cm further from the eyes than with the perception of relief.

The histograms of figure 2 show that the perception of the relief of a planar image and its raster analogue have common physiological features. They consist in the fact that when perceiving the relief of a planar image and the depth of a raster image, the eyes scan areas of space located behind the plane of location of the analyzed images on and before the plane. The condition of planar perception of a 2D image (zero scale value of FIG. 2-I) is only briefly present during the measurement. In the overwhelming time interval, the process of perception of relief occurs (i.e., non-zero ranges of the scale).

Presented in figure 2, the graphic material was obtained by an objective (i.e. independent of the opinion of the subject) experimental method. It confirms the subjective comparison of the perception of relief and the depth of the produced raster image. Therefore, to simplify the implementation of the method, the next stage uses only the subjective opinion of the subjects on the effects of perception of relief.

Figure 3 presents diagrams of perception of relief when demonstrating to subjects a color image of the Physical map of the world. The card was printed on A4 format (~ 20 × 30 cm). Diagram B.1 was obtained for a sample of 254 people, BII - for a sample of 349 people. Each sample, in turn, consisted of 10-15 independent groups of 10-25 people. On a horizontal scale, images are depicted where, according to the subjective statement of each participant in the sample, relief effects were observed. On a vertical scale, the percentage of participants observing the relief of images. Deciphering the horizontal scale: “all” - perception of the relief of all images of the “Physical map of the world”; “Yes” - perception of relief without decoding, on what images; "Grenl" - the relief of the island of Greenland; "Mountains" - the perception of the relief of mountain ranges; "Water" - the relief of the water; "Mater" - the relief of the continents; "Green" - the relief of green; "Core" is brown; "White" is white; "Decomp. color ”- the relief of the various colors of the card. Figure 4 is a generalized diagram for a sample of BI and BII. The vertical scale shows the percentage of participants in the sample who claim to perceive the relief in the environment as “surroundings” and on the image of the “Physical World Map” - “fc”. The diagram in figure 5 shows the perception of the relief of the third sample in 30 people. on planar images in the environment. On a vertical scale, the probability of perceiving the bumpiness of the images of planar images indicated on the horizontal scale is plotted.

The diagrams of figure 3 show that the perception of the relief of images for independent samples have common patterns in terms of: map components, color gamut, and the total number of distinguished components. The diagram of Fig. 4 shows that in each sample (72-73)% of the subjects say that they perceive relief in the environment (okr cf. B1 and B2). About observation of the relief of images of the Physical World Map is claimed by (91-93)% of respondents (fk.m. B1 and B2). The diagrams of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are obtained for subjects who have not undergone any special training in developing the ability of 3D-perception of 2D-images. In their responses, they used an example (or analogue) of relief in the format of a 3D raster image of the Physical map of the world. Figure 5 presents a diagram of responses to the perception of relief of a group of students who have completed semester training on the development of the ability of three-dimensional perception of plane images. 92% say they observe relief in: outdoor advertising, paintings, newspapers, etc. We emphasize that about 2% perceive relief on any planar images (the diagram is “at all”).

The above diagrams demonstrate the general patterns of perception of relief for independent samples of subjects. At the same time, relief is perceived on an automatic level. Consequently, the relief of images of planar images characterizes the collective cognitive characteristics of perception (and thinking) in a modern natural and technogenic environment.

Relief indicators characterize statistical indicators of perception of independent groups of subjects. Because Since stereopsis does not allow us to perceive 2D images with three-dimensional effects, the bumpiness characterizes the collective unconscious region with a certain eye movement and focusing of the concentration plane in the distance range ΔH = ^l H - ^pr N ≠ 0, provided ^max H ≠ ⁰ H.

The transition of relief perception to the level of the collective cognitive unconscious should be attributed to the initialization and application of the whole complex of the sphere of activity of cognitive unconscious perception. Including the previously atrophied use of the apparatus for cognition of the laws of the world around us is a creative work used at the very beginning of every child’s life.

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Claims (1)

A method for identifying patterns of unconscious perception of relief of a planar image, including the use of the visual system, the perception of images of 2D images with depth effects, recording eye movement on a binocular eye tracker, determining the direction of gaze of the right and left eyes, characterized in that at the first stage: select the image of Io, on which the subjective subjectively perceives the effects of relief-depth of images, Io is displayed on the monitor screen of the binocular IT tracker, placed at a distance of ⁰ N from hl az, during the measurement ΔT, an array of X-coordinates of the pupil gaze of the right (Ra) and left (Le) eyes is recorded, the coordinate difference ΔX = ^Le X- ^Ra X is calculated, the histogram of the coordinate difference is plotted, the location of the maximum of the difference histogram contour is determined as the maximum the density of the eye focusing planes, the range of the contour boundaries, the focusing planes, calculate the distances to the maximum contour of the histogram of the difference ^max H, on the left ^l H and right ^pr N the contour boundaries, if ^max H ≠ ⁰ N, then find the differences ΔН = ^l N- ^pr N and define the object ivnye physiological features of the effect of the bump - independent of the opinions of the parameters of the test, recorded on the binocular aytrekere, compare them with the analog bump - depth perception of 3D-bitmap ^3D Io, as follows: set the screen on the monitor binocular aytrekera screen and repeat the registration procedure of the X-coordinate direction the pupils of the right and left eyes, calculate the ^3D ΔX coordinate difference, plot the difference histogram, determine the location of the maximum of the difference histogram and as the maximum density of the focus plane of the eye, the boundary of the contour, find the distance to the location of the maximum of the contour ^3Dmax H and the focus plane of the eye, its border, if the distances ^3Dmax H, ^3D ΔН are in the range of the distance ΔН = ^l Н- ^pr Н ≠ 0 at ^max H ≠ ⁰ H, then fixed common objective physiological effect bump patterns perception and perception of depth between bitmaps ^3D Io and Io and carry them to a control-plane image and _K, which characterize the location of a focusing plane ki right and left eyes in a range of distances = ^L? H H ^pr H ≠ 0, when ^{0 max} H ≠ H, the second phase constitute an independent sample of subjects who exhibit planar reference image _K obtained in the first step, and the occurrence indicators are obtained relief on the image and _{to the} build statistics charts observation bump on the test images, perceptions correlate bump test for independent samples and record the general laws of perception bump planar images.

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