RU2553445C1 - Hybrid magnet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: hybrid magnet includes a ferrite magnetised magnetic conductor with an additional bias winding. The ferrite magnetised magnetic conductor is made in the form of a group of thin C-shaped plates alternating with a group of thin plates of their magnetically soft ferromaterial with a high value of saturation induction, for example, iron ones, which are bonded to each other. A bias winding is wound on them.

EFFECT: enlarging the readjustment range of intensity of a magnetic field in a working gap of a hybrid magnet.

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Description

The invention relates to magnetic energy and can be used in the development of frequency-stabilized generated oscillations based on ferromagnetically viscous motors. There are also various options for constructing ferromagnetically viscous engines [1-6], which convert the thermal energy of the external environment into mechanical energy.

Known ferromagnetically viscous generators with stabilization of the frequency of generated electrical oscillations [7-8], which use permanent magnets based on magnetized ferrites, for example SmCo ₃ , which additionally wind an inductor connected to an adjustable constant current source to change the magnetic field in the automatic regulation to maintain the angular speed of rotation of the ferromagnetic disk when changing the load connected to its axis of rotation of the generator ra electric current when changing the active load included for this generator.

The closest technical solution for the claimed device is a device for automatic control of an electric generator [8] of the same author, which contains a ferromagnetic ring mechanically connected to the axis of rotation through the yokes, part of the ferromagnetic ring is placed in a saturating magnetic field of a strong permanent magnet equipped with a magnetization coil, and the other one the part is connected with a heat-generating medium, for example, purified water taken from the corresponding water basin, mechanically connected to the axis of rotation a phase-phase alternator connected to a three-phase rectifier and to an electric load, the output of a three-phase rectifier through a magnetization control unit is connected to a magnetization coil of a strong permanent magnet, the input of the magnetization control unit is connected to the output of a series-connected reference voltage generator, phase-sensitive rectifier and low-pass filter (or integrator), characterized in that a tachogenerator is mechanically connected to the axis of rotation of the ferromagnetic ring, the output to is connected to the second input of the phase-sensitive rectifier, and the magnetic gap of a strong permanent magnet is made of two parts, the first of which forms a uniform magnetic field with a strength that ensures the magnetic susceptibility of the ferromagnet to the maximum value along the length L of this magnetic gap, and the second part of the magnetic gap length L forms a saturating magnetic field at the beginning of this part of the magnetic gap and then in the direction of motion of the ferromagnetic ring linearly increasing in magnetic field at the end of the magnetic gap, and the angular velocity ω * of rotation of the ferromagnetic ring, corresponding to the maximum of the torque appearing in it, is determined by the condition ω * = L / λ R τ, where λ = 1.23 and R is the average radius of the ferromagnetic ring, τ is the relaxation time constant of the magnetic viscosity of the ferromagnet from which the ferromagnetic ring is made. The effect of such a device is explained by the dynamic asymmetry of the magnetocaloric effect and the phenomenon of anomalous magnetization of a ferromagnet moving in a spatially localized saturating magnetic field [9].

A disadvantage of the known device is the limitation of the possibility of increasing the magnetic field due to the electrical magnetization of the magnetic core of a ferrite permanent magnet due to the insufficient level of saturation induction of such a magnet, which limits the possibility of auto-regulation of the frequency of generated oscillations within the necessary wide limits of the load.

The specified disadvantage of the known device is eliminated in the claimed technical solution.

The aim of the invention is to expand the range of adjustment of the magnetic field in the working gap of the hybrid magnet (permanent magnet with an additional magnetization winding).

This goal is achieved in the inventive hybrid magnet containing a ferrite magnetized magnetic circuit with an additional magnetization winding, characterized in that the ferrite magnetized magnetic circuit is made in the form of a group of thin plates interspersed with a group of thin plates of their magnetically soft ferromaterial with a large amount of saturation induction, for example, iron moreover, these groups of alternating thin C-shaped plates with a linearly varying distance between their magnetic poles are glued together and an additional magnetizing winding is wound on them.

Achieving this goal is explained by the use of magnetically soft ferromagnetic plates with a large value of saturation induction in the composition of the hybrid magnet. The use of thin plates of magnetized ferromagnet and magnetically soft ferromagnet (iron), alternating between themselves, increases the uniformity of the increase in the magnetic field in the working magnetic gap to its end in the direction of rotation of the ferromagnetic ring in the generating device, moreover, the smaller the the thickness of these plates.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a hybrid magnet, including:

1 - thin plates of magnetized ferromaterial,

2 - thin plates of magnetically soft material, for example, iron,

3 - magnetization winding.

Figure 1 shows the length of the working magnetic gap L along the X axis.

Figure 2 shows graphs of the average magnetic field strength H (x) in the working magnetic gap in the absence of a magnetizing current in the magnetization winding 3 (bold dashed line 1) and at the maximum bias current (bold dashed line 2). Odd plates 1 of a magnetized ferromagnet without a bias current create a magnetic field indicated by the dashed line (a), and with a maximum bias current, the dashed line (b). Even plates 2 of magnetically soft material (iron) can significantly expand the range of regulation of the magnetic field in the working magnetic gap.

Consider the action of the claimed device.

In the event that the magnet is made only of magnetized magnetically hard material (ferrite), then in the absence of a bias current, the distribution of the magnetic field strength H (x) along the X axis is shown by the dashed straight line (a) in Fig. 2. At the maximum bias current in the winding 3 from an adjustable constant current source, the distribution of H (x) appears as a dashed straight line (b). The slope of line (b) relative to line (a) differs insignificantly because the remanent magnetization of such a magnet is close to saturation magnetization; therefore, an increase in the magnetizing current is not able to significantly increase the magnetization of such a magnet.

When alternating thin plates of magnetized ferromagnet 1 and magnetically soft ferromaterial 2 with a large saturation induction, for example, iron, are introduced into a hybrid magnet, the saturation magnetization in such a hybrid magnet can be significantly increased, as can be seen from a comparison of the heights and slopes bold dashed lines (1) and (2) with dashed lines (a) and (b) in Fig. 2.

So, for a magnet from magnetized ferrite, the tuning range H (x) when the magnetizing current in the winding 3 changes from zero to a maximum lies between the dashed lines (a) and (b), while the tuning range H (x) is in the same the case for the hybrid magnet lies between the thick dashed lines (1) and (2). Thus, the use of a hybrid magnet significantly expands the quality of stabilization of the frequency of generated oscillations in thermomagnetic electric generators, that is, it allows a much wider range of electrical loads on the generator at a given minimum spread in the frequency of generated oscillations.

The thinner the plates 1 and 2, the more uniformly the magnetic field increases in the working magnetic gap of variable length along the X axis. In the absence of a magnetizing current in the winding 3, the plates 2 of magnetically soft ferromaterial (iron) are magnetized by adjacent permanent magnets formed by thin plates 1 from magnetized ferrite, which reduces the average value of the increasing magnetic field along the X axis in the working magnetic gap, as shown in Fig. 2 by the thick dashed straight line (1).

The manufacturing technology of a hybrid magnet is reduced to sputtering (or gluing) onto a thin iron plate, for example, with a thickness of 0.1 ... 0.2 mm, with a profile corresponding to the shape of a magnet (horseshoe-shaped), ferromagnet-ferrite with a rectangular hysteresis loop. After bonding such pairs of deposited ferrite and iron plates, a hybrid magnet is formed. The thickness of the sprayed ferrite layer also varies between 0.1 ... 0.2 mm. Then, a direct current is passed through the winding 3, the value of which brings the ferromagnet-ferrite to deep saturation, and these ferrite plates become permanent magnets. When this current is removed from the winding, thin iron plates 2 are magnetized due to the magnetization of ferrite plates 1, reducing the magnetization of the hybrid magnet as a whole. Due to this partial demagnetization, the general range of tuning of H (x) is expanded when the magnetizing current acts in the winding 3, as indicated above, between the dashed dashed lines (1) and (2), instead of the range limited by the dashed lines (a) and (b) for a conventional ferrite magnet with a magnetizing winding.

The use of the claimed device in ferromagnetically viscous engines can significantly increase the prospects of using frequency-stabilized generators in the power supply system of industrial and domestic consumers.

Literature

1. Smaller O.F. Magnetoviscous pendulum, RF Patent No. 2291546, publ. in the bull. No. 01 dated January 10, 2007.

2. Smaller O.F. Ferromagnetically viscous rotator, RF Patent No. 2309527, publ. in the bull. No. 30 dated October 27, 2007.

3. Smaller O.F. Magnetic motor, RF Patent No. 2310265, publ. in the bull. No. 31 dated November 10, 2007.

4. Smaller O.F. Magnetoviscous rotator, RF Patent №2325754, publ. in the bull. No. 15 dated 05/27/2008.

5. Smaller O.F. A method of producing energy and a device for its implementation, RF Patent No. 2332778, publ. in the bull. No. 24 dated 08/17/2008.

6. Smaller O.F. Ferromagnetically viscous engine, RF Patent No. 2359398, publ. in the bull. No. 17 dated 06/20/2009.

7. Smaller O.F. Generator frequency stabilization device. RF patent No. 2368073, publ. in the bull. No. 26 dated 09/20/2009.

8. Smaller O.F. Device for automatic control of an electric generator, RF Patent No. 2444802, publ. in the bull. No. 7 dated 03/10/1012.

9. Smaller O.F. Dynamic Phenomagnetization of a Ferromagnet, Internet, Allbest Website, Physics and Energy, 00276844_0.html.

Claims (1)

A hybrid magnet containing a ferrite magnetized magnetic circuit with an additional magnetization winding, characterized in that the ferrite magnetized magnetic circuit is made in the form of a group of thin plates interspersed with a group of thin plates of their magnetically soft ferromaterial with a large amount of saturation induction, for example, iron, and these groups are alternated thin C-shaped plates with a linearly varying distance between their magnetic poles are glued together and an additional winding is wound on them odmagnichivaniya.

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