RU2553357C2 - Thermal engine and its operation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: method and device relate to thermal engine operation. This method proceeds from the device consisting of two vessels connected by the channel while said vessels accommodate the moving working body, field source to magnetize said working body. One vessel houses moving diaphragm to vary the vessel volume articulated to field source and diaphragm mobility regulator to set diaphragm operating conditions. Note here that said vessel represents a moving design. All components of the engine are arranged inside external container filled with external gas.

EFFECT: expanded range of thermal engines.

17 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy, the field of technology of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using magnetic as well as electric and inertial forces for use in heat engines.

Heat engines using magnetic as well as electrical phenomena, as well as methods using natural or artificial acceleration forces, gravity or centrifugal forces to change the density and / or volume of the working fluid are known in the art.

A known analogue (patent RU 2161738), related to the field of energy production, is a method of producing compressed gas under the action of acceleration of artificial gravity, containing an insulated container and a connecting pipe for compressed gas as a movable working fluid. However, in this analogue there are no magnetic or electrical sources and forces, which prevents their use together with inertia forces for a new method of heat conversion.

The invention is known, selected as a prototype (patent RU 2199025), the known device of which contains a gaseous mixture in hollow tanks with channels for its movement, a movable working fluid with paramagnetic properties, a magnetic field source. In the known method, the working paramagnetic / ferromagnetic element is moved as a movable working fluid between two extreme positions, the magnetic force of a field source, for example a permanent magnet, is used in a cyclic process in which the density of a vapor-gas mixture is changed due to compression in a closed volume. The disadvantages of the prototype include a working fluid with a magnetic phase transition at the Curie temperature, which narrows or limits the working temperature range and prevents the wider use of paramagnetic substances, and also does not allow the use of the properties of electric polarization, so that in the absence of a phase transition the prototype becomes completely inoperative.

The technical problem and the purpose of the invention is to eliminate the temperature limitation of the phase transition with the Curie temperature, with the aim of setting the task of using acceleration inertia forces together with the use of paramagnetic, as well as diamagnetic or polarized gas in an external magnetic or electric field by creating magnetic or electric forces for additional changes volume and density of the working fluid, as a result of which the task of inventing a new method for converting thermal energy, which It cannot be carried out in known heat engines.

The technical result of the invention, corresponding to the technical task, is expressed in expanding the arsenal of new heat engines, types, methods and means of converting thermal energy. And in particular, for the use of alternative low-potential (for example, geothermal, as well as heliothermal) sources of thermal energy, which makes it possible to work in hard-to-reach areas without fuel supply, as well as without harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

The method is implemented on the basis of a device (see drawing), which contains the following essential features: at least two reservoirs 1 and 2, of which at least one is movable, with the possibility of their relative movement along the guide 3, connected by a transition channel, hose or tube 4 with the possibility of moving the working fluid filled with a movable working fluid 5, for example a gas whose particles have a physical dipole moment, for example magnetization or polarization, under the action of a moving source 6, for example an electric or magnetic. At least in one tank there is a movable diaphragm 7, acting as a piston with a function of changing the volume of the tank, connected by a kinematic connection 8 to the source of the field 6, and a regulator 9 of mobility or change of the operating mode of the diaphragm 7. outside the reservoirs filled with an external practically neutral (with respect to the source of field 6) gas 11, particles of which, for example atoms or molecules, have a mass less than the mass of particles of a gaseous working fluid 5. the nteiner 10 is placed in the external environment of natural or artificial acceleration 12, for example, gravity or centrifugal inertia, which (acceleration) is the external environment that performs the function of the element. To obtain a more uniform and constant field, an additional (one or more) symmetrical field source 13 (in particular, a stationary one) can also be installed. In the particular case of implementation, the source of the field 6 can be placed in a separate compartment 14, isolating it from the external gas 11. The container 10 can also be sealed to prevent harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

Non-essential features of the device, but known means formally necessary for its operation, include an output lever or external drive 15 for connecting external consumers or converters of mechanical work, and two heat pipes 16 and 17 for supplying and removing heat, the specific design of which is not essential, is known from engineering prior art, therefore, does not require a description. Any known mechanical or electrical external means, such as a flywheel, a recuperator and / or an electric motor generator with a battery, can be connected to the output of the device 15 to drive the device and to obtain and store stored energy.

The method of creating acceleration 12 also does not apply to the invention, since it is used as an element of the medium at the level of functional generalization and can be implemented at the prior art using known means, for example, by spinning the entire device in a centrifuge or simply by the action of the acceleration of gravity of the Earth.

Various substances, for example gases, or saturated vapors of liquids, or gas-vapor mixtures, or vapors of alkali metals, or new gaseous synthesized substances in the future, that is, a particular substance of the working fluid may be different, can be used as a working fluid 5, since an essential feature on only the presence of a dipole moment of particles of the working fluid in the external field, for example, magnetization or polarization, irrespective of the name of a particular substance or material, has a functional generalization level. It should also be noted that external gas 11 is practically neutral from the point of view of a technical problem, the magnetization or polarization of which can be technically neglected along with other factors, for example, friction losses (whereas strictly theoretically, all atoms and molecules have non-zero magnetization or polarization, especially in strong fields), however, from a technical point of view, the only sign is the fact that the working fluid 5 has a significantly greater magnetization value or polarization than (nearly neutral) external gas 11 which is used only for creating an external pressure on the diaphragm and the magnetic or electric properties are not used and are not essential features. Thus, the magnetization or polarization of the working fluid 5 should be as high as possible, and the magnetization or polarization of the practically neutral external gas 11 as low as possible.

A distinctive feature of the working fluid 5 is the absence of a magnetic phase transition, which allows the use of paramagnetic or polarized gas, as well as diamagnetic gas. A distinctive feature of the source of field 6 is the ability to use an electric field source, such as a capacitor or battery, together with polarized gas for the working fluid instead of a magnet.

The kinematic connection 8, for example, in the form of a lever, or a spring, or a rigid attachment carries out a kinematic transmission of motion and mechanical force between the diaphragm 7 and the field source 6, which can be characterized by a finite lever coefficient, equivalent to the ratio of the length of the shoulders of a simple lever. This element 8 is used from known means in the prior art and performs only the function of transmitting force and movement between the diaphragm 7 and the source of field 6 similarly to the function of a mechanical lever or, in particular, a simple rigid connection or fastening.

A significant difference is the functional relationship of the totality of these features, including the use of two gases 5 and 11 of different masses to create a pressure difference across the diaphragm to change the volume of the working fluid with the additional action of the force of the field source 6 simultaneously in combination with the action of the acceleration force 12, which the result leads to a new method of operation of a heat engine, which cannot be implemented in known devices.

The diaphragm mobility regulator 9 restricts the movement of the diaphragm 7, thereby controlling the change in the volume of the tank 2, and is an automatic latch-lock from two positions mounted on the wall of the tank, for example, or there may be an electromagnetic shutter, or other simple known means, or such a mechanism that in one position the diaphragm 7 is limited, and in its other position it is free and mobile. The mobility of the diaphragm 7 is ensured by the implementation of a flexible material with a corrugated surface, such as rubber, plastic or flexible metal.

For a field source 6, for example a magnetic field, as a permanent magnet, or a solenoid (induction coil) with an electric current, or a solenoid with a ferromagnetic core, the working fluid 5 is chosen as a paramagnetic gas with the highest possible magnetization value, for example oxygen, or a pair of alkali metals , and as a gas 11 with the lowest possible magnetization, for example, neon, nitrogen, helium, provided that the particle mass of this gas is lower (compared to gas 5).

For a field source 6, for example, an electric field, an electric capacitor, or a battery, the working fluid 5 is chosen as a polarized gas with the highest possible polarization value, for example water vapor, air, and as a gas 11 with the lowest possible polarization, for example hydrogen, provided that low particle mass of this gas.

For the source of the field 6, for example a magnetic field, the working fluid 5 can also be a diamagnetic gas, for example carbon dioxide, argon, under the condition of a lower magnetization and particle mass of the external gas 11, for example helium or neon, in this case the cycle can be carried out by the method reverse direction.

In all these cases, the choice of the source of the field and the working fluid is achieved the same technical result.

The functioning of the device occurs by moving at least one reservoir 2 relative to the reservoir 1 along the guide 3 when changing the volume of the working fluid 5 due to the diaphragm 7 according to the claimed method.

The technical result of the device is also achieved in changing the volume and density of the working fluid due to the pressure difference of two different gases of different masses 5 and 11 under the action of the acceleration force 12 as a medium acting as an element, and in addition, in changing the magnetic or electric force between the working fluid 5 and the source of the field 6 due to changes in the density of the working fluid during the operation of the device.

The method of converting thermal energy includes the initial state of the device, in which both reservoirs 1 and 2 are located at the closest distance from each other, with the diaphragm 7 fixing regulator 9 being set to a fixed and / or minimum initial volume of the reservoir 2, and then at least at least one tank 2 is moved along the guide 3 and the device is moved to the second position, in which the tanks 1 and 2 are located at the farthest distance from each other, after which the regulator 9 is switched to a free polo the free movement of the diaphragm 7 and then move the tank 2 relative to the tank 1 back to its original position, while changing the volume of the tank 2 due to the free movement of the diaphragm 7, depending on the ratio of gas pressure 5 and 11, as well as magnetic or electric forces between the source field 6 and a magnetized or polarized working fluid 5 in the tank 2, and move the source of the field 6 through a kinematic connection 8 with the diaphragm 7, and upon reaching the initial position of the device repeat the cycle. This also confirms the implementation of the invention.

For diamagnetic gas in the form of a working fluid 5, the entire specified cycle is performed in the opposite direction, which gives the same positive result.

A distinctive feature of the method is the absence of a magnetic phase transition of the working fluid 5 at the Curie temperature, which also makes it possible to use not only magnetic, but also electrical interactions.

The method differs by creating a pressure difference of two gases 5 and 11 of different masses in the field of natural acceleration of gravity of the Earth or artificial acceleration of the centrifugal inertia 12 according to the Boltzmann barometric law, by which the volume and density of the working fluid 5 are changed.

In contrast to the known methods of operation, for example, a steam engine or a magnetic motor, a movable diaphragm 7 acting as a piston, as well as the magnetic or electric force of a field source 6 is used not to perform useful mechanical work, but to increase the mass of the movable working fluid 5 in the tank 2 by flowing from the tank 1 to the tank 2 due to the increase in the volume of the tank 2 due to the mobility of the diaphragm 7 and under the influence of the force of the field source 6.

A significant fundamental difference between the claimed method is a two-stage conversion of thermal energy, when at the first stage an increase in the volume of the working fluid is performed, as described above, and then due to an increase in the mass of the working fluid in this volume, at the second stage, more mechanical work is performed under the influence of a larger Newtonian acceleration force 12, proportional to mass.

A distinctive feature of this two-stage transformation is the fact that the final beneficial effect and result cannot be obtained at any of the separate stages, and are achieved only by a consistent interconnection of the totality of all essential features.

The technical result of the method as a result of solving the technical problem is also to expand the arsenal of new types of heat engines and means of converting heat energy, to use low-grade heat sources in the complete absence of harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

The implementation of the invention is obvious from the drawing and the above description. For example, using an external drive 15, at least one reservoir 2 is moved along the guide 3, first in one (forward) and then in the other opposite direction, and the movable diaphragm 7 is moved under the influence of gas pressure 11 and the field source 6 and changed the volume of the working fluid 5, while from the unity of the invention, the simultaneous implementation of the method and device for its implementation. However, the achievement of the technical result does not follow from the prior art or illustrative examples and is strictly scientifically proved only by theoretical justification based on elementary scientific knowledge from the school course of physics and the most general physical laws using their mathematical formulas and abstract physical quantities at the level of functional generalization (which are not require specific values and are valid for all parameters known in nature) and is given below.

Since any gas consists of separate (additive) particles, atoms or molecules, all physical quantities are most adequately calculated per one particle, for example, for the mass of a particle, multiplied by their total number [http://www.regular.ru/ encyclopedia / paramagnetic /]. The main initial design parameters specified are:

n ₁ is the initial density of the gaseous working fluid 5 in the tank 1;

n ₂ is the initial density of the gaseous working fluid 5 in the tank 2;

n ₁₁ is the initial density of the external gas 11;

V ₁ - the initial volume of the tank 1;

V ₂ - the initial volume of the tank 2;

S is the diaphragm area 7;

m ₅ - the mass of the particles of the gaseous working fluid 5;

m ₁₁ is the mass of the particle of the external gas 11;

j is the average magnetic moment of the particle of the gaseous working fluid 5;

p is the average polarization (dipole moment of polarization) of a particle of a gaseous working fluid 5;

h is the variable distance between the tanks 1 and 2 along the guide 3;

h ₀ - initial near distance between reservoirs 1 and 2;

h _m - the maximum long distance between tanks 1 and 2;

n ₁ (h) is the variable density of the gaseous working fluid 5 in the tank 1, depending on the variable h;

n ₂ (h) is the variable density of the gaseous working fluid 5 in the tank 2;

n ₁₁ (h) is the variable density of the external gas 11;

V ₂ (H) is the variable volume of the tank 2;

N is the total number (particles) of the working fluid 5 in tanks 1 and 2;

N = n ₁ V ₁ + n ₂ V ₂ = n ₁ (h) V ₁ + n ₂ (h) V ₂ (h).

The change in the density of the working fluid 5 and gas 11 in the external acceleration medium 12 is determined by the well-known [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_distribution] Boltzmann barometric formula

n = exp (-mah / kT),

where n is the density;

m is the mass of the particle;

a - (Newtonian) acceleration of inertia 12, for example, natural acceleration of gravity (then a is equal to g acceleration of gravity), or artificial acceleration of centrifugal inertia of rotation (which are also mathematically equivalent according to Einstein's theory of relativity);

h is the distance;

k is the Boltzmann constant;

T is the absolute Kelvin temperature.

From here it is clear n ₂ (h) = (n ₂ / n ₁ ) n ₁ (h) exp (-m ₅ a (hh ₀ ) / kT) and taking into account the sum N we write:

, n₁₁(h)=n₁₁exp(-m₁₁a(h-h₀)/kT. $$n_2\left(h\right)=\frac{N{n}_2}{n_2{V}_2\left(h\right)+n_{\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{one}}\exp \left(m_{5}a\left(h-h_0\right)/kT\right)}$$

, n ₁₁ (h) = n ₁₁ exp (-m ₁₁ a (hh ₀ ) / kT.

If the source of field 6 is a permanent magnet (and there can also be a solenoid with current) and the working fluid 5 is a paramagnetic gas, each particle of which has an average magnetic moment j along the field (source 6), then each particle is attracted to magnet 6 with magnetic force, directly proportional to this magnetic moment j (similar to gravity proportional to the particle mass), and according to Newton’s third law, the same attractive force acts on magnet 6 in proportion to the total number of all particles in tank 2, equal to n ₂ (h) V ₂ (h), which can t finally be written in the general form of force αjn ₂ (h) V ₂ (h), where α - constant proportionality factor determines the total synthesis contribution of specific engineering design dimensions of the tank shape, the strength of the magnet, the geometry and magnetic field gradient and other factors that cannot be indicated in advance, that is, it expresses a general functional relationship between the features of the invention, regardless of the particular cases of its implementation. In the physical sense, the coefficient α is numerically equal to the average magnetic force of attraction of one unit dipole magnetic moment j in a specific configuration of the device. Further, this force is transmitted to the diaphragm 7 via a kinematic connection 8 in the general case with a force transfer coefficient σ, which is ultimately equivalent to the ratio of the length of the arms of a simple lever (in the simplest particular case of rigid fastening, σ = 1), and as a result, the magnetic force from the outside of the tank to the diaphragm 7, is equal to F = σαjn ₂ (h) V ₂ (h). This force does not affect the kinetic energy of the particles of the working fluid inside the tank 2, for which a symmetrical field source 13 can be installed outside (and others can be added) so that the field inside the tank is almost constant and uniform, which does not change the speed and distribution of particles. We also note that the force F depends on the density of the working fluid in the tank, and therefore changes during the operation of the device in direct proportion to the density of the working fluid n ₂ (h).

In addition, the pressure of the working fluid 5 from the inside of the tank 2 and the pressure of the external gas 11 from the outside act on the diaphragm 7, and since the gas pressure (P = nkT) gives a force in proportion to the area S, then from the condition that all forces are equal inside the tank and outside the diaphragm An elementary linear basic equation of the balance of all forces for the equilibrium position of the diaphragm, the solution of which determines the entire useful effect obtained:

SP ₂ = SP ₁₁ + F,

where S is the diaphragm area;

P ₂ - pressure of the working fluid 5 inside the tank 2;

P ₁₁ is the pressure of the external gas 11 outside the diaphragm 7;

F is the magnetic force as described above.

Substituting P ₂ = n ₂ (h) kT and also P ₁₁ = n ₁₁ (h) kT, we write the equation:

; $$n_2\left(h\right)=\frac{N{n}_2}{n_2{V}_2\left(h\right)+n_{\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{one}}\exp \left(m_{5}a\left(h-h_0\right)/kT\right)}=n_{\mathrm{eleven}}\exp \left(-m_{\mathrm{eleven}}a\left(h-h_0\right)/kT\right)+\theta n_2\left(h\right)V_2\left(h\right)$$

;

введенное для краткости обозначение. Решая уравнение найдем:Where $$\theta =\frac{\sigma \alpha j}{SkT}$$

designation introduced for brevity. Solving the equation we find:

; $$V_2\left(h\right)=V_2\left(\frac{\left(\mathrm{one}+\xi \right)\exp \left(\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)-\xi \left(\mathrm{one}-\theta V_2\right)\exp \left(\gamma \left(h-h_0\right)\right)}{\mathrm{one}+\theta V_2\left(\left(\mathrm{one}+\xi \right)\exp \left(\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)-\mathrm{one}\right)}\right)$$

;

; $$n_2\left(h\right)=n_{\mathrm{eleven}}\exp \left(-\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)\left(\frac{\mathrm{one}+\theta V_2\left(\left(\mathrm{one}+\xi \right)\exp \left(\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)-\mathrm{one}\right)}{\left(\mathrm{one}-\theta V_2\right)\left(\mathrm{one}+\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="\theta \; \xi \; V"\; filenames="00000010.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\theta \; </figure-callout>}\xi V_{}{}_2\exp \left(\gamma \left(h-h_0\right)\right)\right)}\right)$$

;

; $$N=n_{\mathrm{eleven}}{V}_2\left(\frac{\mathrm{one}+\xi }{\mathrm{one}-\theta V_2}\right)$$

;

where, for brevity, the constant designations introduced also have the form:

ξ≡n ₁ / n ₂ ; β≡am ₁₁ / kT; γ≡am ₅ / kT.

Note that the obtained value of the volume V ₂ (h) is greater than its initial value V ₂ .

During the production process, the mechanical work A of the Newtonian force of acceleration of inertia is performed similarly to the force of gravity or centrifugal force of inertia of acceleration of rotation, taking into account the Archimedes force:

; $$\begin{array}{l}A={\displaystyle \int \left(m_{5}a{n}_2\left(h\right)-m_{\mathrm{eleven}}a{n}_{\mathrm{eleven}}\exp \left(-\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)\right)V_2\left(h\right)dh-}\\ -{\displaystyle \int \frac{m_{5}aN{n}_2{V}_{2}dh}{n_2{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000010.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2+n_{\mathrm{one}}{V}_{\mathrm{one}}\exp \left(\gamma \left(h-h_0\right)\right)}+{\displaystyle \int m_{\mathrm{eleven}}a{n}_{\mathrm{eleven}}{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="V"\; filenames="00000010.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">V</figure-callout>}}_2\exp \left(-\beta \left(h-h_0\right)\right)dh}}\end{array}$$

;

where integration is carried out in the range from h ₀ to h _m , and h _m is found from the condition V ₂ (h _m ) = V ₂ (h ₀ ) = V ₂ , whence:

. $$\left(h_m-h_0\right)\left(\gamma -\beta \right)=\mathrm{one}n(\mathrm{one}+\frac{n_2}{n_{\mathrm{one}}}(\mathrm{one}-\exp \left(-\beta \left(h_m-h_0\right)\right)))$$

.

This determines the maximum distance h _m over which the tank (s) should be moved. Since the magnetization of rarefied gas media is small, for such weak fields, we can take θ much less than unity. And as a result of integration, we finally get an approximate mathematical estimate:

$$A\approx \sigma \alpha j\left(n_{\mathrm{eleven}}{V}_2\right)\left(\frac{\exp \left(\beta \left(h_m-h_0\right)\right)-\mathrm{one}}{\left(2\gamma -\beta \right)\left(h_m-h_0\right)}\right)\left({(\mathrm{one}+\frac{n_{\mathrm{one}}}{n_2})}^2\frac{{\left(\gamma -\beta \right)}^2{\left(h_m-h_0\right)}^2}{\gamma }-\gamma \exp \left(-\beta \left(h_m-h_0\right)\right)\right)>0$$

This calculation formula is the scientific justification of the technical result. Other known estimates are not suitable here, for example, the coefficient of efficiency Karno, since a two-stage energy conversion is performed in the cycle, which has nothing to do with the classical Carnot cycle for a steam engine, which has neither magnetic forces nor acceleration inertia forces, which also does not contradict the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which prohibits only direct (but not a two-stage) conversion of heat into mechanical work, but such purely theoretical questions are beyond the scope of this description (and can be investigated later).

In the particular case, if the working fluid is a diamagnetic gas, the magnetic force F reverses direction, since, in contrast to the attraction of paramagnets, diamagnets, on the contrary, repel from the magnet, and the coefficient a becomes negative, and in this case, the working cycle is carried out in the opposite direction, which also changes the sign of the final expression, and as a result, minus to minus gives a plus, that is, the exact same positive result is obtained.

To carry out the working cycle in the opposite direction from the initial state of the device in which both tanks 1 and 2 are at the closest distance from each other, at least one tank 2 is moved along the guide 3 and the device is moved to the second position, in which the tanks 1 and 2 are located at the farthest distance from each other, and the regulator 9 of the mobility of the diaphragm 7 is set in a free position for the free movement of the diaphragm 7, while changing the volume of the tank 2 due to free movement I diaphragm 7 depending on the ratio of the pressure of gases 5 and 11, as well as magnetic or electric forces between the source of field 6 and the magnetized and / or polarized working fluid 5 in the tank 2, and move the source of the field 6 through a kinematic connection 8 with the diaphragm 7, after whereby the regulator 9 is switched to a position of a fixed and / or minimum initial volume of the tank 2, and then the tank 2 is moved relative to the tank 1 back to its original position, and when the device reaches its initial position, the cycle is repeated.

In the particular case, if the source of field 6 is a source of an electric field, for example, an electric capacitor or an accumulator, and the working fluid is a polarized gas whose particles have an average electric polarization p, only in the expression for the force F should j be replaced by p, since the mathematical description of electric and magnetic dipoles in exactly the same way, up to the replacement of the notation j and p, hence the final mathematical expression will have exactly the same form when replacing j with p, with the accuracy of the variable notation, which gives the same result [Feynman lectures on physics, vol. 5, electricity and magnetism, ch. 6, §2]. And according to Maxwell's equations, electric and / or magnetic phenomena are special cases of the realization of a general electromagnetic interaction.

The essence of the device according to the method is as follows: first move the movable tank 2 to the maximum possible distance with a smaller initial constant volume, and hence less mass of the working fluid 5 contained therein, and spend less mechanical work for its movement against gravity or centrifugal force inertia 12 due to its smaller mass, and then release the movable diaphragm 7 and move the movable tank 2 back to its original position with a larger volume due to the mobility of the diaphragm 7 and more the mass of the working fluid 5 in it due to the transition of the movable working fluid in the direction of increasing the volume from the tank 1 to the tank 2 through the transition channel 4, and get more mechanical work in proportion to its greater mass of the working fluid in the tank 2, while the working fluid according to the conservation law energy during its expansion with increasing volume of the tank absorbs the additional heat necessary to move the additional mass of individual particles of the working fluid from the tank 1 to the tank 2 against gravity or inertia ns, while the increase in the whole of this mass of an enlarged tank volume 2 provides a more useful mechanical work, equivalent to the amount of heat absorbed, according to the law of conservation of energy.

Since the working fluid is not consumed during the operation of the device, the entire device can be placed in a sealed container 10, eliminating harmful emissions into the atmosphere, and any even the smallest amount of heat supplied allows it to be used in the device according to the claimed method, since there are no temperature restrictions and phase transitions at Curie temperature, which allows the use of various low-potential natural sources of thermal energy, without requiring a fuel supply mi

Claims (17)

1. The method of operation of a heat engine containing a movable working fluid, which is moved in cavities or tanks of a closed volume with communicating channels, and using a source of the field by which the working fluid is magnetized and / or polarized, containing compressed gas in the external volume with the working body, characterized in that at least one tank set a movable diaphragm, and in the initial position of the diaphragm from the initial near position of the tanks with the working fluid move at least one moving the tank to a long or maximum distance with a smaller or minimum volume of the tank, after which the diaphragm is released and transferred to the movable mode, and then the movable tank is moved back to its original position, with its larger volume, and at the same time the movable diaphragm that performs the function of the piston is moved, with a change in the volume, quantity and mass of the working fluid in the tank by changing the pressure of the working fluid inside the tank and external gas outside the diaphragm, depending on the distance between the tanks, the acceleration zone of centrifugal inertia or gravity, under the influence of the interaction force of the field source and the working fluid, and move the field source through kinematic communication with a movable diaphragm with the function of transferring force and motion to the diaphragm, and when the initial position of the tanks is restored, the diaphragm is returned to the original position and repeat the cycle. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of the field is a permanent magnet and / or a solenoid with electric current, and the working fluid is a paramagnetic gas. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the source of the field is an electric capacitor, and the working fluid is polarized gas. 4. The method of operation of a heat engine containing a movable working fluid, which is moved in cavities or reservoirs of a closed volume with communicating channels, and using a source of the field by which the working fluid is magnetized and / or polarized, containing compressed gas in an external volume with a working fluid body, characterized in that in the initial position, the diaphragm is released and transferred to the mobile mode, and at least one movable tank is moved from the initial near position of the reservoirs with the working fluid e or the maximum distance with a larger volume, while moving a movable diaphragm that acts as a piston, with a change in the volume, quantity and mass of the working fluid in the tank by changing the pressure of the working fluid inside the tank and external gas outside the diaphragm, depending on the distance between the tanks, in the zone of action of the acceleration of centrifugal inertia or gravity, under the influence of the interaction force of the field source and the working fluid, and move the field source through kinematic communication with a movable aperture with the function of transferring force and motion to the diaphragm, after which the diaphragm is returned to its original position, and then the movable tank is moved back to its original position with a smaller or minimum volume of the tank and the cycle is repeated when the tanks reach the initial position. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the source of the field is a permanent magnet and / or a solenoid with electric current, and a diamagnetic gas as a working fluid. 6. A heat engine device containing at least two cavities or reservoirs connected to each other by a transition channel, a movable working fluid is placed inside the reservoirs, particles of which have a physical dipole moment, for example magnetization or polarization, containing a field source that is capable of magnetizing and / or polarization of the working fluid, characterized in that at least one of the tanks is movable, with the possibility of movement relative to the other along the guide, and At least one tank has a movable diaphragm acting as a piston with a function of changing the volume of the tank, connected kinematically to a movable field source, with the function of transferring force and motion to the diaphragm, in the space outside of the movable diaphragm filled with external gas, the particles of which have a mass of less masses of particles of the working fluid, and placed in the zone of action of external acceleration of gravity or centrifugal inertia, as well as a diaphragm mobility regulator, made with the possibility of Nost to set the aperture mode. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the source of the field is a permanent magnet, and the working fluid is paramagnetic gas. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the working fluid is diamagnetic gas. 9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the source of the magnetic field is a solenoid with an electric current and a ferromagnetic core. 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the source of the field is an electric capacitor, and the working fluid is polarized gas. 11. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the source of the field is placed in a closed compartment or container for isolation from external gas. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that an additional diaphragm is installed in the compartment or container. 13. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains an additional source of magnetic or electric field. 14. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it contains a mixture of two or more gases or a vapor-gas mixture. 15. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the entire device or part thereof is placed in a closed container. 16. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the source of the magnetic or electric field is connected to the diaphragm by a rigid mount. 17. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the entire device or part thereof is placed in a rotating rotor or centrifuge.

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