RU2552375C1 - Controlled truck of ground transportation system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: proposed controlled truck with fully articulated suspension of front wheels including two wheels per a spring fitted on beam axle and with central axle transmission. Transmission drive shaft in the first central reduction gearbox supports first drive taper gear with cattier with pinions of asymmetric interaxle differential while sun gear tubular shaft engages with second drive taper gear. Differential epicyclic gear engages via interaxle transmission shaft with the housing with symmetric interaxle differential arranged in the second central reduction gearbox. First gear of the latter engages by its solid shaft with the fourth drive taper gear while differential second gear is engaged by its tubular shaft with the third drive taper gear. Every drive taper gear engages with driven taper gear engaged by its shaft fitted inside one of angular lever sided with the drive taper gear. Besides, it engages with driven taper gear of angular lever reduction gear and, by its shaft, with drive taper gear engaged with driven taper gear of the wheel reduction gearbox fitted on controlled drive wheel thrust disc. Wheel reduction gearbox housing slides relative to the shaft and reduction gear of angular lever. Rolling bearings of angular levers are fitted at tubular adapters locked at structural case taper lower part. Springs are arranged in diagonal at angular levers.

EFFECT: smooth running.

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Description

The invention relates to ground transportation systems, armored vehicles.

Known trolleys NTS (ground transportation systems), containing the balancer suspension of the driving wheels of cars, as well as transmission elements that provide drive wheels. [1) Design and calculation of wheeled vehicles cross-country: Textbook for technical colleges / N.F. Bocharov, I.S. Tsitovich, A.A. Polungyan and others; Under the total. ed. N.F. Bocharova, I.S. Tsitovich. - M .: Engineering, 1983. - 299 p .; 2) Osepchugov V.V., Frumkin A.K. Car: Structural analysis, calculation elements. - M .: Engineering, 1989. - 304 p .; 3). F. Lapshin. The armored car. Autoreview, No. 24 (532). 2013. S. 57-63].

The central bridge (1. P.36, 37; Fig. 14-17) or the onboard transmission scheme are used on the NTS. Find the application of the NTS with a wheel formula of 8 × 8 (1. P.37, Fig. 16), having two bogies bridges: the rear with two driving axles and the front steered (combined bridges - driving and steered).

For modern armored vehicles with a conical lower part of the supporting body (3. P. 57-63), which reduces the effects of the shock wave of a mine explosion, the elements of the onboard transmission located outside the armored corps reduce the survivability of the armored car.

The central axle transmission scheme limits the layout and operational characteristics of an armored car created on the basis of a cross-country vehicle, since the central gearbox of the bridge forces the lifting body (body) or frame to be lifted, which reduces the stability of the car due to the high center of gravity. Transmission elements located outside armor protection are also susceptible to shock.

Compact placement of the central part of the transmission inside the protected lower part of the cone of the armored car body can be ensured by taking the lead trolley as the basis for copyright certificate No. 1641661 Α1; BKK 17/34; Bull. No 14 on 04/15/91. Authors V.I. Nekrasov, G.A. Chueva. Protection of the transmission elements can be ensured by their placement inside the suspension guides.

For suspension of two closely spaced bridges, a balancing suspension is used, in which, as a rule, the balancer is a spring mounted on the axis of the balancer (1. P.211, Fig. 99). Such a suspension when hitting one of the wheels on an obstacle significantly reduces the vertical movement of the carrier system (frame) of the car. If in a traditional suspension, the spring performs the functions of an elastic and a guiding device, then the balancing suspension requires the installation of independent guiding devices, for example, reaction rods. The drawbacks of the balancing suspension are the large metal consumption of the balancer, the high load on the frame in the area of attachment of the axis of the balancer, as well as a significant lateral roll of the car when one of the axle wheels hits an obstacle.

Improving the smoothness of the car is ensured by replacing the dependent suspension with an independent one, since unsprung masses are reduced. Sometimes a single-link independent suspension is used with the wheel swinging in the transverse plane (1. P.213, Fig. 101, b; 2. P.253, Fig. 216, b). In the Tatra car, the semiaxis is located in the casing of the split drive axle, the geometric axis of which intersects the geometric axis of the bevel gear (2. S. 269, Fig. 237).

Closest to the proposed design is the rear bogie of a Ural-4320 all-terrain vehicle with a 6 × 6 wheel arrangement with a balanced axle suspension of bridges (1. С.211, Fig. 99, b) and a central axle transmission (1. С.36, Fig. fifteen). In this device, a spring is located on each side of the car, the bracket of which is fixed to the middle part of the spring with a swing support mounted on the axis of the balancer fixed to the frame of the car. The ends of the springs are located in the brackets of the bridge beams with the possibility of longitudinal movement. The guiding device of each axle is three jet rods: two are located in the lower part closer to the wheels, one in the center at the top. The central transmission of this car consists of a clutch, gearbox (gearbox), RC (transfer case) with an asymmetric differential between the axles, three gearboxes (main gears) with symmetrical cross-axle differentials and drive shafts (axles) of the drive wheels. KP, RK and GP are connected by cardan gears with shafts, hinges and compensating (slotted) devices.

The disadvantages of the described design are that it does not protect the transmission elements from the impact of a mine explosion, it does not reduce the center of gravity of the armored car, when one of the axle wheels collides, a side roll occurs, which significantly worsens the working conditions of the heavily loaded spring bracket on the balancer axis. These shortcomings worsen the operational and layout characteristics of the armored car.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the operational and layout characteristics of the armored car while increasing its survivability and improving smoothness.

The problem is solved due to the independent diagonal balancing installation of the wheels and the location of the transmission elements inside the lower part of the cone of the bearing housing and in the guide elements of the suspension.

The essence of the proposed device lies in the fact that in a controlled trolley of the ground transportation system with a balancing suspension of the driving wheels, containing for each two wheels along a spring mounted on the axis of the balancer and a central axle transmission, the first fixed on the drive shaft of the transmission in the first central gearbox drive bevel gear and carrier with satellites of an asymmetric differential between bridges, its sun gear is connected by a tubular shaft to the second drive bevel gear, epic the front wheel of this differential is connected by an axle transmission shaft to the symmetrical cross-axle differential housing housed in the second central gear, its first gear is connected by a solid shaft to the fourth drive bevel gear, and the second differential gear is connected by a tubular shaft to the third drive bevel gear, each drive bevel gear with a driven conical wheel, which is connected to the drive conical by a shaft located inside one of the sides of the angular lever the second gear engaged with the driven bevel gear of the angular lever gearbox, then connected to the drive bevel gear engaged with the driven bevel of the gear wheel mounted on the supporting disk of the steered steering wheel, the gear housing is mounted movably relative to the shaft and gear housing of the angular arm, bearings swing angular levers mounted on tubular lugs fixed in the lower part of the cone of the bearing body, springs are located diagonally in the angular levers .

In FIG. 1 shows a top view of the wheels and the transmission with an independent diagonal balancing suspension of the wheels of the steered trolley. Steering gear and steering gear (levers, traction) are not shown.

In FIG. 2 shows a cross section: on the left - along a wheel with a wheel gearbox, in which the bevel gear is located at the top; on the right - along a wheel with a wheel gear, in which the drive bevel gear is located below, an additional elastic element - a spring and a telescopic hydraulic shock absorber are installed between the side of the bearing housing and the wheel gear housing; the sides of the angular lever are connected to the wheel gear housing in a vertical plane.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows two types of diagonal spring independent suspension of steered drive wheels (wheels not shown): a - top view; b - cross section when hitting an obstacle with the wheels of one bridge.

In the lower conical part of the bearing housing 1 (Fig. 2 - the upper part of the housing is not shown) are fixed tubular lugs 2 and 3 (Fig. 1 - the sides of the housing 1 are not shown) and the axis 4 of the arm 5 of the balancer (in Fig. 3 is indicated by dashed lines) . The tubular lugs 2 are fixed relative to the bearing housing 1, and the tubular lugs 3 are fixed relative to the housings of the first gearbox 6 and the second gearbox 7. The angular levers 8 with external swing bearings 9 are movably mounted on the tubular lugs 2 and 3, and with the inner supports 10 - on the axis 4 of the balancer arm (Fig. 1). The supporting disks 11 of the driving wheels 12 are mounted on the angular levers 8 (Fig. 2). On the connection of the sides of the angular levers 8 are mounted wheel gears 13 and gears 14 of the lever, and near the supports 9 - the housing 15-18 of the Central gears (Fig. 1). Small-leaf springs 19 with the middle part are fixed to the bracket 5 (Fig. 3) of the balancer, the ends of the springs are located on the inner sides of the angular levers 8 and rely on additional elastic elements 20, for example rubber. Similar elastic elements 21 can be installed in the middle part of the springs 19. On the drive shaft 22 of the transmission in the first central gearbox 15 (Fig. 1), the first drive bevel gear 23 is fixed and carrier 24 with satellites of an asymmetric differential between the axles. Its sun gear 25 is connected by a tubular shaft 26 to the second driving bevel gear 27. The epicyclic wheel 28 of this differential is connected by an axle transmission shaft 29 to the housing of the symmetrical cross-axle differential 30 located in the second central gear 7. Its first gear 31 is connected by a solid shaft 32 to the fourth drive a bevel gear 33, and a second differential gear 34 a tubular shaft 35 is connected to a third drive bevel gear 36. Each drive bevel gear is engaged with the followers bevel gear 37, which shaft 38, housed inside the inner sides of the angular lever 8 is connected with the driving bevel gear 39 meshes with the driven bevel gear 40 the gear 14 of the angular lever 8 (FIG. 2). Shaft 41 of the driven bevel wheel 40 is connected to the bevel gear 42 engaged with the driven bevel wheel 43 of the wheel gear 13 mounted on the support disk 11 of the drive wheel 12. The shaft 44 of the wheel 12 connects the driven bevel wheel 43 to the hub 45. The hub 45 on the rolling bearings 46 is mounted on a tubular tip 47 mounted on a support disk 11 of the drive wheel 12. Differentials 28 and 30 can be equipped with lock couplings 48. The drive wheels 12 have brake drums 49. It is possible to install additional elastic elements ENTOV - the spring and damping elements 50 - telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers 51 (figure 2.).

The device operates as follows. Tubular tips 2 are fixed relative to the lower conical part of the bearing housing 1 from vertical, longitudinal and transverse movements (Fig. 1). Tubular tips 3 are mounted on the gearboxes 6 and 7, and the axis 4 of the balancer bracket 5 is between the gearboxes 6 and 7. The angle arms 8, with the gearboxes 14 mounted on them, the wheel gearboxes 13 and the support discs 11 of the drive wheels 12, are guide suspension element (Fig. 2). The levers 8 supports 9 and 10 are movably mounted on the tubular tips 2 and 3, axis 4 and provide the ability to move the drive wheels 12 in the transverse plane. When hitting, for example, the left front driving steered wheel 12 on an obstacle (Fig. 3), this wheel rises, for example, by 20 cm. This is a vertical movement of the support disk 11, the gear cases 13 and 14, the angular lever 8 is perceived by the end of the leaf spring 19 through additional elastic elements 20. The other end of the spring 19 through the additional elastic elements 20 is diagonally supported by an angular lever 8 and a support disk 11 of the right rear driving wheel 12. The balancing suspension of the wheels 12, due to the spring 19, mounted on the bracket 5 and additional elastic elements 21, which rotates on the axis 4 of the balancer, approximately halves the vertical movement of the axis 4 and the bearing body 1, i.e. without taking into account the elastic deformation of the spring, the body rises only by 10 cm. Through the bracket 5, this movement is also perceived by two other drive wheels located on a different diagonal. Additional elastic elements 21 due to the hysteresis of the rubber partially dampen the elastic vibrations of the springs 19. The torque from the drive shaft 22 (Fig. 1) is supplied to the first central gearbox 15, where it is distributed to the first drive bevel gear 23 and carrier 24 with satellites of an unbalanced differential. Provides a permanent locked drive of one wheel, which increases the patency of the NTS, and differential drive of three wheels. From the driving bevel gear 23, the torque is supplied to the driven bevel gear 37, then by the shaft 38 (Fig. 2) to the driving bevel gear 39 of the gearbox 14 of the angular lever 8, then to the driven bevel gear 40. The bevel gears 23-37 and 39-40 the function of the universal joint constant velocity joint (hinge of equal angular velocities) and evenly transmit torque to the shaft 41, which is a kingpin. When the steered drive wheel 12 is rotated, the wheel gear housing 13 is rotated relative to the pin 41, which is movably mounted in the bearings of the gear housing 14 of the lever 8. From the shaft 41, torque is supplied to the bevel gear 42 and the driven bevel gear 43 of the gear wheel 13. Enlarged by gears 23- 37, 39-40 and 42-43 torque at a reduced speed is supplied to the shaft 44 and the hub 45 of the left rear steered drive wheel 12. The drive wheel 12 rotates on rolling bearings 46 relatively tubular th tip 47 of the support disk 11 and creates a traction force of the drive wheel 12 relative to the road surface. From carrier 24 (Fig. 1), the satellites distribute the torque to the sun gear 25 and the epicyclic wheel 28 in proportion to their radii (number of teeth). If the internal parameter of the differential is equal to two, then 1/3 will go to the sun gear 25, and 2/3 of the torque received to the cross-axle differential to the epicyclic wheel 28 and shaft 29. From the symmetrical cross-axle differential 30, half of the torque of the shaft 29, i.e. on each drive wheel 12 is distributed 1/4 of the torque from the drive shaft 22. From the sun gear 25 by the tubular shaft 26, the torque is supplied to the second drive bevel gear 27 and then through the elements 37-38-39-40-41-42-43 -44-45 to the right rear drive wheel 12. From the first gear 31 of the cross-axle differential 30 with a solid shaft 32, the torque is supplied to the fourth driving bevel gear 33 and further, similar to the previous version: 37-38-39-40-41-42-43 -44-45 to the left front drive wheel 12. From the second gear 34 cross-axle differential 30 t ubchatym shaft 35 torque is supplied to the third bevel gear 36, and further, similarly to the previous embodiment: 37-38-39-40-41-42 on the front right driving wheel 11 (Figures 1 and 2.). To increase the patency of the NTS, the clutch lock 48 connect the housing (carrier) differentials 24 and 30 with tubular shafts 26 and 35.

Brake drums 46 of the driving wheels 49 can be used for working, spare and parking brake systems with pneumatic or combined brake drive.

Designations:

1 - bearing body of an armored car;

2 - tubular tip of the bearing housing 1;

3 - tubular tip of the gearboxes 6 and 7;

4 - the axis of the arm of the balancer - a pipe between the gearboxes 6 and 7;

5 - the arm of the balancer;

6 - the housing of the first gearbox;

7 - the housing of the second gear;

8 - angular levers - guiding elements of the suspension;

9 - external swing support of the angular lever;

10 - internal swing support of the angular lever;

11 - supporting disks of driving wheels 12;

12 - driving steered wheels;

13 - wheel gear;

14 - gear lever angle;

15 - the first Central gear;

16 - the second Central gear;

17 - the third Central gear;

18 - the fourth Central gear;

19 - leaf spring - an elastic element of the suspension;

20 - additional elastic elements, for example rubber, at the ends of the springs 19;

21 - additional elastic elements, for example rubber, in the middle part of the springs 19;

22 - transmission drive shaft;

23 - the first leading bevel gear;

24 - drove with satellites of the asymmetric differential bridge;

25 - a sun gear;

26 - a tubular shaft of the sun gear 25;

27 - the second leading bevel gear;

28 - epicyclic wheel differential bridge;

29 - inter-axle transmission shaft;

30 - a case of a symmetrical cross-wheel differential (carrier with satellites);

31 - the first gear wheel differential 30;

32 - a solid shaft;

33 - the fourth leading bevel gear;

34 - the second gear wheel differential 30;

35 - tubular shaft of the second Central gear 7;

36 - the third leading bevel gear;

37 - driven conical wheel of the central gearboxes 15-18;

38 - the shaft of the outer side of the angular lever 8;

39 - leading bevel gear of the gearbox 14 of the lever 8;

40 - driven conical gear wheel 14 of the lever 8;

41 - a shaft connecting the driven bevel gear 40 and the driving bevel gear 42 of the wheel gear 13;

42 - a leading bevel gear of a wheel gearbox 13;

43 - driven conical wheel of the gear wheel 13;

44 - shaft drive hub 45;

45 - the hub of the driven steered wheel 12;

46 - rolling bearings of the hub 45 of the wheel 12;

47 - tubular tip of the support disk 11;

48 - differential lock couplings;

49 - brake drums of the leading steered wheels 12;

50 - spring - an additional metal elastic element;

51 - telescopic hydraulic shock absorber - damping element.

Claims (1)

A controllable bogie of a ground transportation system with a balancing suspension of the driving wheels, containing for each two wheels along a spring mounted on the axis of the balancer, and a central axle transmission, characterized in that the first bevel gear and carrier with satellites are fixed on the drive shaft of the transmission in the first central gearbox asymmetric interbridge differential, its sun gear with a tubular shaft connected to the second leading bevel gear, the epicyclic wheel of this differential is between the transmission shaft is connected to a symmetrical cross-axle differential housing housed in the second central gear, its first gear is connected to the fourth drive bevel gear by a solid shaft, and the second differential gear is connected by a tubular shaft to the third drive bevel gear, each drive bevel gear is engaged with the driven bevel gear which is connected by a shaft located inside one of the sides of the angular lever to the drive bevel gear engaged with the driven bevel the gear wheel of the angular lever, then the shaft is connected to the bevel gear gear engaged with the driven bevel of the wheel gear mounted on the support disk of the driven steered wheel, the gear housing is mounted movably relative to the shaft and gear housing of the angle arm, the swing bearings of the angle arms are mounted on the tubular tips fixed in the lower part of the cone of the bearing housing, the springs are located diagonally in the angular levers.

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