RU2551884C1 - Artificial pulmonary ventilation device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: artificial ventilation device contains an inhalation gas generator connected to the flow rate regulator with means for communication with the patient via the rotameter by a low pressure line and an electromagnet valve controlling gas mixture flow direction into the atmosphere or into the patient's lungs. The valve is installed on the exhalation hose and connected to the square-pulse generator and to the computer with the help of corresponding cables. The electronic regulator is represented by a square-pulse generator. The pulses frequency corresponds to that of breathing cycles; pulse relative duration corresponds to that of inhalation and exhalation. The device is equipped with software with a data base and a controller blocking the valve actuating.

EFFECT: design improvement.

Description

A device for artificial ventilation of the lungs, which contains a gas generator of inspiration, connected to the rectangular pulse generator by a low pressure line through a rotameter with a gas flow rate regulator and with a means of communication with the patient, an electromagnetic valve as a regulator of directivity of the flow of respiratory gas into the atmosphere or into the patient’s lungs, mounted on the exhalation hose and means of communication with the patient through a rotameter with a flow rate regulator, and an inhalation hose, which differs in that it is equipped with software cheniem the database, and a controller that disables switching valve, and an electronic controller for the rectangular pulse generator is taken in which the frequency of the pulses per minute corresponds to a frequency of the respiratory cycles per minute and the duty cycle corresponds to the duration of inhalation and exhalation.

The invention relates to medical equipment, namely to mechanical ventilation apparatus in a hospital or out-of-hospital environment.

The closest analogue of the proposed invention is a device for artificial ventilation of the lungs (Ukrainian patent No. 1362 Cl, A61H 31/02, 1994) which has a gas inspiratory generator connected by a low pressure line to a patient communication device, which in turn is connected through an electromagnetic exhalation valve to the atmosphere , electronic regulator, additional means of communication with the patient, installed in the corresponding low pressure lines, a flowmeter unit with flow regulators, installed in the high pressure lines with replaceable cells apans for artificial standard-frequency ventilation and flow regulators installed on the exhalation hoses according to the number of means of communication with patients, and the inputs of the exhalation electromagnetic valves and replaceable valves, which are control, equipped with cannulas for high-frequency ventilation, are connected to the outputs of the electronic controller.

Signs of the closest analogue, which coincide with the essential features of the invention, is the presence in the device for artificial ventilation of the lungs of a gas inspiration generator connected by a low pressure line through a rotameter with a flow rate regulator and to a patient communication means, a directional flow regulator mounted on the exhalation hose of the electromagnetic valve exhalation (solenoidal type) connected to the output of an electronic controller (rectangular pulse generator).

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the level of monitoring the effectiveness of artificial lung ventilation, reduce labor costs for installation and operation, simplify the operation of devices when changing not just the ventilation parameter, but the whole program, taking into account the dynamics of the process. As the condition improves, the program number increases (the frequency of hardware ventilation decreases and the inspiratory-expiratory ratio increases, increasing pauses for independent breathing.

The reasons that impede the achievement of technical results when using the closest analogue are:

- the need for double provision with valves (for standard-frequency and high-frequency ventilation with two low and high pressure lines);

- the need to change lines of different pressures (high and low);

- the need for a large number of specialized medical staff of high qualification for monitoring both the equipment and the patients themselves at high risk of lung barotrauma during ventilation.

The basis of the claimed invention posed tasks.

1. Improvement of the device for artificial lung ventilation by simplifying the ventilation system, the programmed control system.

2. Ensure the implementation of respiratory hardware support in accordance with the dynamics of the process of restoring the function of independent breathing.

The tasks are solved in such a way that a microcircuit is added to the device, connected by both a pulse generator and an inspiratory-expiration valve and equipped with a program for performing ventilation and monitoring the safety of ventilation.

Between the totality of the essential features of the invention and the technical result, there is a causal relationship:

Since a rectangular pulse generator is used to select the ventilation parameters (closing the valve is inhalation and opening the valve is exhalation), the ventilation frequency and the temporal ratio of inhalation-exhalation (by pulse duty cycle) are easily calculated. Minute ventilation of the lungs is equal to the flow passing through the valve into the lungs when it is closed. The inspiratory and expiratory time (one breathing cycle) is 1 minute / ventilation frequency per minute. Inspiration time is equal to the cycle time multiplied by the ratio of inspiration to expiration.

Minute ventilation = gas flow rate × inspiration time. This principle is widely known from specialized literature.

One-time inspiratory volume = minute volume / ventilation frequency per minute.

Lung tissue extensibility = single inspiratory volume / inspiratory pressure.

Pressure is constantly monitored by a manometer of the respiratory circuit.

High hardware elongation of the lungs during ventilation is a dangerous factor and requires monitoring.

Pulmonary resistance = gas flow rate / lung extensibility. Time constant = lung extensibility × pulmonary resistance. The computer instantly calculates these parameters and, with dangerous parameters, the valve does not turn on (a window with dangerous parameters pops up). Only with safe parameters does the ventilation system turn on. In the known devices of artificial ventilation there are no such specified options, which increases the risk of their use.

Thus, with the introduction of a computer with a ventilation monitoring program, it becomes possible to safely conduct lung ventilation in one or several newborns at the same time, by one lifesaver, of the flow rate, which is unknown from the literature on this issue.

The invention is illustrated in graphic material, which shows a diagram of a device for one patient:

1. Gas inspiratory generator.

2. Rotameter (with gas flow regulator into the lungs).

3. Inhalation hose.

4. The adapter-tee (the connection between the patient and the inhalation and exhalation hoses).

5. The exhalation hose.

6. Valve at the end of the exhalation hose.

7. A generator giving pulses (whose frequency is the ventilation frequency and duty cycle is the ratio of inspiration to expiration).

8. Electrical cable supplying the generator.

The device works like this:

- start of the inspiratory generator (opening the valve of the cylinder or gas distribution system);

- opening the rotameter and setting the gas flow rate into the lungs (according to clinical recommendations);

- the patient’s lung simulator will connect to the adapter and the inhalation and exhalation hoses (to the distal end of which the valve is attached), the gas flow is determined by the frequency and ratio;

- start the ventilation program and the pulse generator and the pressure in the breathing circuit is noted (15 programs are encoded in the generator chip under numbers from 1 to 15 and each program displays the ventilation stage from fully controlled in the complete absence of spontaneous breathing to auxiliary modes with a decrease in the hardware ventilation frequency and increase pauses for an increase in independent breaths).

On the digital scale of the generator displays the parameters of the current program and its number.

Claims (1)

Device for artificial ventilation of the lungs, which contains a gas inspiratory generator connected to a rectangular pulse generator by a low pressure line through a rotameter with a gas flow rate regulator and a means of communication with a patient, an electromagnetic valve as a regulator of directivity of the respiratory gas flow into the atmosphere or into the patient’s lungs in the exhalation hose, and means of communication with the patient through a rotameter with a flow rate regulator and an inhalation hose, characterized in that it is equipped with software communication with the database and the controller, which blocks the valve being turned on, and the rectangular pulse generator is taken as the electronic controller, in which the pulse frequency per minute corresponds to the respiratory cycle frequency per minute, and the pulse duty cycle corresponds to the duration of inspiration and expiration.

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