RU2548299C2 - System to measure parameters of atmosphere dynamics in surface layer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of aviation instrument making and may be used in aviation meteorology in measurement of parameters of aviation dynamics in surface layer for assessment of conditions of aircraft take-off and landing, in forecasting of environmental situation in areas of anthropogenic catastrophes, and also on aircrafts and vessels in measurement of parameters of a wind speed vector. Substance: a system comprises a wind-receiving device (1), flow-through pressure difference sensors (2), electric measurement circuits (3) for generation of primary informative signals, an analogue-digital converter (4), an information processing device (5), an information display device (6). At the same time pressure difference sensors (2) with their electric measurement circuits (3) create a unit (7) of generation of primary informative signals by signals of pressure difference. Besides, the system comprises a unit (8) of primary signals generation by climatic parameters of atmosphere, comprising an averaging cavity (12) of signal generation by atmospheric pressure, communicated with a sensor (13) of atmospheric pressure, an averaging cavity (14) of temperature perception, communication with a sensor (15) of atmospheric temperature, and a compensation sensor (16) of temperature connected with its electric measurement circuit (17) of signal generation by temperature compensation. Besides, the system comprises a unit (9) of preliminary processing of signals, comprising serially connected circuits (18) of temperature correction and low pass filters (19). Inputs of the unit (9) of preliminary signals processing are connected to electric outputs of the unit (7) of primary signals generation by pressure difference and to the output of the unit (8) of primary signals generation by a signal of temperature compensation. Outputs of the unit (9) of preliminary processing of signals by signals of speed are connected to inputs of the analogue-digital converter (4). The digital output of the analogue-digital converter (4) is connected to the unit (5) of functional processing. Outputs of the unit (5) of functional processing are outputs of the system of measurement of parameters of atmosphere dynamics in surface layer by signals of speed and direction of the wind, atmospheric pressure, speed of its change, temperature of atmospheric air and speed of its change.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of a system due to expansion of functional capabilities, increased noise immunity of system functioning to disturbances of surface layer of atmosphere.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aeronautical instrumentation and can be used in aeronautical meteorology when measuring atmospheric dynamics in the surface layer to assess the take-off and landing conditions of aircraft, when predicting the environmental situation in areas of technological disasters, as well as in aircraft and ships when measuring vector parameters wind speed.

A device for measuring the average wind direction according to AC No. 363923, IPC G01P 13/00, published in bull. No. 4 12/25/72 - [1], having the following set of essential features: a wind speed and direction sensor, a key for entering corrections with a matching circuit, a control trigger, a pulse counter, a modulating pulse generator, indicators of the initial position of the direction of rotation and the position of the sensor by sectors.

Under the influence of air flow, the sensor is installed in the position corresponding to the current value of the wind direction. At the output of the sensor, two reference series of pulses are obtained, phase shifted relative to each other by 90 °, as well as a series of short reference pulses, the time shift of which t ₁ relative to the reference pulses is directly proportional to the direction and inversely proportional to the speed. The time shift t _{1 is} converted by a trigger into a pulse of variable duration, which is filled in the coincidence circuit with pulses from the generator. The measurement time T is determined by the master. In this case, such relations are satisfied that the total number of pulses at the output of the generator during time T corresponds to a counter reading of 360 °. The number of pulses transmitted through the circuit to the counter input is proportional to the sum of the durations of unit time intervals allocated by the trigger during time T, i.e. corresponds to the average direction and does not depend on speed.

Known measuring transducer of wind parameters according to AS No. 1296946, IPC G01P 5/02, published in bull. No. 10 03/15/87 - [2] containing a wind receiver, consisting of a horn, on the bottom of which a heat-sensitive element is fixed, and a horizontal platform, a position sensor, an electric motor, a current collector, a conversion unit, consisting of an amplifier, a differentiating device, a shaper, two storage devices and differential amplifier.

At each revolution of the wind receiver platform under the forced action of an electric motor, the position sensor generates a voltage proportional to the angle of rotation. When the horn is directed parallel to the direction of the wind, the voltage of the thermosensitive element takes a minimum value, which is fixed by a differentiating device and a driver that provide a control signal for the device to memorize the corresponding value of the voltage of the position sensor, as a result, the voltage at the output of the conversion unit taken from the output of the storage device will be proportional wind direction. The voltage of the conversion unit, taken from the output of the differential amplifier, will be proportional to the wind speed and does not depend on the ambient temperature.

The disadvantage of these device options is the presence of moving elements in the measuring transducer, which reduces the reliability of measuring wind parameters, low dynamic characteristics due to indirect measurement of the direction of the wind speed vector, a large error in the measurement of the velocity vector value, associated with the complexity of the processing algorithm and the formation of the measurement results of the velocity vector parameters the wind.

A device for measuring wind speed according to AS No. 1012174, IPC G01W 1/02, published in bull. No. 14 of 04.15.83 - [3], containing a static pressure receiver formed by two coaxially mounted and rigidly connected hemispheres of the same radius, convex to each other, one of the hemispheres having an outlet for static pressure selection located in the gap between the hemispheres and connected by a tube to a device by which the wind speed is uniquely determined.

The narrowing air flow passing between the hemispheres is accelerated, and the pressure in it drops, pressure changes through the outlet for the selection of static pressure and the tube are recorded by an instrument such as an aviation variometer calibrated in the relative values of the measured parameter.

A device for measuring wind speed according to AS No. 1200221, IPC G01W 1/02, published in bull. No. 47 12/23/85 - [4], containing a series-connected gauge type sensor, a converter and a recorder. The sensor is made in the form of hemispheres, symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis of the surfaces of streamlined shape, rigidly connected and convex to one another, with selective holes, one of which is located in the region of maximum convergence of the surfaces, and the other is in the lower surface.

The air flow between the hemispheres, tapering, accelerates, which causes a decrease in static pressure. This pressure is transmitted through a sampling hole located in the region of maximum approximation of surfaces, through a sampling tube of static pressure to the transducer and compared with the total pressure in the hemisphere, where the flow velocity is zero. Another selected hole is located in the lower surface of the hemisphere. The output pressure from the pressure gauge is supplied to the input of the converter and then to the register.

The disadvantages of these devices are limited functionality due to the presence of only one signal for wind speed, and insufficient reliability associated with the use of gauge-type sensors with a limited life of the deformation sensitive element.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution, taken as a prototype, is a wind parameter meter, considered in the work of the authors Porunova A.A., Berdnikova A.V. A wind parameter meter with processor processing of output signals // In Sat: Peripheral devices of computers and systems. Seminar materials. - M .: MDNTP, 1991. S.123-128. - [5], consisting of a wind receiving device, a static pressure meter, a temperature sensor, pressure sensors, electrical measuring circuits for generating primary informative signals, an analog-to-digital converter, a control controller, a drive, symbolic and graphic information controllers, a speed indicator, a direction indicator.

The wind receiving device is made in the form of a multi-channel aerometric transducer according to patent No. 2042137, IPC G01P 5/16, published in bull. No. 23 08/20/1995, containing an aerodynamic body, consisting of two parts made in the form of spherical segments having a common axis of rotation, and equipped with radially arranged tubular pressure receivers, each of which is connected by an independent pneumatic channel with its outlet fitting. Tubular pressure receivers are located equally spaced in angle and are fixed on holders, by means of which two parts of the aerodynamic body are interconnected. The convex surfaces of the spherical segments face each other. The axes of the tubular pressure receivers are aligned with the plane of symmetry of both parts of the aerodynamic body, which is orthogonal to their common axis of rotation. In this case, the internal cavity of one part of the aerodynamic body is hermetically closed by the first disk and communicated via pneumatic channels of the holders with the cavity formed by the second part of the aerodynamic body and the second disk. Each of the cavities is equipped with static pressure receiving holes located on the flat surfaces of the cone-shaped samples in both parts of the aerodynamic body. The distance between the flat surfaces is equal to one fifth of the diameter of the aerodynamic body. The planes of the inlet openings of the tubular pressure receivers are located on tangents to a circle that is (0.5 ... 0.6) D (aerodynamic body diameter), and the diameter of the cone-shaped sample is selected from the condition d = (0.08 ... 0.1) D.

The main disadvantages of the prototype are the limited efficiency of the system, due to the incomplete use of the informative redundancy of the measuring signal for the pressure drop, the limited operational characteristics of the primary informative signals generating elements characterized by low noise immunity, due to their placement in the open air space of the surface layer of the atmosphere.

The technical result, the claimed solution is aimed at, is to increase the efficiency of the device in the tasks of air traffic control in the airfield zone, in predicting the environmental situation in areas of technological disasters, as well as in measuring the parameters of the wind speed vector in aircraft and ships, due to expanding the functionality and increasing the noise immunity of the system to disturbances of the surface layer of the atmosphere.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the system for measuring atmospheric dynamics parameters in the surface layer, consisting of a wind receiving device, differential pressure sensors, electrical measuring circuits for generating primary informative signals, an analog-to-digital converter, information processing device, and information display device, it is new that differential pressure sensors with their electrical measuring circuits for the formation of primary informative signals form a block for the formation of primary information active signals from differential pressure signals.

In this case, the pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generating unit are the outputs of the wind receiving device for full and static pressures, and its electrical outputs are the outputs of the electrical measuring circuits for the formation of primary informative signals from the differential pressure signals. The pneumatic inputs of the primary informative signals generating unit for full pressure are connected to the pneumatic outputs of the same unit and to the pneumatic inputs of the flow differential pressure sensors, the outputs of which are combined and connected to the input of the primary informative signals generating unit for static pressure.

In addition, a unit for generating primary signals by climatic parameters of the atmosphere, consisting of an averaging cavity for generating a signal by atmospheric pressure, connected to an atmospheric pressure sensor, averaging temperature sensing cavities, connected to an atmospheric temperature sensor, and a temperature compensation sensor connected to its electrical measuring instrument, was introduced into the system structure temperature compensation signal conditioning circuit.

At the same time, the outputs of the sensors of the primary signal generation unit according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere are its electrical outputs according to the signals of temperature compensation, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric air temperature. The pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generating unit according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere, in communication with the pneumatic outputs of the primary signal generating unit, are in communication with the pneumatic inputs of the averaging cavity for generating the signal by atmospheric pressure. The first pneumatic outlet of this cavity is communicated by means of a pneumatic channel with the inlet of the averaging cavity for sensing the temperature of the air flow, and the second pneumatic outlet is connected to a compensation temperature sensor. The outputs of the sensors of the primary signal generation unit according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere according to the signals of atmospheric pressure and air temperature are connected to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter.

In addition, a signal preprocessing unit consisting of series-connected temperature correction circuits and low-pass filters has been introduced into the system structure. The inputs of the signal preprocessing unit are connected to the electrical outputs of the primary signal generation unit by the differential pressure and to the output of the primary signal generation unit by the atmospheric climate parameters by the temperature compensation signal.

, температуры атмосферного воздуха T и скорости ее изменения $$\dot{T}$$

и подключены к средству отображения информации.The first inputs of the temperature correction circuits are connected to the inputs of the signal preprocessing unit using differential pressure signals, and the second inputs are connected to the input of this unit according to temperature compensation, which is also connected to the input of its low-pass filter. The outputs of each of the low-pass filters are the outputs of this unit by speed signals and are connected to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the digital output of which is connected to the functional processing unit, the outputs of which are the outputs of the system for measuring atmospheric dynamics parameters in the surface layer by signals of speed V and wind direction Ψ, atmospheric pressure p _a , rate of change $${\dot{p}}_a$$

, air temperature T and its rate of change $$\dot{T}$$

and connected to the information display means.

Flow-through differential pressure sensors and a compensation temperature sensor are made in the form of modules of jet-convective converters containing anemosensitive elements with forming nozzles. Moreover, the anemosensitive element of each module of the jet-convective transducer is located in the alignment of the jet formed by its nozzle.

The invention is illustrated in figure 1, where figure 1 is a structural-functional diagram of the system.

Here:

1 - wind receiving device;

2 - flow differential pressure sensors;

3 - electrical measuring circuits for the formation of primary informative signals;

4 - analog-to-digital Converter;

5 - information processing device;

6 - means of displaying information;

7 - a block for generating primary informative signals from differential pressure signals;

8 - unit for the formation of primary signals by climatic parameters of the atmosphere;

9 - signal preprocessing unit;

10 - outputs (fittings) of the wind receiving device 1 at full pressure;

11 - output (fitting) of the wind receiving device 1 by static pressure;

12 - averaging cavity of signal formation by atmospheric pressure;

13 - atmospheric pressure sensor;

14 - averaging cavity for perceiving temperature;

15 - atmosphere temperature sensor;

16 - compensation temperature sensor;

17 is an electrical measuring circuit for generating a signal for temperature compensation;

18 is a diagram of temperature correction;

19 - low-pass filters;

20 - anemosensitive elements of jet-convective modules;

21 - forming nozzles of jet-convective modules.

The system for measuring atmospheric dynamics parameters in the surface layer consists of a wind receiving device 1, differential pressure sensors 2, electrical measuring circuits 3 for generating primary informative signals, analog-to-digital converter 4, information processing device 5, information display means 6, primary signal generating unit 7, block 8 of the formation of primary signals by the climatic parameters of the atmosphere and block 9 of the preliminary signal processing.

The differential pressure sensors 2 with their electrical measuring circuits 3 for forming primary informative signals form a block 7 for forming primary informative signals for differential pressure signals.

The pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generating unit 7 are the outputs of the wind receiving device 1 at full 10 and static 11 pressures, and its electrical outputs are the outputs of the electrical measuring circuits 3 of forming the primary informative signals from the differential pressure signals.

The pneumatic inputs of the unit 7 for generating primary informative signals for full pressure are connected to the pneumatic outputs of this unit and to the pneumatic inputs of the flow sensors 2 for differential pressure, the outputs of which are combined and connected to the input of the unit 7 for generating primary informative signals for static pressure.

The primary signal generating unit 8 for the climatic parameters of the atmosphere consists of an averaging atmospheric pressure signal generating cavity 12 communicated with an atmospheric pressure sensor 13, a temperature sensing averaging cavity 14 in communication with an atmospheric temperature sensor 15, a temperature compensation sensor 16 connected to its electrical measuring circuit 17 signal formation for temperature compensation.

The pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generating unit 8 according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere, communicated with the pneumatic outputs of the primary signal generating unit 7 according to the differential pressure signals, are in communication with the pneumatic inputs of the averaging cavity 12 for generating the atmospheric pressure signal.

In this case, the first pneumatic output of the averaging cavity 12 for generating a signal by atmospheric pressure is communicated via a pneumatic channel with the input of the averaging cavity 14 for sensing the air flow temperature, and the second pneumatic output with a temperature compensation sensor 16.

The outputs of the sensors of block 8 of the formation of the primary signals according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere are its electrical outputs according to the signals of temperature compensation, atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature.

The outputs of the sensors of block 8 for the formation of primary signals by climatic parameters of the atmosphere by signals of atmospheric pressure and air temperature are connected to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter 4.

The signal preprocessing unit 9 consists of series-connected temperature correction circuits 18 and low-pass filters 19. The inputs of the signal preprocessing unit 9 are connected to the electrical outputs of the primary signal generating unit 7 according to the differential pressure and to the output of the primary signal generating unit 8 according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere by the temperature compensation signal.

, температуры атмосферного воздуха T и скорости ее изменения $$\dot{T}$$

, подключенные к средству 6 отображения информации.The first inputs of the temperature correction circuits 18 are connected to the inputs of the signal preprocessing unit 9 using the differential pressure signals, and the second inputs are connected to the input of this temperature compensation unit, which is also connected to the input of its low-pass filter 19. The outputs of each of the low-pass filters 19 are the outputs of block 9 according to the speed signals and are connected to the inputs of the analog-to-digital converter 4, the digital output of which is connected to the functional processing block 5. The outputs of functional processing unit 5 are outputs of the system for measuring atmospheric dynamics parameters in the surface layer using signals of speed V and wind direction Ψ, atmospheric pressure p _a , and rate of change $${\dot{p}}_a$$

, air temperature T and its rate of change $$\dot{T}$$

connected to the means 6 display information.

Flow differential pressure sensors 2 and a temperature compensation sensor 16 are made in the form of jet-convective transducer modules containing anemosensitive elements 20 with forming nozzles 21. Moreover, each anemosensitive element 20 of the jet-convective transducer modules is located in the jet section formed by its nozzle 21.

The system for measuring atmospheric dynamics in the surface layer works as follows.

Multichannel stationary wind receiving device 1, interacting with the incoming air flow, perceives an array of pressures using radially arranged full pressure tubes and static pressure receiving holes. The pressure p _p from the inlets of each of the receiving tubes of full pressure is fed through their independent channels to the outlet fittings of the wind receiving device 1. The receiving holes of static pressure located on the flat surfaces of the cone-shaped samples of the wind receiving device 1 in both parts of the aerodynamic body receive local static pressure p _{m .art} .

, который несет информацию о величине и азимуте вектора ветра в плоскости горизонта. Далее этот массив преобразуются в массив электрических сигналов $$U_{{п}_i}$$

с помощью датчиков 2 перепада давления проточного типа на основе модулей струйно-конвективных преобразователей, расположенных в блоке 7 формирования первичных информативных сигналов по сигналам перепада давления.At the outlet of the fittings, a pressure array is formed at full 10 and static 11 pressures $$p_{P_i}$$

, which carries information about the magnitude and azimuth of the wind vector in the horizon plane. Next, this array is converted into an array of electrical signals $$U_{P_i}$$

using sensors 2 differential pressure flow type based on the modules of jet-convective converters located in the block 7 of the formation of primary informative signals from the differential pressure signals.

подается в осредняюшую полость 12 формирования сигнала по атмосферному давлению для формирования в ней давления p_a, являющегося оценкой атмосферного давления, в соответствии с зависимостью $$p_a=\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^8{p}_{{п}_i}}\right)/8,\left(1\right)$$

Pressure array $$p_{P_i}$$

fed into the averaging cavity 12 of the formation of the signal by atmospheric pressure to form a pressure p _a in it, which is an estimate of atmospheric pressure, in accordance with the dependence $$p_a=\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^8{p}_{P_i}}\right)/8,\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

- давление, воспринимаемое каждой из приемных трубок полного давления, определяемое зависимостьюWhere $$p_{P_i}$$

- pressure perceived by each of the receiving tubes of full pressure, determined by the dependence

$$p_{P_i}=p_{m.\mathrm{from}t}+{\chi }_P\rho V_2/2,\left(2\right)$$

where p _m.st - local static pressure; χ _p - pressure recovery coefficient of the receiving holes of the total pressure, χ _p ⋁ 0; ρ and V are the density and velocity of the air flow at the entrance to the receiving tube.

, воспринимаемых трубками полного давления, будет больше, а другая часть - меньше атмосферного давления, и, в результате, в осредняющей полости 12 формируется давление, являющееся оценкой атмосферного давления.The formation in the averaging cavity 12 of a pressure close to atmospheric is due to the fact that the sign of the pressure recovery coefficient χ _p is determined by the angular position of the total pressure tubes of the wind receiving device 1 relative to the direction of the wind velocity vector. Therefore, part of the pressure $$p_{P_i}$$

perceived by the total pressure tubes will be greater, and the other part less than atmospheric pressure, and, as a result, a pressure is formed in the averaging cavity 12, which is an estimate of atmospheric pressure.

в осредняющей полости 12 формирования сигнала по атмосферному давлению позволяет получить сигнал атмосферного давления, более помехоустойчивый к вариациям углового положения вектора скорости ветра.Space-time averaging of total pressure $$p_{P_i}$$

in the averaging cavity 12 of the formation of the signal by atmospheric pressure, it is possible to obtain a signal of atmospheric pressure, more noise-resistant to variations in the angular position of the wind velocity vector.

For the same reason, the temperature in the averaging cavity 14, in communication with the averaging cavity 12 of the signal generation by atmospheric pressure, is largely free from atmospheric disturbances characteristic of the surface layer.

и температуре $$U_{T_{окр}}$$

, которые подаются на аналого-цифровой преобразователь 4 и используются для формирования массива выходных сигналов, в том числе и по величине вектора скорости V, согласно зависимости $$V=\sqrt{2\left(p_{п}-p_a\right)gR{T}_{окр}/p_a\chi }\left(3\right)$$

Atmospheric pressure sensor 13 and temperature sensor 15, in communication with their averaging cavities 12 and 14, generate pressure signals $$U_{p_a}$$

and temperature $$U_{T_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}R}}$$

that are fed to the analog-to-digital Converter 4 and used to form an array of output signals, including the magnitude of the velocity vector V, according to $$V=\sqrt{2\left(p_P-p_a\right)gR{T}_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}R}/p_a\chi }\left(3\right)$$

where χ is the pressure recovery coefficient determined by the design features of the wind receiving device 1; g is the acceleration of gravity; R is the universal gas constant; T _okr - air temperature.

A temperature compensation sensor 16, structurally similar to flow-type pressure differential sensors 2, is placed in a blind chamber in communication with the averaging chamber 12 for generating a signal by atmospheric pressure, and generates an electrical signal proportional to the air temperature in this cavity and necessary to correct the additive and multiplicative component of the error according to dependencies

$$\begin{array}{l}{U}_{{\mathrm{and}}_i}=U_{\mathrm{but}{d}_i}\left(T\right)+\gamma G_i^n;\\ U_{\mathrm{to}}=U_{\mathrm{but}d.\mathrm{to}}\left(T\right),\left(\mathrm{four}\right)\end{array}$$

(T), U_ад.к(T) - напряжения, соответствующие аддитивной составляющей погрешности измерительного и компенсационного датчиков соответственно; U_к - напряжение на выходе компенсационного датчика 16 температуры; $$\gamma G_i^n$$

- информативная составляющая выходного сигнала-датчиков 2 перепада давления проточного типа (обозначено: γ - коэффициент анемочувствительности; G_i - массовый расход по каналам, содержащим анемочувствительные элементы 20 модуля струйно-конвективного преобразователя; n - показатель степени, определяемый характером течения воздуха в месте расположения анемочувстви-тельного элемента, n≈0,5). Массовый расход определяется зависимостьюWhere $$U_{\mathrm{but}{d}_i}$$

(T), U _ad.k (T) - voltages corresponding to the additive component of the error of the measuring and compensation sensors, respectively; U _to - the voltage at the output of the temperature compensation sensor 16; $$\gamma G_i^n$$

- the informative component of the output signal of the sensors 2 differential pressure flow type (indicated: γ - the coefficient of anemosensitivity; G _i - mass flow through channels containing anemosensitive elements 20 of the module of the jet-convective transducer; n - exponent determined by the nature of the air flow at the location anemosensitive element, n≈0.5). Mass flow rate is determined by the relationship

$$G_i=\left(p_{P_i}-p_{m.\mathrm{from}t}\right)/R_{P_i},\left(5\right)$$

- сопротивление пневматических каналов, содержащих анемочувствительные элементы 20 модуля струйно-конвективного преобразователя.Where $$R_{P_i}$$

- resistance of pneumatic channels containing anemosensitive elements 20 of the jet-convective converter module.

The signals determined by the dependencies (4) are fed to the input of the temperature correction circuits 18 of the signal preprocessing unit 9, at the output of which the signals determined by the dependencies are formed $$U_{{\epsilon }_i}=\frac{U_{\mathrm{but}{d}_i}\left(T\right)+\gamma G_i-U_{\mathrm{but}d.\mathrm{to}}\left(T\right)}{U_{\mathrm{but}d.\mathrm{to}}\left(T\right)}.\left(6\right)$$

позволяет в случае близости значений сигналов $$U_{а{д}_i}\left(T\right)\approx U_{ад.к}\left(T\right)$$

существенно уменьшить как аддитивную, так и мультипликативную составляющие температурной погрешности.This formation of output signals $$U_{{\epsilon }_i}$$

allows in case of proximity of signal values $$U_{\mathrm{but}{d}_i}\left(T\right)\approx U_{\mathrm{but}d.\mathrm{to}}\left(T\right)$$

significantly reduce both the additive and multiplicative components of the temperature error.

At the output of signal preprocessing unit 9, an array of electrical signals is generated, which is transmitted to a multi-channel ADC 4 and then to information processing device 5, where the functional processing of this array of signals occurs in accordance with the following algorithm.

The algorithm for processing and generating the results of measuring the parameters of the wind speed vector (VSS), carried out in the information processing device 5, consists of several stages. The first step in the processing of the array at i (where i = 1 ÷ 8) pressure values is to find the number of the i-th tube. The tube number is used to determine the first approximation of the angular coordinates of the BCB in accordance with the expression

$${\Psi }_m=450\cdot i.\left(7\right)$$

Then a preliminary assessment of the position of the BCB relative to the i-th full pressure tube is carried out. To this end, the inequalities are verified: or

$$p_i-\mathrm{one}<p_i+\mathrm{one}\left(8\right)$$

or $$p_i-\mathrm{one}<p_i+\mathrm{one},\left(9\right)$$

where p _i -1 and p _i +1 is the pressure measured in the full pressure tubes adjacent to the i-th tube.

The next processing step is to determine the exact value of the angular coordinates of the BCB in the sector of angles:

$$\theta \in \left[\left({\Psi }_m\left(i-\mathrm{one}\right)+{\Psi }_{mi}\right)/2{\Psi }_{mi}\right]\left(10\right)$$

when condition (8) is satisfied, and in the angle sector:

$$\left[{\Psi }_{mi},\left({\Psi }_{mi}+{\Psi }_m\left(i+\mathrm{one}\right)\right)/2\right]\left(\mathrm{eleven}\right)$$

when condition (9) is satisfied.

The numerical value of θ is determined based on the solution of one of the equations of the form:

или $$$$

$$\frac{p_{\left(i+1\right)}}{p_i}=\frac{\sout{\int }\left(-\theta \right)}{\sout{\int }\left(\theta \right)}\left(13\right)$$

$$\frac{p_{\left(i-\mathrm{one}\right)}}{p_i}=\frac{\sout{\int }\left(\theta \right)}{\sout{\int }\left(-\theta \right)}\left(12\right)$$

or $$$$

$$\frac{p_{\left(i+\mathrm{one}\right)}}{p_i}=\frac{\sout{\int }\left(-\theta \right)}{\sout{\int }\left(\theta \right)}\left(13\right)$$

where ƒ (θ)) are approximating polynomials of degree k calculated according to the results of preliminary calibration of the wind receiving device, and having the form:

$$\sout{\int }\left(\theta \right)=-0.0062{\theta }^3+0.69{\theta }^2-0.19\theta +0.87.\left(\mathrm{fourteen}\right)$$

According to the results of solving equations (12) or (13), the angular coordinate Ψ _k of the wind speed vector (wind azimuth) in the original coordinate system is determined based on the dependence:

Ψ _x = Ψ _{min ±} (θ _max -θ _x ) t ₀

where "+" - before the second term corresponds to condition (8); “-” - corresponds to condition (9).

After determining the direction of the wind speed vector, the pt value corresponding to the vector module is restored. This calculation is carried out in accordance with the following relationship:

$$p_m=p_i\frac{\sout{\int }\left({\theta }_0\right)}{\sout{\int }\left({\theta }_x\right)},\left(\mathrm{fifteen}\right)$$

where p _i is the pressure of the i-th tube; ƒ (θ ₀ ) is the value of the function that describes the angular characteristic of each of the “n” total pressure tubes at θ ₀ = 0. Then it is assumed that ƒ (θ ₀ ) = 1.0 (when calculating the pressures from the full pressure tubes); ƒ (θ _x ) is the value of the function for the current angular position of the airspeed vector.

The next step is the numerical value of the BCB module according to dependence (3).

The information obtained in the form of signals for speed V and direction (azimuth) Ψ wind, atmospheric pressure, its rate of change, as well as the temperature of the air and its rate of change is supplied to the information display means 6.

The claimed invention improves the efficiency of the device by expanding the functionality and increasing the noise immunity of the system.

At the same time, the obtained information on the velocity V and the direction (azimuth) Ψ of the wind, atmospheric pressure, its rate of change, as well as the temperature of the air and its rate of change is characterized by high accuracy, reliability and metrological reliability, and the design of the system for measuring atmospheric dynamics in the surface layer is sufficient easy to implement and reliable.

The system for measuring the parameters of atmospheric dynamics in the surface layer operates in the speed range of 1-60 m / s with variations in the direction of the vector in the range of ± 180 °, and the angles of inclination of the air flow in the plane orthogonal to the measurement plane in the range of ± 30 °, and also allows you to obtain information the rate of change of pressure in the range up to 1000 Pa / s, the rate of change of temperature in the range up to 20 ° / s.

Claims (2)

1. A system for measuring atmospheric dynamics in the near-surface layer, consisting of a wind receiving device, differential pressure sensors, electrical measuring circuits for generating primary informative signals, an analog-to-digital converter, an information processing device, and information display means, characterized in that the differential pressure sensors with their own electrical measuring primary informative signals generating circuits form a primary informative signals generating unit based on differential pressure signals while the pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generating unit are the outputs of the wind receiving device for full and static pressures, and its electrical outputs are the outputs of the electrical measuring circuits for generating primary informative signals from the differential pressure signals, while the pneumatic inputs of the primary informative signals generating unit for the full pressure are connected with pneumatic outputs of this unit and with pneumatic inputs of flow-through differential pressure sensors, the outputs of which x are combined and connected to the input of the primary informative signal generating unit by static pressure, the primary signal generating unit by atmospheric climatic parameters, consisting of the averaging atmospheric pressure generating chamber communicated with the atmospheric pressure sensor, and the averaging temperature sensing communicating with an atmospheric temperature sensor, a temperature compensation sensor connected to its electrical measuring circuit a signal for temperature compensation, while the outputs of the sensors of the primary signal generation unit for atmospheric climate parameters are its electrical outputs for temperature compensation signals, atmospheric pressure and atmospheric air temperature, while the pneumatic inputs of the primary signal generation unit for atmospheric climate parameters are in communication with pneumatic outputs the unit for the formation of primary signals communicated with the pneumatic inputs of the averaging cavity of the signal formation and atmospheric pressure, the first pneumatic output of which is communicated through a pneumatic channel with the inlet of the averaging cavity for sensing the air flow temperature, and the second pneumatic output with a compensating temperature sensor, in addition, the outputs of the sensors of the primary signal generation unit according to the atmospheric climatic parameters by atmospheric pressure signals and atmospheric air temperatures are connected to the inputs of the analog-to-digital converter, a signal preprocessing unit is introduced, consisting consisting of series-connected temperature correction circuits and low-pass filters, while the inputs of the signal preprocessing unit are connected to the electrical outputs of the primary signal generating unit according to the pressure difference and to the output of the primary signal generating unit according to the climatic parameters of the atmosphere according to the temperature compensation signal, the first inputs of the circuits temperature correction are connected to the inputs of the signal preprocessing unit according to the differential pressure signals, and the second inputs to the input of this unit for temperature compensation, also connected to the input of its low-pass filter, the outputs of each of the low-pass filters being the outputs of this unit by speed signals and connected to the inputs of an analog-to-digital converter, the digital output of which is connected to the functional processing unit, the outputs of which are the outputs of the system for measuring the parameters of atmospheric dynamics in the surface layer according to the signals of speed V and wind direction Ψ, atmospheric pressure p _a , its rate of change

, air temperature T and its rate of change

.      2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow-through differential pressure sensors and a compensation temperature sensor are made in the form of modules of jet-convective converters containing anemosensitive elements with forming nozzles, each anemosensitive element located in the alignment of the jet formed by its nozzle.