RU2548023C2 - Integrated communication system for surface ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering, communication.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to communication engineering and can be used to provide the management of a ship with real-time tactical communication and interaction communication. The integrated communication system for a surface ship integrates communication subsystems. The system is designed to provide the management of a ship with real-time tactical communication and interaction communication through automated generation and provision of different channels and radio communication paths.

EFFECT: high quality of communication channels and reception of information, reliability and robustness of the system.

1 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of radio communications, and in particular to the technique of controlling a ship radio complex, and can be used to organize external and internal communications on ships, ships and other mobile objects.

The trends in the development of radio communication networks are mainly determined by the level of development of control systems and the information technologies used in them, since the latter determine the types of information exchange between officials of system objects, control, as well as the requirements for the characteristics of information exchange. The requirements for communication equipment and its elements are determined by the principles of communication and the capabilities of communication systems. Therefore, the use of modern advanced information technologies in management is impossible without the implementation of modern automated radio communication systems deployed on mobile and stationary objects.

The main purpose of the single information space is the most complete satisfaction in real time of the information needs of ship officials, regardless of their location. This can be achieved by concentration and integration of up-to-date, complete, reliable and information generated according to certain rules, as well as ensuring the possibility of its timely provision in accordance with the established access procedure.

It is known "Device ship loud-speaking duplex communication" (USSR AS No. 568210, Н04М 9/08). The device comprises an electronic switch, a microphone, loudspeakers, transmit and receive amplifiers, a control pulse shaper, an HPF, a modulator, a demodulator, and other elements. Forming receiving and transmitting paths.

The disadvantages of the analogue are the low noise immunity of the switches, the dependence of the transmission quality on the length of the subscriber lines, the large hardware and cable redundancy, while the device provides only intra-ship communication.

Various complexes of external and internal communications are known, for example, “Unified Intra-Ship Communication System” (RF patent for invention No. 2261530 dated 09/27/2005), “Functional Automated Communication System” (RF patent on PM No. 65323 dated 07/27/2007 g.). Closest to the claimed complex is the "Automated communication system of the type" Buran ". (A.A. Katanovich, N.F. Directors. Modern systems of intra-ship communications: - Shipbuilding, 2001, p. 118).

The existing equipment system of the Buran type is designed to control a ship's radio complex. The basis of the system is a shared line. The complex consists of an antenna-feeder subsystem, a channel-forming subsystem, an information-control subsystem and a power supply subsystem.

The disadvantages of such a system are the large power supply of objects, a branched power grid, and the high density of electrical and radio devices leading to high tension of electrical and magnetic fields of a wide spectral composition. These fields, acting on electrical circuits and communication systems, create interference, reduce speech intelligibility, while the system also has a number of other disadvantages. Therefore, no matter how we improve the transmitters and receivers, expanding their functionality, implementing on a modern element base, the automated communication complex does not receive new properties. Antenna-feeder devices remain virtually unchanged. It is almost impossible to fulfill the requirements for a promising communication complex in such conditions.

The aim of the invention is the expansion of functionality, increasing reliability and survivability.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the integrated communication complex of a surface ship (IKS NK), comprising antenna-feeder means, channel-forming means, information-control means, means of processing and distribution of information, as well as power supplies interconnected by means of the ship with an integrated transport network, while all of the above means are made in the form of five subsystems, the first subsystem being antenna-feeder devices a, which contain transceiving antennas of various ranges and are connected with radio transmitting and radio receiving means by means of high-frequency switching devices and provide the use of the entire spectrum of modulation modes and types of signals by the channel-forming subsystem of IKK NK, the second subsystem is channel-forming communication means and includes a combination of radio-receiving and radio-transmitting devices , radio stations of various ranges, power amplifiers, transceiver modules connected through high-frequency switching devices with antenna-feeder devices (AFUs), both primary and backup, as well as between themselves and through interface and control units with three Ethernet switches, which provides the formation of a high-speed multi-channel system for presenting telecommunication services, the third subsystem is a hardware-software a complex based on a workstation (AWS), and the AWS is connected both to the local area network (LAN) Ethernet A1 and to the LAN Ethernet B1, via the route access congestion, while LAN A1 is also connected to a satellite communication system, a channel multiplexer, and access modules that are connected in series with communication encryption equipment and a message conversion device, the subsystem ensures the integration of IC NK communications into a single structure, organization of management of internal and external communications and monitoring their functioning, performing the function of automated communications management, the fourth subsystem is an infocommunication object network, which it forms independent "subnets" that ensure the interaction of equipment connected to them and the presentation of protected services, official services or open services, which includes LAN A2 and LAN B2, to which the combat information and control system (BIUS), weapon control system, and the network are connected a screen connected to the channel multiplexer, as well as gateways, controllers, base stations, wearable terminals and other elements of intra-ship communication, and the LAN is connected through the digital processing and switching unit to the second subsystem mine, the fifth subsystem includes power supplies, distribution racks, power racks, guaranteed power racks, monitoring, control units and other elements designed to power IC NK from ship lines with a network frequency of 50 Hz.

In FIG. The structural diagram of the CS NC is shown. It contains five subsystems (I-V), interconnected by means of a spaced intra-complex physical transport network, as well as a local area network: LAN A1, B1 and LAN A2, B2.

The first subsystem I - antenna-feeder devices 1 contains: transceiver antennas 2, a high-frequency switching device 3 connected to channel-forming means 4.

The second subsystem II - channel-forming communications 4. It consists of the following elements:

- satellite communications systems 5;

- radio transmitters and radios of various ranges 6;

- power amplifiers 7;

- transceiver modules 8;

- control units 9;

- interface blocks 10;

- three Ethernet 11 switches;

- modem 12;

- Computing complex of technical means (VKTS) 13;

- channel multiplexers 14;

- digital processing and control units 15.

The third subsystem III is a hardware-software complex. It contains:

- Workstation (AWP) 16;

- LAN Ethernet A1 and B1;

- access modules 17;

- cryptographic communication equipment 18;

- message processing device 19;

- special switch 20;

- server station 21.

The fourth subsystem IV is the infocommunication object network. It contains:

- LAN Ethernet A2 and B2;

- combat information management system (CIUS) 22;

- weapons management system (SLA) 23;

- firewall 24;

- gateways 25;

- controllers 26;

- base stations 27;

- wearable terminals 28;

- navigation complex 29.

The fifth subsystem V is a power supply. It contains:

- power distribution racks 30;

- racks of guaranteed power supply 31;

- control units 32;

- control units 33.

Appointment of the basic elements of ICS NK.

The physical transport network and local area networks: A1, B1, A2, B2, are designed to ensure the interaction of the control computer complex with the primary and secondary network complexes and other interacting systems and ship systems, as well as for the control and monitoring of radio communication channels, high-frequency switching devices , for switching shipboard communication systems to terminal equipment and radio communication means, etc.

Antenna-feeder subsystem I provides the use of the entire spectrum of modulation modes and types of signals of the channel-forming subsystem of the IKS NK, as well as radio navigation signals, signals of the single time system, GLONASS / GPS / Galileo signals, taking into account the fulfillment of EMC requirements. AFP consists of separate antenna ranges, each of which operates in its own range, and designed for:

- reception of electromagnetic radiation (radio signals, radio navigation, including in the conditions of electronic countermeasures), their automatic amplification to the relevant standards and automatic distribution to the technical means of the channel-forming subsystem of the IKS NK and other ship consumers;

- transmission of radio signals in a coherent or incoherent mode of operation, in the mode of power addition (on the “single bus”, on passive adders, in space), automatic isolation when forming several directions for transmission (up to four in the KB range, up to seven in the UHF range) on one antenna.

AFP IKS NK includes a combination of primary and backup receiving and transmitting antennas, high-frequency antenna switches 3, which provide switching of antennas to channel-forming means 4 of IKS NK, as well as antenna decoupling devices.

AFP 1 ICS NK provides:

- reception and emission of radio signals by appropriate antenna devices;

- switching channel-forming means to the main and emergency antenna devices;

- reception of radio signals in the following ranges of radio frequencies;

- on the AFU in the SDV range: from 8 kHz to 200 kHz;

- on the AFU in the DV-SV range: from 100 kHz to 200 kHz;

- on the AFU in the KB range: from 1.5 MHz to 60 MHz;

- on the AFU in the SMV range: from 3.4 GHz to 3.7 GHz;

- in the MV-UHF range of satellite radio communications in the bands 235-322 MHz, 387-390 MHz; 483-485 MHz and Rodnik systems;

- reception of space navigation signals (GLONASS / SPS / Galileo);

- In the Inmarsat satellite communications system;

- from spacecraft of the Express type;

- in the system of broadband wireless access (“Wi AAX”);

- in "VSAT" networks with a transmission speed of 2 Mbps.

AFP IKS NK provides reception and transmission of radio signals in the MV-UHF frequency ranges: 100 MHz - 400 MHz.

The architecture of the antenna devices ICS NK implements the possibility of integration into the mast of the ship without reducing their tactical and technical characteristics.

The second subsystem II is channel-forming communication equipment 4. Designed to build a unified system of radio channels - an integrated radio communication network (ISR), which provides the rational use of resources based on dynamic distribution, a joint protocol system and multi-parameter (frequency, spatial, polarization) adaptation to a changing electromagnetic environment the radio bandwidth of the complex to service all types of transmitted and received information (telephony, data, video, graphics, fax, etc.).

Channel-forming communication means 4 include a combination of radio-receiving and radio-transmitting devices, radio stations of various ranges, power amplifiers 7, as well as transceiver modules 8, which make it possible to form high-speed multi-channel systems for providing telecommunication services.

The satellite communication system 5 provides a multi-band complex of satellite communications and includes:

- means of satellite communications of the DMV range to operate on specialized channels of the ECO MO ECO;

- means of satellite communications of the DMV range for operation on the channels of the space communications complex 14K 150, etc.

Transceiver modules (PPM) 8 are designed to generate a high-frequency signal for transmitting and receiving a high-frequency signal from AFU 1, support CCM and the formation of packets with received information.

The control unit 9 is designed to interact with the PPM * both for data transfer and for control purposes, it performs spatio-temporal processing of signals, groups information packets, and synchronizes the operation of PPM8.

The interface unit with UL 10 performs pairing with legacy lines.

Ethernet 11 switches are designed to connect PPM8, interface units 10 and digital processing and switching units 15. They provide the reception and transmission of IP - graphics from these devices, switching in accordance with the priority and destination address.

Modem 12 provides automated data transfer from the control unit 9 to PPM8.

Computing complex of technical means 13 manages radio facilities and routing the transportation of information flows.

Channel 14 multiplexers provide administration of access to information resources and applications and user registration to provide access to the complex.

The digital block of control and switching processing (BTsOUK) 15 is designed to control the operation of the system as a whole, generate routing tables, monitor the operation of individual modules and blocks, and carry out information hiding functions.

BTsUUK 15 includes a module of cryptographic information protection means (CPSI) (not shown in FIG.), Which performs closing of subscriber data in order to ensure confidentiality, and closing information channels.

The third subsystem III - a hardware-software complex - is designed to form a message structure in various radio lines, the mode of data transmission and encryption of the integrated radio communication network depending on the service provided to subscriber devices upon request, and also to increase the reliability of communication depending on the quality of the channel the requirement of controls ICS PC.

It provides:

- the formation of the message structure depending on the mode of operation (type of radio link) and the service provided, including encoding and decoding of information in the structure of the required radio link;

- classification for transmission and automatic classification for receiving messages;

- improving the reliability of network communications, etc .;

- exchange of information between coastal launchers and NK in the information areas “Bereg-NK”, and “NK-Bereg” in all radio channels, including space channels of satellite communications, including in trunk communication networks and in personal communication networks;

- management of the subsystem for processing, distribution and protection of information with AWP 16 complex.

The automated workstation AWP 16 provides collaboration with the primary and secondary network complexes and the ship’s interacting systems, as well as the automation of communication establishment and maintenance processes.

Ethernet LAN A1 and B1 provides the physical interaction of the components of the complex, the transmission speed in the network up to 10 GHz / s.

Access modules 17 connect to the LAN and local networks of the ship, equipment broadband radio access.

Encryption communications equipment 18 is designed to encrypt and decrypt information.

The message processing device 19 receives information from cryptographic communication equipment and its processing.

Special switch 20 is designed for switching and distribution of confidential information and protecting information from unauthorized access to information resources and applications of the complex (firewall data).

Server station 21 is designed to expand the functionality of IC NK provided by terminal equipment. It provides: organization and management of telephone numbering; ensuring mobility of network users; ensuring reception, interim storage and guaranteed delivery of files and text messages to recipients, etc.

The fourth subsystem IV - the infocommunication object network - forms independent "subnets" that ensure the interaction of equipment connected to them and the provision of secure services, business services or open services.

It provides:

- connection to the fiber-optic and copper cable networks of various interfaces of weapons and local area networks of the ship, equipment of broadband access equipment;

- modular structure of construction;

- access to the optical trunk and network connection of user interfaces;

- connection and reception of information from a coastal digital communication line with a bandwidth of at least 150 Mbps;

- automatic restoration of the data network when 50% of the switching nodes fail;

- the provision of information and communication services to ship subscribers (officials and automated systems, complexes, facilities of the tax code);

- integration in terms of providing information and communication services with the WTF and PD Navy systems, etc.

The combat information and control system (CIUS) 22 is a subsystem of the automated combat control system designed to support decision-making by the ship’s commander and his staff to control other forces of the strike subsystems that provide and service.

The weapon control system 23 is designed to control both conventional and missile weapons.

The firewall 24 provides access to reference information about subscribers and resources, providing access to relevant address, authorization and auxiliary information about subscribers and resources, etc.

The controllers 25 transmit information from the base radio stations to small-sized transceiver VHF radio stations.

Gateways 26 provide connection to a fiber-optic or copper cable network of various interfaces of hardware and local networks.

Base radios 27 are designed to work in networks or radio directions in the premises of the ship with transceiver small-sized radio stations.

Wearable terminals 28 are small-sized transceiver VHF radio stations.

The navigation complex 29 is an independent subsystem that provides the operation of navigation equipment and obtaining navigation data (latitude, longitude, course, speed) to solve information problems on the optimal use of the communication complex.

The fifth subsystem V of power supplies is intended for power supply of ICS NK from ship lines with a network frequency of 50 Hz with parameters according to GOST B2339-78.

With long-term or short-term shutdown (switching) of ship power sources, the operation of previously formed IC NK communication channels (paths) after restoration of power supply is ensured.

The structure of the V subsystem includes: power distribution racks 30; guaranteed power racks 31; control units 32 and control units 33.

All these blocks provide IC NK power supply in the presence in the ship networks of switching switching overvoltages of exponential form with the parameters indicated in the table.

Table Impulse overvoltage, V Duration, μs Current type At the level of 0.5 U _max T _n The duration of the front from 0.1 to 0.9 U _max T _f > 800 one hundred <3 Constant and variable 800 10 <1 800 one <0.1 1000 2000 <10 constant

When turning the ICS NK equipment on and off, the pulse overvoltage at the input power terminals does not exceed 600 V.

WORK OF THE INTEGRATED COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF A SHIPBOAT SHIP

Reception of messages on radio links is carried out on AFU 1, with subsequent RF switching. The task of the RF switching 3 is to ensure the coupling of the transceiver modules 8 with the required AFU 1 for the implementation of the receiving and transmitting paths of the channel-forming subsystem (CPC) 4.

A feature of the radio equipment claimed in the ICS NK is the use of SDR technology, capable of receiving various types of modulated signals. The RF signal is fed directly to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Further, the signal processor reads the signal from the converter and programmatically converts it into any desired form. The possibilities of modern ADC circuits at the maximum operating frequency are not unlimited, therefore, a method is currently being used that involves preliminary conversion of the RF signal to an intermediate frequency with subsequent conversion to ADC. To build a path for receiving messages in the existing radio line, for example, “Range” and in the “Integral” radio line, the final result of the RF conversion of the ADC - signal processor in the ICC NK offers a binary sequence of these messages.

When working with PPM8 tools, they use the initial data:

- carrier frequency;

- type of modulation.

Input of the initial data can be of a certain character (it is entered into PPM8 from the digital processing, control and switching unit 15), and it is carried out directly from PPM8.

The subsequent operation required to ensure the receipt of a message is step-by-step synchronization of received data.

The main task of elementwise synchronization is to provide an unambiguous perception of the received data bit with determining the boundaries of neighboring bits. The element-wise synchronization task, which is mandatory for any data transmission channel, has many solutions.

To solve the problems of receiving messages with element-wise synchronization of received data in the software *, the following processing method is used:

- based on the source data (operating frequency, modulation type, transmission rate), PPM8 provides recovery of the binary data stream at reception;

- the binary stream is constantly analyzed for the presence of a meander in it;

- the detection of a meander is accompanied by a correction of the phase of the clock frequency of reception;

- the fact of detecting the meander in the bitstream is fixed, transferring the circuit to the search mode for self-timer, providing cyclic synchronization;

- detection of an autostart combination taking into account the possible number of errors in it (comparison with a constant), transferring the circuit to the mode of “slicing” characters from a bit stream;

- resetting the circuit upon receipt of the message end indication or when the limit value of the number of data bits of the message is reached, if the autostart combination is undefined.

The following procedures for processing received messages: analysis of the presence of errors in characters, logical processing of simultaneously received messages, formation of the message structure, is implemented programmatically, because, despite the relatively large amount of memory blocks built into modern panels, the implementation of these procedures is not comparable in hardware with respect to similar software implementation.

Upon the output of the proposed processing scheme, a received message is formed with the executed control elements of the message structure:

- the presence of a meander in the structure;

- the appropriate (taking into account the possible number of errors) autostart combination.

Further, the implementation of the logical processing of simultaneously received messages will reduce the number of errors in the message, which this procedure is aimed at. Further, the message is subjected to cryptographic processing by means of ShAS 18.

The sequence of transformations for implementing message passing is as follows:

- cryptographic processing of the message in the HLS 18;

- conversion of message signs into channel code from the internal code of the Integral type equipment;

- the formation of the message structure in the structure in accordance with the developed table;

- High-frequency conversion of the bit sequence of the message data in accordance with the type of modulation (emission class);

- implementation of a protocol of interaction with a power amplifier for outputting a message through the AFU 1 on the air.

The formation of the message structure is carried out programmatically. The organization of input data input for PPM8, providing sufficiency in determining the operating mode, is implemented in the same way as in the case of the organization of message reception.

Satellite communications IKS NK 5 represents a multiband complex of satellite communications and includes:

- means of satellite communications in the range DMV 0.3 / 0.2; 0.4 / 0.5 GHz for operation on specialized channels of the ESAC MO SC;

- a means of satellite communication of the DMV range for operation on the channels of the space communications complex 14K 150;

- a means of satellite communications of the MMV range 44/20 GHz to operate on the ESA MO spacecraft channels;

- means of satellite communications of the SMV range for operation on the ESSS MO channels in the 6/4, 8/7 GHz band.

Along with the inherited communication facilities, the communication complex includes basic sets of radio modules of the Unification complex.

The basic set of modules of the radio station of the Unification complex is intended for organizing communications and managing a data transmission network.

The hardware and software complex III ICS NK provides:

- automated management of the efficiency of the operation of the intrabuilder communication network and the integrated radio communication network, their support and automated management of them in case of failure 16;

- display of information on the shipboard environment against the background of the NK scheme and its individual premises 24;

- configuration management of the shipboard communications network and the integrated radio communications network and routing the transportation of information flows 16;

- the establishment of permanent and switched virtual information connections between the IKS NK equipment and its subscribers 14;

- management of the operating modes of all hardware and software of the complex and a visual display of their status;

- protection of information from unauthorized access to information resources 18, 20; and etc.

The functioning of controls from the point of view of information technology is carried out using a synthesis of software and hardware levels.

The hardware and software complex III provides automatic monitoring of the state of ICS NK assets with the display of 16 systems on AWP:

- when you turn on the complex;

- in the formation of tracts without disrupting the functioning of the complex for its intended purpose;

- diagnostics of failures of means of ICS NK, etc.

In addition to the listed functions, it is also provided:

- exchange of information between coastal launchers and NK in the information areas “Bereg-NK” and “NK-Bereg” in all radio channels, including space channels of satellite communications, including in trunk communication networks and in personal communication networks;

- interfacing with the weapon control complex 23 in terms of issuing corrective orders and weapon control signals received via wire channels, radio communication channels;

- automatic transmission of the received information to the officials of the Tax Code after its sight by the commander;

- management with AWP 16 complex.

Infocommunication object network IV provides the opportunity for subscribers of the computer complex to exchange packets using IP version 4 protocol (including codograms generated by automated systems and ACS of the accommodation facility encapsulated in IP packets) with support for differentiated quality of service depending on the type of information (codograms, speech and video).

Subscribers connected to a secure network are provided with the possibility of a secure infocommunication interaction through communication resources with fixed and mobile subscribers of the technical basis of the RF Armed Forces control system, including subscribers of existing and developed ACSs, as well as access to their information resources.

Subscribers connected to an isolated open subnet are provided with access to public networks, including the Internet.

IOS IV provides the creation of virtual object networks that divide subscribers by access rights to information resources and information and communication services based on mandatory and discrete access control methods.

Administration tools of IOS IV provide independent management of the functioning of equipment included in a secure, service or open network.

Administration tools of IOS IV provide interaction with management tools from the hardware and software complex III.

IKS NK also provides backup work of fixed assets of the NK:

- transmission of a report on a NK accident (in the event of the release of fixed assets);

- exchange of information between an emergency NK and rescue forces through international radio communication channels and Navy ACC channels, etc.

Thus, ICS NK unites all communication subsystems and provides ship management with operational-tactical communications and interaction communications, through the automated formation and provision for use of various radio communication channels and paths.

Using IC NK allows to significantly improve the quality of transmission and reception channels of information, reliability and survivability of the complex while expanding its functionality and reducing development costs.

Claims (1)

The integrated communication complex of a surface ship (IKS NK), comprising antenna-feeder means, channel-forming means, information-control means, means of processing and distribution of information, as well as power supplies, interconnected by means of an integrated transport network distributed across the ship, characterized by the fact that all of the above means are made in the form of five subsystems, while the first subsystem is an antenna-feeder device that contains transmitting antennas of various ranges and by means of high-frequency switching devices are connected to radio transmitting and radio receiving means, the second subsystem is channel-forming communication means and includes a set of radio receiving and transmitting devices, radio stations of various ranges, power amplifiers, transceiver modules connected via high-frequency switching devices with antenna-feeder devices (AFU), both primary and backup, as well as between themselves and through the interface and control units with three Ethernet switches, which provides the formation of a high-speed multi-channel system for presenting telecommunication services, the third subsystem is a software and hardware complex based on an automated workstation (AWP), and the AWP is connected as with a local computer network (LAN) Ethernet A1 both with Ethernet B1 LAN via an access router, while LAN A1 is also connected to a satellite communications system, channel multiplexer, and access modules that are connected with encryption communications equipment and a message conversion device, the subsystem ensures the integration of ICS NK communications into a single structure, the organization of control of internal and external communications and the functioning of automated communication control, the fourth subsystem is an infocommunication object network that connects independent "subnets »That ensure the interaction of equipment connected to them and the presentation of protected services, official services or open services, which includes LAN A2 and LAN B2, to which are connected a combat information management system (BIUS), a weapon control system, a firewall connected to a channel multiplexer, as well as gateways, controllers, base stations, wearable terminals, etc. elements of intra-ship communication, the LAN being connected through the digital processing and switching unit to the second subsystem, the fifth subsystem includes power supplies, power distribution racks, guaranteed power racks, control units, control lazy and other elements intended for power supply ICS NK from ship lines with a network frequency of 50 Hz.