RU2547606C1 - Method of hoeing textile material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: method of hoeing the textile material comprises its forced feeding to the counter rotating toothed rollers for separation of fibres, subsequent fluffing of fibres by the radial combs rotating in a shell, and a conveyor discharge of bulk raw materials. The novelty is that the compressed bale of cellulose is fed measured by force to the counter rotating toothed rollers made in the form of a set of coaxial cutters with sequential shifting of teeth along the generants mounted with a partial sequential overlap for edge cutting the bale to tapes, fluffing which is carried out directly after separation of fibres to tapes by distributed combs rigidly secured on the periphery of two drums counter rotating at different speeds, having matched profile when alignment. The rotation speed of the drum combs varies to 10-30%.

EFFECT: invention simplifies the technology of hoeing the cellulose directly from a compressed bale into fragments of a given dispersion, which is carried out in a compact unit.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical processing of textile and similar flexible materials, namely for loosening and grinding of fibers, and is intended for automatic fluffing of bales of cellulose.

The level of this technical field is characterized by the method of textile waste regeneration described in patent RU 2099449, D01G H / 00, 1997, according to which the textile material is pre-cut into flaps oriented to be laid onto the forced feed roller table, where, using two pairs of rollers, Covered with a serrated headset, the material is pulled.

After this, the fibers are subjected to mechanical deformation in the loosening unit, as a result of which dispersed fibers are obtained in the form of fragments of a certain dimension — loosening of the material, which is removed from the working area by the conveyor.

The disadvantage of the described method is the heterogeneity of the fibrous material due to unstable mechanical effects on a unit mass of textile material having a different density, type and structure, which are not taken into account by corresponding changes in speed, force, and degree of filling of the working chamber with the material.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated in the method of textile waste recovery described in patent RU 2362846 C1, D01G 11/04, 2007, which includes the following operations: forced feeding of oriented folded rags on the roller table to the release unit, where there is a weakening of bonds between the threads and fibers of the material due to the force impact of the gear headset of two exhaust pairs of counter-rotating rollers that have different speeds.

Before loosening, the fibers are treated with water vapor and / or an emulsion solution from nozzles to reduce adhesion.

The material is sifted due to the combined action of the loosening unit and the external deformation unit, when the material is exposed to the helical blades of a hollow steam shaft having a speed control that is automatically set depending on the filling of the working chamber and the degree of loosening of the material, as well as radial combs mounted longitudinally inward on an autonomously rotating coaxial section, which is reversed to change the forces of impact.

A feature of the mechanical effect on the fibers when loosening is the self-oscillation of flexible combs, additionally installed at an angle to the axis of the central shaft, the inclination to the horizon of which is selected according to the processing conditions, so that more massive particles of the dispersible material move longer to the exit, reaching the desired degree of loosening.

Dispersed (fluffy) material is gravitationally discharged onto a conveyor belt and fed for drying.

The technical result of technological processing of textile material is the intensification of the mechanical processing of flaps, taking into account the density and type of material, to increase the yield of measured loose fiber.

According to the technical nature and the number of matching features, the described method is selected as the closest analogue to the proposed method.

A disadvantage of the known method of loosening textile (or similar flexible material, in particular cellulose, pressed into a bale) is the hardware complexity of its implementation with a wide variety of settings and adjustments.

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to simplify the technology of loosening textile material without compromising the quality of processing.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of loosening textile material containing forcing it to counter-rotating gear rollers for razvolok, subsequent fluffing of the fibers by rotating radial combs in the casing and conveyor removal of bulk raw materials, according to the invention, the compressed bale of cellulose is forcibly metered to counter-rotating gear rollers, made in the form of a set of coaxial milling cutters with sequential displacement of the teeth along the generators, set entailed with a partial sequential overlap for face cutting bales into tapes, the fluffing of which is carried out immediately after being pulled onto the tapes by distributed combs rigidly fixed on the periphery of two reels counter-rotating at different speeds, having a mating profile when combined, and the rotation speed of the drum combs varies by 10- thirty%.

Distinctive features of the proposed technical solution have simplified the technology of loosening the pulp directly from the compressed bale into fragments of a given dispersion, which is carried out in a compact installation.

Forced measured feed of pulp bales to counter-rotating gear rollers made it possible to combine it with a dragging operation, which is carried out by counter-side face cutting of the bale into tapes by means of a set of coaxial cutters, the rows of which are distributed along their periphery along the forming rollers.

The placement of milling cutters in adjacent rows with their partial overlap provides a complete layer-by-layer cutting of material from the end of the bale in the form of transverse tapes, thus carrying out the operation of cellulose release from the pressed bale.

Carrying out the operation of fluffing immediately after separation excludes intermediate operations between them, that is, the proposed method excludes steaming and wetting of the material before mechanical fluffing, which significantly simplified the technical process and reduced the capital cost of production.

Schematically, two pairs of rollers with a serrated headset of an exhaust device according to the prototype in the invention are transformed into a razvolokaniye mechanism and an adjacent device for dispersion of cut tapes, which is structurally combined with radial combs, enhancing the mechanical effect on the fiberized material, further dispersively dispersed.

In this case, a hollow steam conducting shaft with helical blades is excluded, having an autonomous rotation drive and an adjustable angle of inclination to the horizon, as well as a reverse rotation section coaxial to the working casing, carrying flexible combs directed inward.

The installation of rigid combs distributed over the periphery of counter-rotating drums mounted at different speeds mounted above the exit window of the casing, the profile of which is mated when combined, ensures the separation of the cut tapes into fragments of a given length, that is, the operation of fluffing pulp is carried out.

The rotation of the drums with combs at a speed different by 10-30%, prevents the formation of arches and jamming in the tool due to additional tensile forces in the tape, torn into fragments of a given dispersion.

The range of difference in rotation speeds of these drums is selected from the condition of different density of material in bales.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination in a stable relationship is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the characteristics of disunity, that is, the technical problem posed in the utility model is not solved by the sum of the effects, but by a new super-effect of the sum of the essential features.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a specialist in mechanization of textile production, showed that it is not known, and given the possibility of industrial serial production of fluffy material of a given dispersion according to the invention, we can conclude compliance with patentability conditions.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which has a purely illustrative purpose and does not limit the scope of claims of the totality of the features of the formula.

The drawing shows:

in FIG. 1 is a diagram of a pulp bale fluffing device;

in FIG. 2 is a side view of the rollers with cutters;

in FIG. 3 - combined combs.

The proposed method of loosening pulp from a compressed bale is carried out in the device described below in the following sequence of steps.

The pulp bale fluffing device (a machine for loosening flexible, textile-like materials) contains a roller conveyor 2 mounted on the bed 1, feeding bales with dimensions of 600 × 800 × 1200 mm of compressed pulp into the working area between the gear rollers 3 and 4, the last of which is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 5 preloads.

In the casing 6 behind the conveyor 2 is installed a pair of counter-rotating rollers 7, equipped with cutters 8.

Milling cutters 8 (Fig. 2) are made in the form of discrete cutting protrusions on tool rails 9, distributed mounted on rollers 7.

Mills 8 are sequentially distributed along the generatrix of the rollers 7, with a partial mutual overlap in steps on adjacent rails 9.

In the casing 6 (Fig. 1), adjacent to the chipper 10, counter-rotating drums 11 and 12 are installed along the generatrices of which the combs 13 are fixed, mating with each other when combining the profile (Fig. 3).

A feature of the proposed method is that the rotational speed of the drum 10 is one third higher than the rotational speed of the drum 12, which creates additional tensile forces during mechanical action on the fibers with combs 13.

Under the drums 11-12 in the casing 6, a discharge window 14 is made on the discharge belt conveyor 15.

In the upper part of the casing 6, a pipe 16 is made, commuting with a suction fan (not shown conventionally).

The proposed method of loosening pulp, pressed into a bale, is as follows.

A monolithic bale of cellulose by a roller conveyor 2 is forcibly fed at a speed of 2-3 mm / rev. to gear rollers 3, 4, which counter-rotate, while the bale is fixed and pressed to the conveyor 2 by the hydraulic cylinder 5.

Counter-rotating gear rollers 3 and 4 from the end of the bale cut off the material layer-by-layer in the form of discrete tapes 4 mm wide and 300 mm long - the material is released.

Sliced by rollers 3, 4 from the end of the bale of cellulose tape, reflected by the chipper 10, are sent to the rollers 11-12, the counter-rotation speed of which differs by 10-30%.

Combs mating in the oncoming movement 13, longitudinally mounted on rollers 11, 12, crush the material ribbons into fragments 4-6 mm long, fluffing the pulp to the specified dispersion necessary for further processing.

The prepared fluff pulp material through the window 14 is poured onto the belt of the discharge conveyor 15, which feeds the dispersed cellulose for further drying and subsequent chemical treatment.

A suspension of fine particles and cellulose dust, which is inevitably present during the mechanical cutting of the compressed bale, is removed from the casing 6 to eliminate hazardous concentrations, by pumping air through a pipe 16 and then disposing of it.

Tests of the proposed method of loosening textile material in the described experimental setup showed its functionality over a wide range of adjustment of actuators for fluffing bales of plant cellulose (cotton, flax, hemp) and wood pulp having different packing densities, which makes it possible to recommend industrial implementation in existing production for work customers.

Claims (2)

1. A method of loosening textile material, comprising forcing it to counter-rotating gear rollers for razvolnenie, subsequent fluffing of the fibers by rotating radial combs in the casing and conveyor removal of bulk raw materials, characterized in that the compressed bale of cellulose is forcibly measured to the counter-rotating gear rollers made in the form of a set of coaxial milling cutters with sequential displacement of teeth along generatrices installed with partial sequential overlapping for the end face cutting bales into tapes, the fluffing of which is carried out immediately after being pulled onto tapes by distributed combs rigidly fixed on the periphery of two drums counter-rotating at different speeds, having a mating profile when combined. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the rotation speed of the drum combs varies by 10-30%.

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