RU2546960C2 - Method of conducting controlled nuclear fusion reaction and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method includes injecting accelerated ions of light elements into an evacuated ring channel (1) with a wall (2) made of a material capable of static-charge accumulation, having a longitudinal axis (3) in the form of a curved smooth line. Injectors (4a) and (4b) form two ion beams moving in the channel in the same or opposite directions, and transport ions of said beams with repeated passage of said ions through the channel in the direction of its longitudinal axial line. The particle beams are transported using a channel (1), which is provided with an electroconductive shell adjacent to its external surface or an electroconductive coating (5) deposited on said surface, on which a potential which induces a positive charge on the internal surface of the wall of the channel 1 is applied to obtain a potential barrier greater than the highest energy of the ions injected therein. A grid (6), on which a potential is also applied, is placed near the internal surface of the wall of the channel.

EFFECT: high probability of conducting nuclear reactions without the need to generate high-temperature plasma and use complex equipment to generate magnetic fields with a special configuration.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of nuclear physics, and more specifically to controlled nuclear fusion, and in particular to a method for conducting a controlled nuclear fusion reaction and a device for its implementation.

As you know, the solution to the problem of controlled nuclear fusion occurs in several directions. These directions differ in ways of overcoming the Coulomb barrier and maintaining the conditions under which it becomes possible to approach the nuclei for a time long enough for the interaction and fusion of many pairs of nuclei with the release of energy exceeding the expended. The most developed were two of them. The first direction is characterized by the fact that magnetic fields of a special shape hold in the reaction zone superheated and superdense plasma from heavy hydrogen isotopes. The second direction is the so-called inertial thermonuclear fusion, in which super-strong pressure is realized in the form of an explosion on nuclear fuel particles filled with heavy hydrogen isotopes using an initiation system - a powerful laser, an x-ray source, a powerful pulsed electric discharge or heavy ion beams (E .P. Velikhov, S.V. Putvinsky, Thermonuclear Energy. Status and Role in the Long-Term Perspective, Report made on 10/22/1999 at the Energy Center of the World Federation of Scientists [1], http: //thermonuclear.narod .ru / rev.htm # vp).

Installations intended for thermonuclear fusion within the framework of the first area, in particular, the tokamak type, are extremely complex, including due to the presence of a number of factors that cause plasma instability and the need to combat them (see: M. Hegler, M. Christiansen Introduction to Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion (Moscow, MIR Publishing House, 1980, 232 pp. [2]).

Implementation of nuclear fusion in the second direction is no less difficult (see: Nuclear fusion with inertial confinement. Current status and prospects for energy. Edited by B. Yu. Sharkov. Moscow, FIZMATLIT, 2005, 264 pp. [3]). The main physical task in this direction of controlled thermonuclear fusion is to reduce the total energy of the aforementioned explosion to a level that will make it possible to make a practical thermonuclear reactor.

None of these areas has yet led to the creation of practically operational systems. As indicated in [1], work in both directions only approached the creation of experimental machines with a positive energy output, in which the basic elements of future thermonuclear reactors will be tested.

The authors of [2] (p.16) note the existence of another direction. Such a direction is thermonuclear fusion in colliding beams of particles (ions).

Known technical solutions in this direction. So, in the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 2237297 [4], publ. August 28, 2002, it is proposed to carry out the synthesis reaction in colliding beams introduced into the interplanar spaces of the crystal using the channeling of particles in the crystal (MA Kumakhov. Radiation of channeled particles in crystals. Moscow. Energoatomizdat, 1986, 161 p. [5]) . In the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 46111 [6], publ. 06/10/2005, the fusion reaction is proposed to be carried out in a rectilinear cylindrical collider made of a dielectric material. In both technical solutions for patents [4], [6], the means used for channeling beams reduce particle scattering, which for this direction in [3] is considered as a cause of significant energy losses, which makes it impossible to compensate for the ion acceleration costs and obtain a positive energy output. However, with the geometry inherent to these technical solutions, the particles forming a rectilinear beam only once have the opportunity to collide with a particle of the oncoming beam. The density of energy produced in such reactors is too low, as a result of which we can apply the skeptic conclusion of the authors of [2] regarding the prospects of this direction.

However, in [2] (p.16), the possibility of exclusion from such a conclusion is noted. This exception is the migmatron. The latter is devoted to a number of patents, in particular Canadian patent No. 987035 [7], publ. 06/06/1976, and UK patent No. 1422545 [8], publ. 01/28/1976, as well as US patent No. 4788024 [9], publ. 11.29.1988, which describes the improvement of technical solutions for patents [7], [8]. A feature of the migmatron is that it has an accumulation of particles that carry out periodic motion, due to which they participate in the "attempts" of the collision many times. This is achieved due to the very complex configuration of the magnetic field created in the working volume into which the particles are injected. Particles move along close to circular paths displaced to the periphery of the indicated volume, at the same time precessing in such a way that the centers of the circles described by them themselves move along circles of a larger radius. Particle trajectories pass through the center of the volume, so that in the central region for each particle there is always another particle moving towards it along its circular path. Strictly speaking, in a migmatron, unlike technical solutions for patents [4] and [5], there are no colliding beams as such. At the same time, in contrast to solutions involving the use of a high-temperature plasma in which particles move randomly, the migmatron uses particles belonging to the same initial beam moving along ordered trajectories, which allows the migmatron to be assigned to the same group as patent decisions [4] and [5]. In US patent No. 5034183 [10], publ. 07/23/1991, described a technical solution that implements a similar principle. Due to the complexity of the magnetic system that controls the formation of particle trajectories, the latter are similar to eights with an intersection point in the center of the working volume: they have the form of circular arcs in the peripheral part of the working volume, conjugated with straight lines converging in the center of the working volume. Having reached the center, the particle further moves along the radius in the peripheral direction, then describes the arc of a circle and again returns along the radius to the center. Due to this, a higher concentration of particles in the central zone of the working volume is achieved.

As a common feature of the various options ([7] - [10]) of the design of the migmatron and the methods implemented with their help, it should be noted that they do not use plasma. Thanks to this, they are free from all problems associated with it, including the need to provide its ultra-high temperature. In this sense, the corresponding reactors could not be called thermonuclear (as noted by the inventors of the indicated patents), however, the particles participating in the synthesis reactions still have very high speeds and, therefore, a high temperature takes place in the zone of their high concentration. Along with the noted general feature, there is another, due to the need to form magnetic fields of a very complex configuration and high tension (so, according to the patent [9], it is necessary to create fields with induction up to 6 Tesla; in addition, according to this patent, electrostatic control is additionally required) . Nevertheless, the noted factors are not comparable with the problem of magnetic plasma confinement in “tokamaks”.

Adjacent to this direction is the technical solution according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2462009 [11], publ. 09/20/2012. One of the inventions of this patent relates to the design of a collider, which is intended, inter alia, for the interaction of charged particle beams in order to conduct a thermonuclear reaction.

A description of the use and operation of this collider discloses a method for carrying out such a reaction, which involves injecting accelerated ions of heavy hydrogen isotopes into the evacuated annular channel in the same or opposite directions. The ions introduced into the channel are transported along the channel with the fulfillment of many revolutions during the movement in the direction of the longitudinal axial line of the channel. The specified channel must be made of material capable of electrification, and the ratio in the form of inequality

$$E/Q<Rd{U}_{PR}/h,\left({}^{\ast }\right)$$

linking the following parameters:

- the smallest radius R of curvature of the longitudinal axial line of the specified channel, which should be a convex smooth curve (in the particular case when this line is a circle, the radius of this circle);

- the largest energy E that charged particles can have when transporting them along the channel;

- charge Q of particles for which the collider is intended;

- the smallest thickness d of the channel wall (with a constant wall thickness - just this thickness);

- dielectric strength U _pr material of the channel wall;

- the greatest distance h between two points of the inner surface of the channel located in the cross section of the channel on the same normal to the indicated surface (with a round cross-sectional shape of the channel, it is the same as its inner diameter, i.e. the diameter of the lumen).

The method and collider according to the patent [11] are closest to the proposed inventions.

With the indicated nature of the motion of ions, their interaction with the fusion of nuclei occurs equally likely anywhere in the internal space of the channel within the common part of the volume of this space for both ion beams.

The design of the known collider closest to the proposed device, as can be seen from the above description, is very simple. Subject to the above ratio, the movement of charged particles (the aforementioned ions) in the channel without contact with its walls is ensured due to the electrification of the latter by the injected particles themselves. In this case, the particles of each of the beams, carrying out the described multi-turn movement in the channel, have the possibility of collision with the particles of another beam (counterpropagating in the opposite directions of the movement of the beams or “catching up” with the same direction of movement) throughout the entire time of movement and in the entire volume of the internal space of the channel occupied by beams. The patent description [11] shows the fundamental possibility of carrying out deuteron-deuteron or deuteron-triton reactions with a positive energy yield.

At the same time, observance of the above relation (*) does not guarantee the preservation of ions in moving beams that participated in the interaction, which did not lead to nuclear fusion and can cause scattering of particles with their deviation from the original direction of motion, up to hit the channel wall. In addition, the observance of this ratio may not be possible, in particular, with a high energy of particles (for example, when using ions of heavier elements than isotopes of hydrogen) or a large diameter of the channel.

The proposed invention is aimed at achieving a technical result, which consists in preventing such situations, i.e. scattering of ions that have experienced approaching, which did not lead to nuclear fusion, and ensuring the continued motion of particles in the beam while maintaining the conditions for their participation in further interaction events, including the impossibility of observing relation (*). Ultimately, this will increase the likelihood of interactions with the production of neutrons and a positive energy output. At the same time, factors contributing to this result remain: the possibility of simultaneous participation in the interaction acts of all particles in the channel during the entire time of their movement when they make many millions of revolutions in the annular channel and in the entire volume of its internal space occupied by particle beams. The technical result achieved also lies in the fact that the energy of E ions can be increased compared to that which, for given properties of the wall material and channel geometry, is determined by the right-hand side of the inequality (*), and for a given energy of E ions, the radius of curvature of the channel can be selected is smaller, and the diameter h of the channel clearance is larger than that determined by the left-hand side of inequality (*), which limits the R / h ratio from below.

Below, with further disclosure of inventions, other types of technical result achieved can be mentioned.

In the proposed method for conducting a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, as well as in the closest known method implemented using the collider according to the patent [11], accelerated ions of light elements are injected into a vacuum annular channel with a wall made of material capable of electrification, having a longitudinal axis in the form of a convex smooth line, creating two beams of these ions moving in the same or opposite directions, and transporting the ions of these beams with multiple passage of said channel in the direction of its longitudinal center line, thereby providing a possibility of the interaction of ions with the fusion of the nuclei anywhere common to both of the beams of the inner space of said channel.

To achieve the specified technical result, in contrast to the closest known method according to the patent [11], the proposed method uses the specified channel, additionally equipped with an electrically conductive shell adjacent to the outer surface of its wall or deposited with an electrically conductive coating. A potential is applied to said shell or coating, which induces a positive charge on the inner surface of the wall of said channel to produce a potential barrier in this channel that exceeds the highest energy of the ions injected into it.

In various special cases, the implementation of the proposed method for the injection of accelerated ions of light elements into the specified channel can be used:

- ions of the hydrogen isotope deuterium D to create both of these beams,

- ions of the hydrogen isotope deuterium D to create one of these two beams and ions of the hydrogen isotope of tritium T - to create another beam,

- ions of the hydrogen isotope deuterium D to create one of these two beams and ions of the helium isotope He ³ to create another beam,

- hydrogen ions H (protons) to create one of these two beams and ions of lithium isotope Li ⁶ - to create another beam.

The proposed device for conducting a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, as well as the closest known device (collider according to the patent [11]), contains a vacuum annular channel with a wall made of material capable of electrification, having a longitudinal axis in the form of a convex smooth line, and two injectors of accelerated ions of light elements mounted with the possibility of introducing into the specified channel these ions in the same or opposite directions.

To achieve the specified technical result, in contrast to the closest known device according to the patent [11], in the proposed device the specified channel is equipped with an electrically conductive shell adjacent to the outer surface of its wall or an electrically conductive coating deposited on this surface. Said sheath or coating is an electrode for connection to an external voltage source.

They are designed to supply a potential device to them during operation, inducing a charge on the inner surface of the wall of the specified channel that provides a potential barrier in this channel near the inner surface of its wall that exceeds the highest energy of ions injected into the channel. The induced positive charge can significantly exceed the charge created by the closest known method on the channel wall in the closest known device by the ions of the beams moving in the channel themselves, and can practically be done by any one that allows creating a potential barrier insurmountable for the beam ions. This measure allows you to ensure the achievement and preservation of all of the above types of technical result. It should also be noted that due to this measure, the proposed method and device are still free from the need to create a high-temperature plasma and at the same time from all the problems associated with this, in particular the use of sophisticated means to create magnetic fields of a special configuration. Due to the aforementioned possibility of a wider variation of the ion energy and the geometric parameters of the channel, both greater freedom of choice during design, depending on particular preferences, and the ability to use the same device when changing the energies of the injected ions are ensured.

In the particular case of the implementation of the proposed method, it additionally traps ions that can be released from the material of the wall of the specified channel, in particular as a result of secondary emission under the influence of the ions injected into the specified channel and moving in it and entering the specified channel. Another, more significant reason for such emission is ions and neutrons falling on the channel wall, which are the products of the ongoing fusion reaction. Mentioned capture is carried out using an electrically conductive mesh placed in the specified channel near the inner surface of its wall without contact with it. To do this, a potential is applied to the specified grid, causing a local change in the potential distribution in the channel lumen with the formation of a gap in the gap between the specified grid and the inner surface of the wall. Such a measure prevents the mentioned secondary ions from entering the working zone of the channel, which could lead to a decrease in the probability of thermonuclear processes.

Accordingly, the proposed device may further comprise an electrically conductive grid installed in the specified channel near the inner surface of its wall without touching it. This grid is an additional electrode for connecting to an external voltage source.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- figure 1 - the proposed device for implementing the method according to the invention in the case of using oncoming beams;

- figure 2 - potential distribution in the lumen of the channel of the proposed device in the absence and presence of a mesh installed near the inner surface of the channel wall.

The proposed device contains (Fig. 1) a vacuum annular channel 1 with a wall 2 made of a material capable of electrification, such as glass, ceramics with good electrical insulation properties, high electrical strength and heat resistance. Channel 1 has a longitudinal axis 3 in the form of a convex smooth (jump-free derivative) line (the drawing shows only part of this line, which in this particular case is a circle of radius R with center O). On the right side of FIG. 1, an enlarged view shows the cross section of channel 1 in the particular case when it is round; h is the diameter of the lumen of the channel, d is the thickness of its wall. A circular channel cross-sectional shape is preferred, but not required. For example, an elliptical or oval shape is possible. The device also contains two injectors, schematically represented by positions 4a and 4b, for introducing accelerated ions of light elements into said channel.

In the case shown in FIG. 1, the injectors 4a and 4b are installed in such a way that the ion beams, after introducing them into the channel 1, are directed towards each other, as shown by arrows A and B. To ensure the beams move in the same direction (the case of “catching up” beams "), both injectors shall be oriented with respect to the annular channel in the same way. In addition, according to figure 1, the injectors 4a and 4b are installed on the side of the annular channel 1, facing the center of the ring. Such placement is optional, injectors can be installed on the other hand.

Channel 1 is equipped with an electrically conductive shell adjacent to the outer surface of its wall 2 or an electrically conductive coating deposited on this surface. The specified shell or coating is shown at 5 only on the right side of FIG. 1, since the scale of the left side does not allow this.

When ions are injected into channel 1, counterpropagating ion beams or beams arise in it, one of which “catches up” with the other, depending on how the injectors 4a and 4b are installed. These beams moving in the opposite direction or in the same direction, but with different speeds, “pass” through one another, which creates the conditions for the approach of the ions of one beam with the ions of another and the fusion of their nuclei with the release of energy.

The presence on the electrically conductive shell (coating) 5 of the outer surface of the wall 2 of the potential inducing a positive charge on the inner surface of the wall 2 ensures that a potential barrier appears in the channel near this surface. The corresponding potential distribution U (r) decreasing toward the center in the channel lumen along the radius of its cross section is shown in Fig. 2 by a solid line (the coordinate r is counted from the center of the channel cross section and therefore has the highest value h / 2). The mentioned potential is selected so that the energy of ion movement in the transverse direction is insufficient to overcome the value U _{B of the} potential barrier.

As a result, an ion that deviates from the original direction of motion after the failed fusion of the nuclei of this and another ion approaching it cannot reach the channel wall and "does not exit the game." At the same time, the potential barrier created is not an insurmountable obstacle for ions, which are the products of the ongoing fusion reaction (see below), since their energy is much higher than the ion energy of the initial injected beams. Due to this, the channel wall onto which such ions fall is capable of converting their kinetic energy into thermal energy and can serve as a heat source for further use and conversion, which are beyond the scope of the proposed inventions. The wall 2 of the channel thus plays the role of the first wall of a thermonuclear reactor, in which the proposed method and device can be used. By changing the value of the indicated potential, which ensures the creation of a potential barrier, it is possible to control the number of injected beams capable of converging ions and thereby affect the probability of thermonuclear fusion processes.

In the process of operation of the device, the mentioned potential barrier with some probability can still be overcome by individual ions of the injected beams. Such ions, falling on the inner surface of the wall of the dielectric channel, can cause the emission of ions from the wall material. The same effect is exerted by ions and neutrons resulting from the implementation of a thermonuclear reaction in the device. The appearance of emitted ions in the channel has an effect similar to a deterioration of the vacuum, and can reduce the likelihood of interaction of ions of the injected beams, leading to the fusion of their nuclei.

To prevent this phenomenon in the particular case of the implementation of the proposed device and the implementation of the proposed method with its help, the presence of a grid 6 is provided, which is installed near the inner surface of the wall 2 of the channel 1 without touching it. Mesh 6, like the shell or coating 5, is shown only on the right side of FIG.

An auxiliary potential is applied to the grid 6, causing such a local change in the potential distribution in the channel lumen that creates a gap in the gap between the grid 6 and the inner surface of the wall 2. The changed potential distribution in the channel lumen along its cross-section radius is shown in Fig. 2 by a dashed line. The segment Δr corresponds to the distance between the grid 6 and the inner surface of the wall 2 of the channel 1. As a result, the grid 6 is able to "pick up" secondary ions emitted by the inner surface of the channel wall. Electrons, which in this case can also be emitted by the wall surface, are not dangerous, since they settle on it, since it has a positive charge. To capture the secondary ions emitted by the wall 2, a small (a few percent of U _B ) ΔU potential wells (a dip in the potential distribution, see figure 2) is sufficient, since the energy of these ions is small. Leaving wall 2, such ions are located in the indicated potential well and cannot overcome the local potential barrier ΔU and get the worker into the channel zone in which the injected ion beams interact. Obviously, when choosing an auxiliary potential that leads to a too shallow depth of the dip in the potential distribution (fractions of a percent or less), the capture of secondary ions may not be effective enough. In the case of deviation, when choosing this potential in the opposite direction, such a significant distortion of the pattern of inducing positive charges on the inner surface of wall 2 can occur that it will generally become impossible to obtain the required potential barrier.

The sheath-coating and the mesh should not have gaps so that they are under the same potential along the entire length of the channel.

During the injection of ions into the channel, they accumulate, as a result of which the current generated by each of the beams can reach large values. Due to this, as well as the focusing effect exerted on the ions of both beams by the positively charged inner surface of the channel wall, a thin cord appears in the channel with a very high density of charge carriers capable of approaching, and a 100% probability of a thermonuclear reaction can be achieved. An important role is played by the fact that the ions of both beams make circular motion in the channel, making a huge number of revolutions and passing a huge distance. Achieving the indicated probability is also facilitated by the aforementioned decrease in ion scattering, preventing the departure of ions from the beam that deviate from the original direction of motion after the failed nuclear fusion.

Depending on the combination of the types of ions injected into the channel, which were mentioned above, the following reactions can occur with the release of energy in the form of kinetic energy of charged particles and neutrons n:

$$D+D\to H{e}^3+n+3.27M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

$$D+D\to T+H+3.27M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(2\right)$$

$$D+T\to H{e}^{\mathrm{four}}+n+17.58M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(3\right)$$

$$D+H{e}^3\to H{e}^{\mathrm{four}}+H+18.34M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(\mathrm{four}\right)$$

$$H+L{i}^6\to H{e}^{\mathrm{four}}+H{e}^3+\mathrm{four}M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(5\right)$$

(reactions (1) and (2) can occur simultaneously).

Theoretical estimates made for reaction (3) show that it is possible to obtain a total power of the order of 100 megawatts with an injected ion energy of 100 keV and a beam current of about 30 A in the proposed device having an axial line radius of the annular channel R = 4 m and a channel clearance diameter h = 0.2 m (see figure 1); the potential barrier U _b has a value of 300 keV. With these parameters, the distance traveled by the ion to the approach to another ion, leading to the fusion of nuclei with a probability of 1, is approximately 9 · 10 ⁶ m, however, only about 2% of the ions are able to make such an approach. The conversion coefficient of the energy of the injected ions into the energy released as a result of the reaction is approximately 33.

As in the designed fusion reactors (see [2]), when carrying out reaction (3) in the proposed device in accordance with the proposed method, it is necessary to use tritium that is not found in nature. Similar to that provided for in the designed reactors, the reproduction of tritium is possible in the blanket by neutron irradiation of the lithium isotope Li ⁶ in accordance with the reaction:

$$L{i}^6+n\to H{e}^{\mathrm{four}}+T+4.6M\mathrm{uh}\mathrm{AT},\left(6\right)$$

with the receipt of additional energy.

It should be noted that the above example related to reaction (3) is due to the fact that it is considered (see, for example, [2]) to be most easily implemented in the traditional approach involving the creation of a high-temperature plasma, since this reaction has the lowest "ignition temperature". However, the proposed method and device, as already noted, are completely free from problems associated with plasma. Therefore, when they are implemented, there are no obstacles to the use of other reactions, including reactions (4) and (5), which do not require the use and reproduction of tritium and do not create problems with inhibition and conversion of neutron energy and protection from them.

The energy released during the operation of the proposed device in accordance with the proposed method can be used for utilitarian purposes by known methods developed in relation to other developed ways of conducting a controlled thermonuclear reaction. For example, there are known means for directly converting the energy of charged particles, in particular α-particles, which are He ⁴ helium nuclei arising in reactions (3) - (5), into electrical energy (see, for example, US Pat. No. 7,417,356 [12] published on 08.26.2008). Despite the fact that the use of such means requires the solution of the problem of their conjugation with the proposed device, it is necessary to emphasize once again the promise of using combinations of injected ions used in reactions (5) and (6). Neutrons do not arise in these reactions, and at the same time, for them, under the conditions of the proposed method and device, the higher “ignition temperature” is not a significant disadvantage.

An advantageous area of practical use of the proposed inventions is experimental research in the field of thermonuclear energy.

Information sources

1. E.P. Velikhov, S.V. Putvinsky. Thermonuclear energy. Status and role in the long run. Report dated 10/22/1999 made within the framework of the Energy Center of the World Federation of Scientists (http://thermonuclear.narod.ru/revhtm#vp).

2. M. Hegler, M. Critiansen. Introduction to controlled thermonuclear fusion. Moscow, ed. "MIR", 1980, 232 p.

3. Nuclear fusion with inertial confinement. Current status and prospects for energy. Ed. B.Yu. Sharkova. Moscow, FIZMATLIT, 2005, 264 p.

4. RF patent for the invention No. 2237297, publ. 08/28/2002.

5. M.A. Kumakhov. Radiation of channeled particles in crystals. Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1986, 161 p.

6. RF patent for utility model No. 46111, publ. 06/10/2005.

7. Canadian Patent No. 987035, publ. 06/06/1976.

8. UK patent No. 1422545, publ. 01/28/1976.

9. US patent No. 4788024, publ. 11/29/1988.

10. US Patent No. 5034183, publ. 07/23/1991.

11. RF patent for the invention No. 2462009, publ. 09/20/2012.

12. US patent No. 7417356, publ. 08/26/2008.

Claims (8)

1. A method for conducting a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, in which accelerated ions of light elements are injected into an evacuated annular channel with a wall made of material capable of electrification, having a longitudinal axis in the form of a convex smooth line, while creating two beams of these ions moving in the specified channel in the same or opposite directions, and transport the ions of these beams with multiple passage of the specified channel in the direction of its longitudinal axial line, o providing this possibility of their interaction with the fusion of nuclei anywhere in the common for both of these beams part of the inner space of the specified channel, characterized in that they use the specified channel, equipped with an electrically conductive shell adjacent to the outer surface of its wall or an electrically conductive coating deposited on this surface, to which potential inducing a positive charge on the inner surface of the wall of the specified channel with the receipt of a potential barrier exceeding the greatest energy Gia injected ions in it. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when injecting accelerated ions of light elements into the specified channel, deuterium D ions are used to create both of these beams, or deuterium D ions are used to create one of these two beams and tritium ions T are used to create the other beam or deuterium ions D to generate one of said two beams and helium ions, He ³ - to create another beam or hydrogen ions H to generate one of said two beams and lithium ions Li ⁶ - to create another beam. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further carry out the capture of ions that can be released from the material of the wall of the specified channel using an electrically conductive mesh placed in the specified channel near the inner surface of its wall without contact with it, while a potential is applied to said grid, causing a local change in the potential distribution in the lumen of said channel with the formation of a gap in the gap between said grid and the inner surface of the wall. 4. Device for conducting a controlled nuclear fusion reaction, comprising a vacuum annular channel with a wall made of material capable of electrification, having a longitudinal axis in the form of a convex smooth line, and two injectors of accelerated ions of light elements installed with the possibility of introducing these ions in the same or opposite directions, characterized in that said channel is provided with an electrically conductive shell adjacent to its outer surface or deposited on this surface electrically conductive coating, which is an electrode for connecting to an external voltage source. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises an electrically conductive grid installed in the specified channel near the inner surface of its wall without touching it and which is an additional electrode for connecting to an external voltage source. 6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said channel is made with a longitudinal axis in the form of a circle. 7. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the said channel in the cross section is round. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that said channel is made with a longitudinal axis in the form of a circle.

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