RU2542322C2 - Permanent magnet machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electric engineering, to electric machines with permanent magnets. Permanent magnet machine comprises stator made at least of two flat-topped imbricated cores that form inner rectangular cavity with windings placed in it and outputs of these windings are fixed at one of the cores and oriented towards the rectifier. On the other core there is a gap for placement of control system in it. The control system represents a closed imbricated core placed perpendicular to the stator in a cut of the flat-topped core where at least two windings are mounted, at that one of the windings is connected to a standard direct-current source while the other is connected to alternating-current source.

EFFECT: improvement of efficiency factor.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power engineering, and in particular to engines and generators containing permanent magnets in the structure, namely to magnetoelectric power generators with the presence of permanent magnets.

Known magnetoelectric disk machine, comprising a stator and a rotor located on the shaft. The body of a fixed stator consists of at least 4 disks made of durable insulating non-magnetic material, on which n "P" -shaped charged magnetic circuits with windings connected in parallel to each other and evenly distributed around the circumference of the stator disk are installed along the inner diameter d. The rotor is made of non-magnetic material of at least 2 disks, one of which is offset relative to the other by an angle of 45 °. On the rotor disk, holes are made in the form of slots of sizes I and I ₁ , in which working bodies (magnets) are placed, located around the circumference of the rotor at a diameter d, and are equidistant from the shaft axis and from each other. The number and size of slots I, I ₁ depend on the number and size of magnets used in each case. Magnets can be made, for example, of magnetic alloys of rare-earth elements based on alloys of Nd, Fe, B, Cm, Co. [Patent RU No. 116714, H02K 21/24, publication date 05.27.2012].

The disadvantage of this design is the presence of a movable rotor, which leads to additional mechanical wear and increased power loss.

The closest device for the same purpose in terms of features is an electromagnetic machine [US Patent No. 6362718 B1, Mar.26, 2002], the electromagnetic generator of which is made without moving parts and consists of a stationary magnet, as well as two "P" -shaped magnetic circuits. The first input winding and the first output winding are located on the same magnetic circuit, and the second input winding and the second output winding are located on the other magnetic circuit. The input windings are a control system and create an alternating pulsating magnetic flux to provide current pulses in the output coils. The movement of magnetic flux through each of the input coils reduces the level of flux from a permanent magnet in the magnetic circuit.

The disadvantage of these designs is the location of the input and output windings on one magnetic circuit, which leads to a weakening of the working magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit and, as a result, a decrease in the induced EMF at the output windings of the generator.

The task of the invention is to increase the EMF at the output of the generator by improving the design.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that the magnetoelectric machine, which has two fixed parts: a stator made of at least two "P" -shaped charged magnetic circuits, one of which has two windings, the outputs of which are directed to the rectifier, and another made a gap designed to accommodate the control system. The control system is a closed lined magnetic core made of amorphous iron (for example, MM-3Co or MM-5Co alloy, saturation induction 0.4-0.5 T, magnetic permeability 40000-160000), located perpendicular to the stator and located in the gap P -shaped lined magnetic circuit. At least two windings are located on a closed lined magnetic circuit, one of which is connected to a standard direct current source (for example, Sorensen XFR series sources), and the other is connected to an alternating current source (for example, EA-ACP regulated alternating voltage source).

Inside the U-shaped lined magnetic circuit there is at least one permanent magnet made on the basis of an alloy of rare-earth metals, for example fenibor.

Figure 1 shows the design of the proposed magnetoelectric generator.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the magnetic permeability μ on the magnetic field H. Figure 2 μ _m is the magnetic permeability of the closed charge magnetic circuit 5 of the control system, and μ _n is the magnetic permeability of the charge closed magnetic circuit 3 at point n.

Figure 3 presents the short circuit paths of the working magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 8, the magnetoelectric generator P ₁ and P ₂ in two different modes of operation depending on the value of the magnetic permeability of the closed charge section of the magnetic circuit 5 of the control system of Fig. 3 (b, d), and also presents the resulting magnetic flux Φ in a closed lined magnetic circuit with different directions of the magnetic flux generated by the winding 7 Φ _m sin (ωt) Figure 3 (a, c).

Figure 3b shows the direction P _{1 of the} magnetic flux of the magnetoelectric generator for μ _m > μ _n ;

Fig. 3g shows the direction P _{2 of the} magnetic flux of a magnetoelectric generator with μ _m <μ _n .

Figure 4 presents the General functional diagram of the magnetoelectric generator.

The magnetoelectric machine contains a stator made of at least two "P" -shaped lined magnetic circuits 1 and 2, one of which has two windings 3 and 4, the terminals of which are connected to the rectifier, and the gap is made on the other to accommodate it control systems. The control system located in the gap of the “P” -shaped lined magnetic circuit is a closed lined magnetic circuit 5 with windings 6 and 7, one of which is connected to a direct current source, and the other to an alternating current source. At least one permanent magnet 8, made on the basis of an alloy of rare-earth metals, for example fenibor, is located inside the region formed by the “P” -shaped charged magnetic circuits 1 and 2.

The device operates as follows.

One of the windings of the control system is connected to the DC power source, for example, 6. A closed lined magnetic circuit 5 is saturated with the generated magnetic flux Φ ₀ . As the current in the winding 6 increases, the magnetic flux Φ ₀ increases, closing through a closed chargeable magnetic circuit 5. Due to the small saturation value of amorphous iron from which the closed chargeable magnetic circuit 5 is made (less than 0.6 T), the closed chargeable magnetic circuit 5 is saturated with a magnetic flux Φ ₀ . Another winding of the control system, for example, 7 is connected to an alternating current source, the resulting magnetic flux "F" inside a closed lined magnetic circuit changes according to a given sinusoidal law:

$$\Phi ={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="0"\; label="\Phi "\; filenames="00000004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">\Phi </figure-callout>}}_0\pm {\Phi }_m\sin \left(\omega t\right),gde\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

Φ is the resulting magnetic flux;

Φ ₀ is the constant component of the magnetic flux;

Φ _m is the amplitude value of the variable component of the magnetic flux.

The magnetic permeability of the portion of the closed lined magnetic circuit 5 of the control system located in the gap of the “P” shaped lined magnetic circuit 1 varies, for example, from 10 to 50. With a positive value of sin (ωt) due to the summation of the fluxes Φ ₀ and Φ _m sin (ωt ) created by the windings 6 and 7, the resulting magnetic flux Φ in the closed lined magnetic circuit 5 increases and the magnetic permeability inside the gap decreases. With a negative value of sin (ωt), the magnetic flux generated by the winding 7, Φ _m sin (ωt) is subtracted from the magnetic flux Φ ₀ created by the winding 6, therefore, the resulting flux to the closed chargeed magnetic core 5 decreases, which leads to an increase in the magnetic permeability in the gap P "-shaped charged magnetic core 1.

The magnetic permeability of the closed charge magnetic core 3 at point n is µ _n . With an increase in the flux in a closed chargeable magnetic circuit 5, the magnetic permeability of a portion of a closed charged magnetic conductor μ _m located in the gap decreases, and with a decrease in the resulting flux Φ, the magnetic permeability of a portion of a closed charged magnetic conductor increases.

Thus, if μ _m> μ _n, most of the magnetic flux generated by the formed U-shaped permanent magnet 8 placed inside the rectangular region of the stacked magnetic cores 1 and 2 are closed through the portion of the closed laminations of the magnetic circuit 5, a control system, which is arranged in the gap U-shaped magnetic circuit along the path P1 (figure 3, a, b).

If µ _m <µ _n , then most of the magnetic flux closes through the magnetic circuit 2, on which the windings 3 and 4 are located along the path P2 (Fig. 3, b, d).

When changing the magnetic flux penetrating the turns of windings 3 and 4, in accordance with the law of electromagnetic induction, EMF appears in windings 3 and 4.

When a consumer is connected to a magnetoelectric generator (not shown), it is necessary to obtain an alternating output voltage with the specified parameters; for this purpose, a PU 9 converter device including a voltage filter and a rectifier, as well as an autonomous voltage inverter AIN 10, is used to obtain an alternating output voltage with the given parameters (Figure 4). The conclusions of windings 3 and 4 are connected to the control unit PU 9 with a filter and a rectifier, and the output of the control unit PU 9 is connected to the input of an autonomous voltage inverter AIN 10, the output of which is formed with the specified parameters, for example, voltage with industrial network parameters (frequency 50 Hz , rated voltage 220 V).

The advantage of this design is the ability to connect additional stators, the flow of which can be changed by one control system. The design of additional stators is identical to that considered. Additional stators are located on different sides of one closed loop control system.

In addition, the magnetoelectric generator does not contain rotating parts, which allows to increase the efficiency of the magnetoelectric disk machine as a whole and to ensure the maximum value of the power factor, and the placement of the windings of the control system on a separate magnetic circuit can significantly increase the working magnetic flux and, as a result, increase the EMF.

Claims (1)

A magnetoelectric machine containing a stator made of at least two "P" -shaped charged magnetic circuits forming an internal rectangular cavity on which windings are located, characterized in that two windings are fixed on one of the "P" -shaped charged magnetic circuits, the outputs of which are directed to the rectifier, and a gap is made on the other of the magnetic cores, designed to accommodate a control system in it, which is a closed lined magnetic circuit with windings, one of which One to the DC power source, and the other - to the source of alternating current, wherein the inner rectangular cavity formed "U" -shaped laminated magnetic cores, arranged at least one permanent magnet.

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