RU2541481C1 - Exhaust gases muffler-cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: exhaust gases muffler-cleaner of the internal-combustion engine contains casing with diffuser and confusor with input and exhaust branches, filtering insert, sludge pan. Inside the casing downstream the input branch with the transient diffuser the confusor is installed with reflecting face wall, having design out of reverse and straight truncated cones, which side cylindrical surface is perforated. Inside the confusor the guide branch is installed with perforated windows in the front part. Downstream the confusor the net-shaped electrodes of the polarisation field are installed; the filed has DC voltage at least 14 kV, after it the filtering element is installed. The filtering element contains the vertically installed parallel plates inside which the wire electrodes of corona discharge are tensioned, they are provided with DC voltage at least 7 kV. After the filer the filtering insert is located, it is package of yarn wire coated with precious metals.

EFFECT: increased service life of the muffler-cleaner, simplified servicing and repair, increased efficiency of gas cleaning and noise suppression generated by the exhaust gases, decreased resistance of gases movement.

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Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, to devices for damping noise and purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine.

A comprehensive exhaust silencer-cleaner is known, including a housing equipped with a diffuser and a confuser with inlet and outlet nozzles, a removable cover, a filter insert consisting of flat, zigzag and conical perforated casings interconnected to form between them and the inner surface of the body, diffuser , a confuser and a removable lid of the cavity, while between the flat perforated casings of the lid and the bottom of the housing are installed, in contact with them and parallel to the movement of exhaust scratch, vertical zigzag containers with perforated walls forming a zigzag between the gas passages and said cavity and zigzag containers filled slag pumice granules made from metallurgical slag basicity module M> 1 and pellet diameter of 5 to 10 mm. The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of an integrated exhaust muffler-cleaner. (Patent RU No. 2465471, IPC F01N 3/08, publ. October 27, 2012).

The disadvantages of this invention are the difficulty of manufacturing the curved generatrices of the gas flow channel and the inability to replace or clean the filler containers when it is dirty.

The disadvantages of this invention include the impossibility of cleaning absorbent material and a low degree of damping of noise.

Also known is a particle separator, a silencer for an exhaust system, and a method for separating particles from an exhaust stream of an internal engine, in which a predetermined number of flow cells are formed in the particle separator, which are configured to enter and / or exit an exhaust stream through the wall zone of the corresponding flow cell, lateral relative to the main direction (x) of the flow, in which at least one storage volume is formed for the deposition of particles from the flow gases, while the deposition and intermediate storage of particles occurs in the storage volumes formed by the flow cell itself and separated from the flow in the flow cell, adjacent flow cells are connected in a flow and have at least one common passage opening, in particular, thus that this common passageway forms an inlet for one flow cell, and an outlet for an adjacent, other flow cell. A silencer for an exhaust system is also known, in which there is one particle separator and a method for separating particles from an exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine.

The disadvantages of this invention are the low degree of purification of exhaust gases, the complexity of manufacturing, a high resistance to gas flow and a low degree of noise suppression (Patent RU No. 2425990, IPC F01N 3/038, F01N 3/022, published on 08/10/2011).

Closest to the claimed is a method of cleaning exhaust gases and a device for its implementation. A method for purifying exhaust gases involves passing exhaust gases through the first row of corona electrodes, where they are saturated with negative ions, passing through a second row of corona electrodes charged positively in activated carbon to clean heavy impurities and charge them with aero ions, then mix with the outside air coming in through the holes in the body of the device mounted on the exhaust pipe, with the formation of carbon dioxide, and pass through the third row of corona electrodes from the negative significant charge installed after activated carbon, where they are saturated with ions (Patent RU No. 2455501, IPC F01N 3/01; B03C 9/00, B09B 35/06, published on 12/10/2011). The invention improves the efficiency of purification of exhaust gases a car.

The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity of manufacturing, increased resistance to exhaust gases in the device. The device does not provide noise suppression and neutralization of toxic components.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the service life of the muffler-cleaner, simplifying maintenance and repair, increasing the efficiency of gas cleaning and damping noise generated by exhaust gases, reducing the resistance to gas movement.

The technical result of the claimed silencer-cleaner of the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine is achieved by the fact that inside its body there is a confuser for dispersing the noise effect, behind which there are mesh electrodes of the field for ionization of exhaust gases and a filter element based on corona discharge, behind which there is a catalytic converter from a packet of wire-rope covered with precious metals.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the device muffler-converter.

Figure 2 presents the filter element.

In Fig. 1, the silencer-cleaner comprises a housing 1 with a diffuser 2 and embarrassment 4 with an outlet 3 and an outlet 9 nozzles, a filter insert 8, a dirt collector 10. Inside the housing 1, behind the inlet nozzle 3 having an adapter diffuser 2, there is a confuser 4 with a reflective front a wall representing a construction of reverse and direct truncated cones, the lateral cylindrical surface of which has perforation, and a guide pipe 5 is installed inside it, with perforation windows in the front part, mesh electrodes are located behind the confuser 4 6 of a polarizing field having a constant voltage of at least 14 kV, behind which a filter element 7 is fixed, consisting of vertically arranged parallel plates 12 (FIG. 2) inside of which corona discharge electrodes 11 are pulled, to which a constant voltage of at least 7 kV is applied, a filter insert 8 is installed behind the filter (Fig. 1) - a packet of wire-wire, coated with noble metals.

Silencer cleaner works as follows. The exhaust gases from the engine pass sequentially into the inlet pipe 3, the diffuser 2, where they expand, and are divided into two directions. Part of the gas enters the cavity of the confuser 4, the other through the guide pipe 5 through the perforation windows - onto the conical surface of the front wall of the confuser 4, reflected from its surface, meet the gases coming through the diffuser 2, reducing their kinetic energy, smoothing out gas vibrations. Subsequently, the gases pass through the perforations of the side surface of the confuser 4, enter the grid electrodes 6 of the polarizing field, where the soot components and other impurities are polarized, which are subsequently deposited on the plates of the filter element 7. The remaining gases pass through the filter insert 8 from the wire-strand surface doped with a catalyst, for example platinum, palladium, which has a catalytic effect on the exhaust gases released during exothermic oxidation reactions heat, as well as the heat of hot exhaust gases, heating the catalytically active element, enhances the ongoing reactions of catalytic oxidation of exhaust components, purifying them from toxic components. The cleaned exhaust gas stream is discharged through the exhaust pipe 9 into the atmosphere. During the movement of the vehicle, a layer of soot and dirt from the surface of the plates of the filter element enters the dirt collector 10. The dirt accumulated in the dirt collector 10 is removed by opening the dirt collector cover.

The proposed device provides an effective reduction in engine exhaust noise by reducing resistance to exhaust gases, provides high-quality filtering of soot components and other impurities, and also provides catalytic purification of toxic components.

Claims (1)

An exhaust muffler for an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing with a diffuser and a confuser with inlet and outlet nozzles, a filter insert, a dirt collector, characterized in that a confuser with a reflective front wall representing a structure of reverse and direct truncated cones, the lateral cylindrical surface of which has perforation, and a guide pipe is installed inside it, with perforation windows in the front hour Thus, behind the confuser there are grid electrodes of a polarizing field having a constant voltage of at least 14 kV, behind which there is a filter element consisting of vertically arranged parallel plates, inside of which corona discharge electrodes are pulled, to which a constant voltage of at least 7 kV is applied, for a filter insert is installed in the filter - a packet of wire-wire, coated with noble metals.

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