RU2540935C1 - Electrical seismic vibrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: disclosed is an electrical seismic vibrator, which comprises a base plate with ground lugs, an inertial mass, an electrodynamic power pulse former, shock-absorbers and a power pulse hydraulic transformer. The electrodynamic power pulse former is in the form of a shell-type power transformer with a primary winding on the middle core, and the secondary power winding is in the form of a rectangular short-circuited current-conducting coil. The rectangular short-circuited current-conducting coil is supported through its lower end by a non-current conducting plate, which is placed on a power platform a small-diameter hydraulic-cylinder rod with a small-diameter piston. The small-diameter hydraulic cylinder is placed on a large-diameter hydraulic cylinder. The cavity between the pistons is filled with a high-pressure hydraulic fluid. The radiating platform is provided with hollow bars placed in the inertial mass, inside of which the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder is attached in the lower part, and the magnetic core of the shell-type power amplifier is attached in the upper part. The magnetic core with the primary coil and the short-circuited current-conducting coil is filled with a liquid coolant. The inertial mass in the lower and upper parts is provided with shock-absorbers and dampers.

EFFECT: high efficiency of the seismic vibrator owing to improved frequency and amplitude characteristics of the generated vibrations.

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Description

The invention relates to non-explosive vibrational and pulsed seismic engineering, namely to pulsed exciters of seismic vibrations with regulation and stabilization of the amplitude of the forced forces, their duration, frequency and direction of longitudinal - P and transverse - S seismic waves with high accuracy of synchronization of several pathogens.

Known electrical source [Theory and practice of land-based non-explosive seismic exploration / Edited by MB Schneerson. - M .: Nedra Publishing House OJSC, 1998. - 527 p.: Pp. 315-318]. An electrical seismic source consists of a radiating platform on which eight centrifugal unbalanced vibration exciters with drive motors are installed, which can rotate synchronously and create an alternating driving force oriented by special signals from a control system controlled by a common synchronous generator connected to a direct current motor connected to an adjustable thyristor converter . The voltage of this converter determines the rotation speed of the DC motor armature, which determines the frequency of the output voltage of the synchronous generator and, accordingly, the rotation frequency and the frequency of mechanical vibrations of unbalanced vibration exciters.

Such an electro-seismic source has a rather complicated design, low reliability and creates low-frequency oscillations with a small disturbing force.

Also known electrical source (prototype) [RF patent No. 2171478, Detkov V.A., Ivashin V.V., Pevchev V.P., Bull. No. 21, 2001], comprising a radiating plate equipped with struts with a traverse, on which the anchor of the electromagnetic exciter of the force created by turning on the stator with coils is attached to the bottom, the stator has an air gap with an anchor and is fastened from below with an inert mass laid freely on the radiating a platform. The electromagnet coils are connected through a thyristor to a capacitive energy storage device charged from a special charger. When a control pulse is applied to the power thyristor, the capacitor of the energy storage, discharging to the stator coils of the electromagnet, creates a magnetic flux in it, which creates the traction force in the anchor, which is transmitted through the racks to the emitting platform.

Due to the large masses of the armature, traverse, racks, radiating platforms, the attached mass of soil under the platform, and the fundamentally large inductance of the electromagnet coils, it is impossible to obtain large radiated frequencies of seismic oscillations, their amplitudes of efforts and regulation of durations, and oscillations are created in only one direction - longitudinal P-type waves. All this indicates the low efficiency of the electrical source according to the prototype scheme.

The objective of the invention is to increase the frequency properties, increase the amplitude of the oscillation forces, provide adjustment of their durations while improving energy performance, switching accuracy and matching large movements of the pathogen of the oscillation forces with a small required movement of the emitting platform.

This problem is achieved by the fact that an electrical seismic source containing a radiating plate with lugs, an inert mass, an electrodynamic power pulse shaper, shock absorbers, a hydraulic power pulse transformer is introduced, and a power pulse shaper is made in the form of an electrodynamic power pulse shaper with a power armored transformer with a primary winding on the middle rod, and the secondary power winding of this armored transformer is made in the form of a rectangular short-circuited of a conductive coil placed movably in the gaps of the lower part of the magnetic circuit of this power armored transformer, and this rectangular short-circuited conductive coil is supported with its lower end on a non-conductive plate, which is laid on a power platform with a smaller diameter cylinder rod and a smaller diameter piston, this smaller diameter cylinder on a hydraulic cylinder of a larger diameter, the cavity between these pistons is filled with high-pressure hydraulic fluid, the lower plane of the piston b of a larger diameter with its rod is rigidly connected to a radiating plate with rectangular triangular lugs, the radiating platform is equipped with hollow rods placed in an inert mass, inside of which a large diameter hydraulic cylinder is fixed at the bottom, and a magnetic armored transformer magnetic circuit is fixed at the top, a non-conductive plate with a power the platform is equipped with seals with respect to an inert mass, the magnetic circuit with a primary coil and a short-circuited conductive coil are streamlined cooling liquid, the inert mass in the lower and upper parts is equipped with shock absorbers made in the form of high-pressure hydraulic hoses filled with liquid under pressure, in addition, the inert mass is equipped with dampers connected to the radiating plate pressed to the ground through an elastic element by the weight of the transport vehicle, the primary winding of the power armor the transformer is connected to a power driver of bipolar current pulses with a capacitive storage of electrical energy.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the proposed electrical seismic source in working condition. Figure 2 shows the forces of the P-wave, S-wave and their total force from n lugs.

The electric seismic source (Fig. 1) contains a radiating plate 1 with lugs 2 with elastic elements 3, through which the weight of the vehicle, the emitting platform 1 through lugs 2 is pre-elastically pressed to the ground at the site of the seismic action. The radiating platform in its upper part has rods 4, 5, in which the inert mass 6 freely moves, which is laid with its lower part through the elastic elements 3 on the radiating platform, and the top of this inert mass through the same elastic elements 7 is pressed against the beam 8, rigidly fastened with the upper ends of the tubular rods 4, 5. These rods are four pieces at the corners of an inert mass. The elastic elements 3, 7 through the check valves 9, 10 are filled with air or high pressure liquid.

In the middle part of the inert mass, a magnetic circuit is fixed motionless relative to it with a middle 11, side 12, 13, upper 14 and lower 15 rods. The primary winding 17 is placed in the formed window 16. The magnetic circuit is drawn from Ш-shaped plates of sheet electrical steel, forming an armored system (armored single-phase transformer). This primary winding through the current lead 18 is connected to a high-speed transistor inverter with pulse-width control (not shown in Fig. 1).

In the air gaps of the lower rod 15, a movable power short-circuited rectangular conductive coil 19 is placed, which, with its lower end, rests on the dielectric plate 20, on which the lower 15 of the magnetic circuit is supported movably. This dielectric plate with its lower part is laid on the power-transmitting plate 21. The dielectric plate 20 and the power-transmitting plate 21 move movably with seals inside the inert mass 6. The power-transmitting plate 21 in its lower part is equipped with a hollow stem 22 with a piston 32 of small diameter in the hydraulic cylinder 24 of small diameter. This small-diameter hydraulic cylinder 24 is laid on a large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 25 with a large-diameter piston 26, the lower plane of which is connected through the hollow stem 27 to the radiating platform 1. The lower end of the large-diameter hydraulic cylinder 25, together with the lower part of the inert mass, are laid on elastic elements 3. Inert mass through the shock absorbers 28 it is connected with the radiating platform 1. The cavity 30 formed (Fig. 1) between the small diameter piston 23 and the large diameter piston 26 is filled with a special hydraulic oil through the check valve 31, cavity 16 formed in the yoke is filled with coolant pumped through the nozzles 32, 33 a special oil pump.

When voltage is applied to the current path 18 in the magnetic circuit 14, a magnetic flux 36 is created, which interacts with the induced current in the winding 19, creating a repulsive force 34 on the plate 20 and then sequentially on the elements 21, 22, 23 and through the cavity 30, the piston 26, the rod 27 on the radiating plate 1, which is equipped with lugs 2, resting on the soil, brought into elastic state through the elastic elements 35 of the lifting mechanism of the transport machine (not shown).

Figure 2 shows the formation of P-forces 36 of the longitudinal wave and S-forces (shear wave) 37 and the total pulse force 38.

Such efforts in terms of the number of grousers - n.

Electrical seismic source works as follows.

When installing a vehicle with an electric seismic source at the site of seismic impact by its control system, the launching device lowers to the radiation point, and through the elastic elements 3 the radiating plate 1 weighs the vehicle through the elastic interchanges 35 with the lugs 2 and is pressed to the ground. The lugs are made in cross section in the form of rectangular triangles with equal legs. In this case, the hypotenuses of these triangles are laid on the ground, and the generated vertical (P-waves) and horizontal (S-waves) will be the same, which corresponds to the coefficient of adhesion of tracked tractors and tanks to the ground to prevent their slipping. Such a design scheme, in addition to the simultaneous formation of seismic waves of the same magnitude of P and S, additionally increases the resulting contact area of the emitting platform with the soil by a factor of √2, which also leads to a decrease in the specific pressure of the source on the ground.

At the initial moment before the seismic oscillation session in the ground, several preliminary connections of the electrical seismic source with a high-current and high-speed power supply through the current lead 18 to the primary winding of the electrodynamic force former with an armored magnetic core with rods 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 are carried out. The current generated in this coil 17 with the indicated in figure 1, the direction creates a magnetic flux 36 in the magnetic circuit, which, due to the known electrodynamic effect, creates a current in the short-circuited coil 19 of the decree direction, creating in this coil the total force 34 in accordance with the ratio:

f ₀ = Bli ₀ sinωt,

where B is the magnetic induction in the gap of the magnetic circuit (T);

l is the total length of the movable coil 19 (m);

i ₀ sinωt is the current pulse flowing in the coil 19 (A).

Since the length of the coil does not change, and the magnetic field is proportional to the current of the primary coil, which is transformed into a short-circuited coil 19 in accordance with the ratio

i ₁ w ₁ = i ₂ w ₂ ,

where i ₁ is the current in the primary winding (A),

w ₁ - the number of turns in the winding 17 (w),

i ₂ - current in coil 19 (A),

w ₂ - the number of turns in the winding 19 (1),

then, with a current in the coil of 19 to 20 kA, an induction of 2.5 T and a coil length of 1 m, the electrodynamic force can reach 50,000 N (5 tf), which with a transformation coefficient of 200 (w ₁ / w ₂ ) and an increased magnetization current of 3 -5 times larger due to the air gap determined by the thickness of coil 19, gives a current value in the winding 17 of about 1 kA, which is 4-5 times less than the currents generated in the electrical source of the prototype, while the current density in the winding 17 and the coil 19 is 5-10 times less than the densities in the prototype coils.

The created mechanical force 34 of the low-mass coil 19 acts on the dielectric power-transmitting plate 20, which then acts on the power platform 21, which is rigidly connected by the hollow rod 22 to the small-diameter piston 23 placed in the small-diameter hydraulic cylinder 24, and then rigidly mounted on the large-sized hydraulic cylinder 25 diameter with a large diameter piston 26 with a rod 27 rigidly connected to a lightweight radiating plate 1 provided with lightweight rectangular transverse lugs 2.

Between the piston 23 of small diameter and the piston of large diameter 26, the formed cavity 30 through the fitting with the check valve 31 is filled under excess pressure with a special hydraulic fluid (oil).

The created force 34 through the platforms 20, 21 with seals relative to an inert mass 6 through the rod 22 and the piston 23 is transmitted through the fluid of the cavity 30 to the piston 26, which, in accordance with Pascal’s law, acts

F ₂₆ X ₂₆ = F ₂₃ X ₂₃ .

This force F ₂₆ at the same occurring excess pressure in the cavity 30, determined by the force 34 and the area of the piston 23, will be equal to

, $$F_{26}=F_{23}\frac{S_{26}}{S_{23}}$$

,

where S ₂₆ is the area of the upper end of the piston 26 (cm ² );

S ₂₃ - the area of the lower end of the piston 23 (cm ² ),

and the ratio

$$\frac{S_{26}}{S_{23}}=K_T$$

where K _T is the transformation coefficient formed from hydraulic cylinders 24 and 25.

Then, with a piston diameter of 23-5 cm and a piston diameter of 26-20 cm, we obtain the coefficient K _T = 10 and with a created pressure of 200 atm with a force of 34 to 5 ton-force, we obtain a piston force of 26 to 50 ton-force, which is almost completely transmitted with a small mass of the radiating plate 1 through the lugs into the pre-stressed soil through elasticity 35.

This resulting force is more than 10 times due to the small attached masses more than in electrical seismic sources, especially since the inert mass of the proposed electrical seismic source moves in lightweight hollow rods 4 with a lightweight traverse 8. To facilitate the mass of these elements, they can be made of lightweight aluminum or titanium alloys.

This embodiment of the electrical seismic source with torque converter provides the best coordination of relatively large displacements of the power coil 19 (15-20 mm) in a small movement of the piston 26 with the emitting platform 1 (1.5-2 mm), which ensures the preservation of the soil in the place of seismic emission, and depending on the types of soil, the area of the platform 1 can be replaced, and then its specific pressure on the soil can be from 0.25 to 1.5-2 kgf / cm ² (from 0.025 to 0.1-0.2 MPa), which is significantly will increase the efficiency of seismic surveys, especially during operations in winter conditions in the North of the Russian Federation, when specific ground pressures can be brought up to 0.25-0.5 MPa.

This design of the electric seismic source when filling cavities 16 with coolant and pumping it through fittings 32 and 33 with an oil pump with a cooling system makes it possible to work in a wide frequency range of 5-150 Hz, which is especially important for high-resolution seismic surveys. In this case, the elastic elements 3, 7, made on the hydraulic hoses of high pressure, through the fittings 10, 19 are filled with hydraulic fluid.

During low-frequency operations (1 operation in 6 seconds), the electrical source is additionally equipped with shock absorbers 28.

For the operation of the source on longitudinal-transverse waves, it is equipped with a radiating plate 1 with lightweight hollow lugs 2.

The formation of the P (36) and S (37) forces is shown in Fig. 2 with a total force of 38. The dimensions of the lugs are selected depending on the types of soil, usually with sides of the legs 0.25-0.3 m.

Such a design of electrical seismic sources will provide large (desired) generated forces with the formation of the required durations by modern adjustable high-speed transistor inverters with pulse-width modulation, providing switching accuracy (synchronization) of up to 100 ns (0.1 · 10 ^-6 sec), which is not a single one the seismic source did not provide earlier.

An electric seismic source provides operation on conventional power supply from an industrial power supply network of 3 × 380 × 50 Hz, when the amplitude of the supply voltage does not exceed 500 V (DC voltage), which makes it possible to work from modern electric autonomous batteries, when, for example, a rechargeable battery of 380 Ah (500 C) ensure the operation of a pulsed seismic source with an amplitude of effort of 200-400 tf (2000-4000 kN) for several shifts, which is especially important when working in the northern conditions of the Russian Federation.

The proposed electrical seismic source has increased frequency properties, increased amplitudes of the oscillation forces, it is possible to adjust their durations while improving energy indicators, switching accuracy and matching large movements of the pathogen of oscillation forces with a small required movement of the radiating plate.

Claims (1)

An electrical seismic source containing a radiating plate with lugs, an inert mass, a power pulse shaper, shock absorbers, characterized in that a hydraulic power pulse transformer is introduced into the electric seismic source, and a power pulse shaper in the form of an electrodynamic power pulse shaper with a power armored transformer with a primary winding on the middle rod, and the secondary power winding of this armored transformer is made in the form of a rectangular short-circuited conductive coil placed movably in the gaps of the lower part of the magnetic circuit of this power armored transformer with the possibility of movement, this rectangular short-circuited conductive coil with its lower end is supported on a non-conductive plate, which is laid on the power platform of the hydraulic power pulse transformer, made in the form of a smaller diameter hydraulic cylinder rod with a piston of a smaller diameter , this hydraulic cylinder of a smaller diameter is located on the hydraulic cylinder of a larger diameter, the cavity between these pistons is filled and with a high-pressure hydraulic fluid, the lower plane of the large-diameter piston is firmly connected with its stem to a radiating platform with rectangular, triangular-shaped lugs, a radiating plate with hollow rods placed in an inert mass, inside of which a large-diameter hydraulic cylinder is fixed in the lower part and a magnetic circuit is fixed in the upper part armored power transformer, non-conductive plate of the power platform are equipped with seals with respect to inert mass, magnetic circuit of armored transform tori with a primary coil and a short-circuited conductive coil are surrounded by coolant, the inert mass in the lower and upper parts is equipped with shock absorbers made in the form of high-pressure hydraulic hoses filled with liquid under pressure, in addition, the inert mass is equipped with dampers connected to the radiating plate pressed against to the ground through an elastic element by the weight of a transport vehicle, the primary winding of a power armored transformer is connected to a power driver of bipolar current pulses with capacitive capacitance Pitel electrical energy.

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