RU2540910C1 - Method of determining level of functional fitness - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sports.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of physical culture and can be used to determine the level of functional fitness of athletes. The level of functional fitness of athletes is determined, to do this: they run multiple equal-length segments with ever-increasing speed and control of heart rate after each of them. A graph is plotted in the coordinates: axis X - running speed, m/sec; the axis Y - heart rate, beats/minute, between the points obtained the straight line is made and by the formula $$A=\frac{y-B}{x}$$

the coefficient A is calculated, which is the angle of inclination of line y=AX+B, characterising the real functional state of the testee at the time of testing, depending only on the transport of oxygen to the working muscles, and the coefficient B which indicates the minimum value of resting heart rate, restoration of the testee, its general state and ability to perceive the subsequent load.

EFFECT: method enables to determine heart rate and running speed in a mixed aerobic-anaerobic zone, to assess numerically the level of functional and physical fitness of the testee by evaluating of the functional parameters and plotting the graph of functional state.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of physical education and can be used to determine the level of functional fitness of athletes.

The most common ways to assess the quality of functional training of athletes are methods based on measuring their heart rate (HR) immediately after any motor load [Athletics, 2nd edition, under the general ed. N.G. Ozolina and D.P. Markov, publishing house "Physical Culture and Sports", M., 1972, 671 p.].

However, these methods have a large measurement error (especially for manual measurement with a stopwatch), they are subjective, they only note the changes that occur with the athletes in their body.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method for determining functional fitness, when an athlete on a treadmill without stopping it sequentially runs several time-fixed segments (for example, three minutes) with an ever-increasing running speed (Conconi test) [Poptsov V. Some aspects of sports physiology in relation to endurance sports / in the journal. Cross-country skiing, No. 1 (7), 1998].

However, carrying out the test using a treadmill is technically difficult, it can only be used in stationary conditions and for a narrow circle of highly qualified athletes.

The objective of the invention: to develop a simple, not requiring complex hardware design, effective and non-invasive way to determine the level of functional readiness that any trainer could use in any conditions.

The problem is achieved by the fact that the subject runs several equal lengths of segments with a constantly increasing speed and equal rest intervals between them. Immediately after the end of each interval, heart rate is measured. Then a graph is plotted in the coordinates: X axis - running speed, m / second, Y axis - heart rate, beats / minute. According to the formula:

calculate the coefficient A, which is the angle of inclination of the straight line y = A * X + B. This parameter characterizes the actual functional state of the subject at the time of testing, depending only on the delivery of oxygen to the working muscles.

Coefficient B in this case determines the minimum value of heart rate at rest, and also indicates the restoration of the subject, his well-being and ability to absorb the subsequent load. The smaller the angle of inclination of parameter A, the better the athlete's level of aerobic endurance. This method allows you to periodically, once every 3-4 weeks, to assess the level of aerobic endurance. The obvious advantages of this method include the simplicity and accessibility of its use in a variety of conditions, the absence of negative effects on the body, the richness of the information received, the construction of individual training plans for people of different levels of physical fitness.

Examples of specific performance. For the period from September 2010 to April 2013, 78 adolescents from 15 to 18 years old were examined, all of them were students of the Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 1502 of Moscow, where a number of subjects with increased intellectual loads are taught, including an advanced version of teaching physics, chemistry, computer science, geometry, algebra, foreign languages. In this lyceum, the number of physical education lessons has been expanded to 4 hours. Physical education classes are conducted with in-depth study of a number of sports specializations. The young men participating in our experiment studied in depth: basketball (26 people), volleyball (22 people), swimming (13 people), weightlifting (17 people).

To determine the level of functional preparedness, all lyceum students performed the following test: they sequentially ran four kilometer stretches with an ever-increasing speed of each stretch. After running through each segment, their heart rate was measured.

We plotted in coordinates: X axis - running speed, m / s; Y axis - heart rate, beats / min. To illustrate, figure 1 and figure 2 shows the graphs of the participants in the experiment: in figure 1, the lyceum P., specializing in swimming, and in figure 2 - weightlifter K.

Figure 1 clearly shows that all four points corresponding to heart rate at different speeds of running, are approximately on the same line, which is built using the extrapolation method. The fourth point is located slightly below this line. This means that a running speed of more than 6 m / s (2 minutes 46 seconds per 1 km) for P. is still high, and a speed below this value is completely ineffective. For him, a running speed of 6 m / s (the threshold of the aerobic-anaerobic threshold) is the most optimal, forcing the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to work with the greatest effect.

Figure 2 shows a graph of K., who is involved in weightlifting. Functional preparedness is almost completely absent, it is completely impossible to build a graph according to the data presented. For K., just jogging for at least 4-5 minutes of continuous running is recommended.

The better prepared the athlete, the less on the graph the angle of inclination of the straight line Y = AX + B.

For example, the coefficient B, which determines the minimum value of heart rate at rest and indicates its recovery and well-being, as well as the ability to absorb the subsequent load, should ideally be 44-56 beats per minute for highly qualified athletes. For lyceum students, who do not have regular physical activities, this figure is at least 72-78 beats / min, and for the vast majority of subjects it is much higher.

This method allows with a greater degree of reliability to determine heart rate and running speed in a mixed aerobic-anaerobic zone, to quantify the level of functional and physical preparation of subjects and compare them with the model characteristics of the parameters.

Literature

1. Athletics, 2nd edition, under the general ed. N.G. Ozolina and D.P. Markov, publishing house "Physical Culture and Sports", M., 1972, 671 p.

2. Poptsov V. Some aspects of sports physiology as applied to endurance sports / in the journal. Cross-country skiing, No. 1 (7), 1998.

Claims (1)

The way to determine the level of functional preparedness, in particular, among athletes, which consists in running several equal lengths of segments with a constantly increasing speed and monitoring the heart rate after each of them, characterized in that they build a graph in the coordinates: X axis - running speed, m / second; Y axis - heart rate, beats per minute, a straight line is drawn between the received points and according to the formula

calculate the coefficient A, which is the angle of inclination of the straight line y = AX + B, which characterizes the actual functional state of the subject at the time of testing, depending only on the transport of oxygen to the working muscles and coefficient B, which indicates the minimum value of heart rate at rest, restoration of the subject, his well-being and ability to perceive the subsequent load.

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