RU2540177C2 - Sound-absorbing structure of factory building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, acoustics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial acoustics. The sound-absorbing structure of a factory building comprises profiled and perforated walls with a layer of sound-absorbing material in between. One of the layers is smooth, and the sound-absorbing material is placed in two layers, one of which is harder, continuous and profiled, and the other is soft, discontinuous and placed under the surfaces of the first layer. Acoustic enclosures comprise smooth and perforated walls with a sound-absorbing material in between, said material being placed in two layers, one of which is harder, continuous and profiled, and the other is soft and discontinuous in the form of discontinuous sound absorbers. The discontinuous sound absorbers are in the form of bodies of rotation, e.g. sphere, ellipsoid, cone, truncated cone.

EFFECT: high efficiency of noise reduction.

4 cl

Description

The invention relates to industrial acoustics, in particular to broadband sound attenuation, and can be used for sound attenuation of industrial equipment by sound absorption.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is the sound-absorbing structure of the industrial building according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2455432 [prototype], containing the sound-absorbing devices of the production room, containing profiled and perforated walls, between which a layer of sound-absorbing material is placed, one of the walls being made smooth, and the sound-absorbing material is arranged in two layers, one of which is more rigid, made solid and profiled, and the other is soft cue, made intermittent and located under the surfaces of the first layer, and the sound-absorbing devices of the production room contain a frame, window, doorways, openings for luminaires and acoustic fences containing smooth and perforated walls and piece sound absorbers.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively low efficiency of sound attenuation due to the partial reflection of sound waves from the sound absorber, as well as the relatively narrow (exceptionally high frequencies) range of sound attenuation.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of sound absorption due to the expansion of the frequency range and the secondary absorption of sound waves reflected from the sound absorber.

This is achieved by the fact that in the sound-absorbing structure of the industrial building containing the profiled and perforated walls, between which a layer of sound-absorbing material is placed, one of the walls being smooth and the sound-absorbing material located in two layers, one of which is more rigid, made solid and profiled and the other, soft, made intermittently and located under the surfaces of the first layer, the sound-absorbing devices of the production room contain a frame, window, doorways, etc. volumes for luminaires and acoustic fencing, containing smooth and perforated walls, between which sound-absorbing material is placed, located in two layers, one of which is more rigid, made solid and profiled, and the other, soft, made intermittent in the form of intermittent sound absorbers and is located in the focus of the sound-reflecting surfaces of the first layer, a continuous profiled layer of sound-absorbing material is made of a material whose sound reflection coefficient is greater than the sound coefficient absorption, and an intermittent sound absorber located in the focus of a continuous profiled layer is made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example a sphere, ellipsoid, cone, truncated cone, and is fixed to the perforated wall with pins, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the perforated wall, and the other made pointed and located in the body of intermittent sound absorbers.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the sound-absorbing structure of an industrial building, figure 2 - design of a sound-absorbing acoustic fence of the workshop, figure 3 is a diagram of a piece sound absorber of a prismatic shape, figure 4 is a diagram of a piece sound absorber of a conical shape.

The sound-absorbing structure of the production building in which the equipment 11 is located contains a workshop frame (not shown in the drawing), window 2 and 8, door 9 openings, openings 5 for luminaires, acoustic fences 1, 3, 4, 10, 12 and piece sound absorbers 6 and 7 (figure 1). The acoustic fence (figure 2) contains a smooth 13 and perforated 14 walls, between which is placed a sound-absorbing material located in two layers, one of which, more rigid 15, is solid and shaped, and the other, soft 16, is made intermittent in the form of intermittent sound absorbers and is located in the focus of the reflective surfaces of the first layer 15.

The continuous profiled layer 15 of sound-absorbing material is made of a material in which the reflection coefficient of sound is greater than the coefficient of sound absorption. The intermittent sound absorber 16 located in the focus of the continuous profiled layer 15 is made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example a sphere, ellipsoid, cone, truncated cone, and is mounted on the perforated wall 14 using pins 17, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the perforated wall 14, and the other is made pointed and located in the body of intermittent sound absorbers 16. Piece sound absorbers 6 and 7 are installed above the noisiest technological equipment 11.

Each of the piece sound absorbers 7 (Fig. 3) consists of a housing made in the form of closed lateral surfaces 17 with a bottom 18 and a hinged lid 19 made of perforated stainless steel sheet or galvanized sheet 0.7 mm thick with a polymer protective and decorative coating Pural type with a thickness of 50 microns or Polyester with a thickness of 25 microns, or an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a coating thickness of 25 microns. Coaxial to the body, and at an equal distance from its internal surfaces, there is a hollow chamber 20 made of a perforated sheet with surfaces congruent to the surfaces of the body. Between the walls of the housing and the camera there is a sound absorber made in the form of a porous sound-absorbing material, such as foam aluminum or cermet, or metal foam, or in the form of pressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, such as elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-vibration", " Sew ", and the size of the fractions of the crumbs lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm (not shown in the drawing).

Each of the piece sound absorbers 6 (Fig. 4) consists of a rigid frame 21 that is attached to the desired object (not shown in the drawing), for example, the ceiling of a production building, the supporting structure of production equipment, and to which the housing 22 is attached, for example, metal or die-welded construction , and which is made in the form of an inverted cone, and at the top of the cone there is an opening 30 for accommodating the elastic fastening element 26, for example, in the form of a spring with a rod 29 at the end, which is fixed on the top of the cone cr pezhnym element 27, for example made in the form of a nut. At the base of the cone 22 there is a gasket 25 made of a vibration damping material, for example, agate plastic compound or VD-17 mastic, which, by means of fasteners 24, for example, is attached in the form of screws to the frame 21 and is rigidly fixed to the frame 21 with the base of the cone by means of an elastic fastening element 26.

A sound-absorbing non-combustible material 23, for example, vinipore, fiberglass, wrapped in an acoustically transparent material, for example fiberglass, is attached to the inner surface of the cone 22. Inside the cone between the layers of sound-absorbing material 23 there is an air cavity 28.

Sound-absorbing structure of an industrial building works as follows.

Sound waves propagating in the production room interact as follows. Sound energy from the equipment 11 located in the room, passing through the perforated wall 14 of the acoustic fences 1, 3, 4, 10, 12, enters the layers of soft sound-absorbing material 16 (for example, made of basalt or glass fiber), which is intermittent and located beneath the sound-reflecting surfaces of the first layer 15. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where energy loss occurs m frictionally with the driving frequency of the oscillating mass of air located in the resonator neck, the neck of the wall itself, has the form of branched networks pore absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the eruption of a soft sound absorber, a fiberglass fabric, for example, type EZ-100, is located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall.

Piece sound absorbers work as follows.

Sound waves propagating in a room interact with sound-absorbing material. Sound absorption at low and medium frequencies occurs due to the acoustic effect built on the principle of Helmholtz resonators formed by air cavities. Different volumes of resonant cavities are used to suppress sound vibrations in the required sound frequency range, as a rule large volumes to suppress noise in the low-frequency range, and small ones in the medium and high frequencies. The interaction of sound waves with a sound absorber leads to noise attenuation in the high frequency range, and the implementation of a sound absorber from non-combustible materials makes the design fireproof. Low-frequency sound absorption is carried out due to membrane excitation of the walls of the housing and, indirectly, the internal volumes of air in the chamber. Due to the large damping decrement, the absorption of sound energy during dissipation occurs in the material. The transition of sound energy into thermal energy (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, where energy losses occur due to friction of the mass of air that is in the resonator neck and vibrates with the excitation frequency against the walls of the neck itself, which has the form of a branched network of pores of the sound absorber.

An advantage of the invention is its versatility of application for various production facilities having a wide variety of noise characteristics. At the same time, it should be noted the relative ease of setting up a piece of sound absorber for the required frequency range of noise reduction and its economically feasible efficiency (meaning reducing noise to sanitary standards). In addition, the implementation of the sound absorber of non-combustible materials makes the design fireproof.

Claims (1)

The sound-absorbing structure of an industrial building, containing profiled and perforated walls, between which a layer of sound-absorbing material is placed, one of the walls is smooth and the sound-absorbing material is arranged in two layers, one of which is more rigid, is solid and profiled, and the other is soft. made intermittent and located under the surfaces of the first layer, the sound-absorbing devices of the production room contain a frame, window, doorways, openings for luminaries bumps and acoustic fences containing smooth and perforated walls, between which sound-absorbing material is placed, located in two layers, one of which is more rigid, made solid and profiled, and the other, soft, made intermittent in the form of intermittent sound absorbers and is located in the focus of sound-reflecting surfaces of the first layer, a continuous profiled layer of sound-absorbing material is made of a material in which the sound reflection coefficient is greater than the sound absorption coefficient, and interrupted A sound absorber located at the focus of a continuous profiled layer is made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example, a sphere, an ellipsoid, a cone, a truncated cone, and is fixed on a perforated wall using pins, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the perforated wall, and the other is made pointed and located in the body of intermittent sound absorbers, while the piece of sound absorber contains a housing made in the form of closed side surfaces with a bottom and a hinged lid made of perforated stainless steel sheet Hardened steel or galvanized sheet 0.7 mm thick with a polymeric protective and decorative coating of the Pural type 50 μm thick or Polyester 25 μm thick, or an aluminum sheet 1.0 mm thick and a coating thickness of 25 μm, and coaxially with the body, and at an equal distance from its internal surfaces, there is a hollow chamber made of perforated sheet with surfaces congruent to the housing surfaces, while a sound-absorbing structure made in the form of perforated coaxial shells is placed between the walls of the housing and the camera external and internal, between which a sound absorber is located, characterized in that the piece sound absorber is made in the form of a metal die-welded frame that is attached to the object, and a body is made attached to it, made in the form of an inverted cone, at the top of which there is an opening for accommodating an elastic-fixing element , for example, in the form of a spring with a rod at the end, which is fixed on the top of the cone by a fastening element, and at the base of the cone there is a gasket made of vibration damping material, which Paradise is attached to the frame by means of fasteners and, with the help of the base of the cone, is rigidly fixed to the frame by means of an elastic fastening element, and a sound-absorbing non-combustible material, for example, vinipore, fiberglass, wrapped in an acoustically transparent material, for example fiberglass, is attached to the frame of the cone between layers of sound-absorbing material has an air cavity.

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