RU2539477C1 - Tripping complex of drilling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to drilling units. A tripping complex of a drilling unit comprises a foundation platform surrounding rotor sections and a swivel superadjacent the centre of the rotor sections. The foundation platform comprises a spatial frame with vertical guides. The guides accommodate rollers of balance shafts of telescopic mechanisms. Axle pivots of the balance ends are connected in pairs by short axles. The upper balances of the telescopic mechanisms are connected by a long axle, whereon the swivel is mounted. The foundation platform also comprises hydraulic lift cylinders of the telescopic mechanism sections. Heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders are connected by an axile, whereon the centres of the upper balances of the lower sections of the telescopic mechanisms are mounted on the axle pivots. The middles of the lower balances of this section on the axle pivots are mounted on an axle fixed on the spatial frame.

EFFECT: invention provides the automatic control of the tripping procedures and enhancing the performance and design specifications of the drilling unit.

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Description

The invention relates to oil and gas production, to drilling rigs.

Known BU (drilling rigs) containing various equipment complexes. A control unit is a complex or system of specialized assembly units that perform certain functions during well drilling and are installed on special grounds for kinematic communication and their transportation. A control unit is a temporary structure, since it changes its location many times under operating conditions. Therefore, all complexes are located on the bases, which are welded metal structures, preserving, if possible, the kinematic connection during transportation. (Kolcherin V.G. et al. A new generation of drilling rigs of the Volgograd plant in Western Siberia. - Surgut, State Unitary Enterprise Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Surgut Printing House, 2000. - 320 p.).

These rigs are structurally complex and metal intensive.

Closest to the proposed device is a drilling rig of class BU 2900/175 (p. 68 onwards), where 2900 is the conditional drilling depth, m; 175 - permissible load on the hook in the vehicle (p. 72).

The control unit (drilling rig) contains the following equipment complexes: for hoisting operations; for working with pipes; for circulation of the solution; for the preparation and distribution of air; for power supply; for water supply and heating; blowout preventer; to control and monitor the drilling process; for completion of wells; for environmental protection; for transporting blocks and modules; for social and cultural life; for mechanization of repair and handling operations.

The described control unit has large dimensions and weight, since the lifting of a pipe candle with a nominal length of 25 or 27 m is carried out by a tackle system with a hook block located above the candle (p.77, Fig. 7.1). With this design, only the useful height of the tower is 40.8 m (p. 73), and the total height of the control unit exceeds 50 m (p. 77, Fig. 7.1).

An important role is played by a set of equipment for holding pipes and tools on weight, as well as for hoisting operations (p. 88). This set of equipment is designed to hold casing and tools on weight, for lowering and raising the drill string, as well as for various auxiliary works. Supporting work includes raising and lowering the tower, replacing equipment on a tower base, installing preventers, etc.

The following equipment belongs to this complex: a drawworks with a drive; tower with a lifting mechanism; tackle system, which includes crown block, hook block (hook, talblock), tackle rope (cable); mechanism for fastening and bypassing the fixed end; a device for installing a hoist rope bay.

The connecting link of all mechanisms is the hoist rope. The hoist rope bay is mounted on a special device. The rope from the bay is passed through the drum of the fastening and bypass mechanism of the fixed end of the rope, then the tackle system is equipped in accordance with the recommended equipment scheme, then the running end is transferred from the upper crown block roller to the winch drum, where it is mounted in a special device.

Drill winch is designed to create traction on the running end of the rope. The winch is driven by a DC motor with a capacity of 560 kW. The first and second gears are switched on remotely by operational pneumatic couplings.

As an auxiliary brake on the winch, an electromagnetic powder brake TEP-45 was used, which also performs the functions of a bit feed regulator. For the final stop of the drum when the tool is planted on the wedges or on the rotor table, a tape brake is used, which consists of two brake bands with twenty brake pads attached to them; balancer, brake and intermediate shafts, brake handle, pneumatic cylinder, two limiters for the departure of brake bands and exhaust springs (p. 88-90).

The tower BU 2900/175 DEP in assembled form is an A-shaped structure consisting of two trihedral legs and one tetrahedral upper section. Each leg is assembled from three all-welded sections with a length of 11.245 m. The upper section is all-welded with a length of 9.565 m. A frame is welded to the upper section, on which the crown block is fixed. The crown block consists of a section with five pulleys, casings and a deflecting pulley (p.95).

The tackle system is intended for multiple reduction of effort on the running end of the rope. Elements of hoist systems are: crown block, hoist block and hoist rope. By design, the traveling block is combined with the hook, and therefore this design is called the hook block (p.100). The hook block (p. 102) is designed to suspend the swivel (p. 229, Fig. 11.53), which serves to supply the solution to the drill pipe string while ensuring free rotation of the drill string, therefore it is an intermediate link between the tackle system and the rotating drilling tool (with .181).

As can be seen from the above description, the hoisting complex of the drilling rig is structurally complex, has large dimensions and weight, operation is difficult due to the impossibility of automating the hoisting operations when using a hoist with brakes and a tackle system.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to expand the operational and layout capabilities of the hoisting complex of the drilling rig.

The problem is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in the use of telescopic mechanisms with hydraulic cylinders that allow automation of the tripping process.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the hoisting complex of the drilling rig, comprising a base platform mounted around the rotor sections, a swivel located above the center of the rotor sections, while, unlike the prototype, a spatial frame with vertical guides in which are located rollers of axles installed in the middle of telescopic mechanism balancers, the ends of these balancers are supported by swing axes in pairs by short axes, the upper balancers are telescopic of the mechanisms are connected by a long axis on which the swivel is fixed, hydraulic cylinders are also located on the base platform, the heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders are connected by an axis on which the midpoints of the upper balancers of the lower section of the telescopic mechanisms are mounted, the midpoints of the lower balancers of this section on the swing supports are mounted on the axis fixed on the spatial frame.

Figure 1 shows a front view of the hoisting complex of the rig, and figure 2 is a side view. The hydraulic cylinders are in the most extended position, the heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders are connected by an axis and act on two telescopic mechanisms.

Figure 3 shows a top view at the level of the axis connecting the heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders acting on one telescopic mechanism. In the upper part of figure 3 shows the links of the telescopic mechanism in the most extended position, in the lower part in the lowered state. For clarity, the links are shaded.

Figure 4 shows a fragment of figure 2 of the hoisting complex with a spatial frame and brought to the fore by a telescopic mechanism in the maximum extended position when viewed from the side.

Figure 5 shows a fragment of figure 1 of the hoisting complex, but two hydraulic cylinders act on one telescopic mechanism.

Figure 6 shows one of the possible embodiments of the links of the telescopic mechanism.

On the base platform 1 (simplified view - Figs. 1 and 2) installed at the sections of the rotor 2 (Fig. 3), a spatial frame 3 with vertical guides 4 is located. The frame with guides can be formed from unified blocks mounted on top of each other. In the guides 4 there are rollers 5 of the telescopic mechanisms 6. The telescopic mechanisms 6 form sections (seven sections are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2) formed by balancers 7, which are mounted in the middle on the swing bearings of the axles 8 of the rollers 5. The ends of these balancers 7 are swing supports in pairs connected by short axes 9. The upper links of the telescopic mechanisms 6 are connected by a long axis 10, on which the swivel 11 is mounted with a pipe candle (drill string) 12. The upper balancers 7 can be one-sided (see the upper section). The upper section may have long axes on the sides at the edges of the balancers 7, forming a rectangle. Several upper sections can have similar long axes on one side, forming a U-shaped contour. Hydraulic cylinders 13 are also located on the base platform 1, the heads 14 of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders are connected by an axis 15, on which the midpoints of the upper balancers 7 of the lower section of the telescopic mechanisms are mounted on the swing supports, the midpoints of the lower balancers of this section on the swing supports are mounted on the axis 16 fixed on the spatial frame 3. On the lower balancers 7 allowed the installation of counterweights 17 (Fig.2 and 4). A different design of links of telescopic mechanisms 6 is allowed: from standardized links 7 or from central links 18 and side links 19 (Fig. 6).

The launching complex of the drilling rig operates as follows. The candle pipe 12 is attached to the swivel 11 with a sleeve for supplying the solution when the telescopic mechanisms 6 are in the lowered state - the head 14 of the hydraulic cylinders 13 in the lower position. The working fluid from the pumping station (not shown in the figure) under pressure flows into the hydraulic cylinders. The product of fluid pressure on the area of the pistons of the hydraulic cylinders creates the forces that raise the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders, heads 14, axis 15 and balancers 7. Increasing the distance between the axes 15 and 16 increases by a multiple of the number of sections of telescopic mechanisms 6. If this distance increases by two meters, then the axis 10 with a swivel 11 will move 14 meters. By increasing the number of blocks of the spatial frame with guides, the number of sections and the stroke of the upper section of the hydraulic cylinders 13, it is possible to change the amount of lift of the candle of pipes 12. The lowering of the candle of pipes 12 is carried out by the controlled removal of the working fluid from the hydraulic cylinders 13, this process can be automated. Counterweights 17 facilitate tripping.

Designations:

1 - base platform (simplified view);

2 - sections of the rotor;

3 - spatial frame;

4 - vertical guides;

5 - rollers;

6 - telescopic mechanisms;

7 - balancers of telescopic mechanisms 6;

8 - axis of the rollers 5;

9 - short axis of the ends of the balancers 7;

10 - the long axis of the upper balances of telescopic mechanisms 6;

11 - swivel;

12 - pipe candle (drill string) 12;

13 - hydraulic cylinders;

14 - heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders 13

15 - the axis of the heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders 13;

16 - axis fixed on the spatial frame;

17 - counterweights of the lower balancers 7;

18 - central balancers of sections of telescopic mechanisms 6;

19 - lateral balancers of sections of telescopic mechanisms 6.

Claims (1)

The launching complex of the drilling rig, comprising a base platform mounted around the rotor sections, a swivel located above the center of the rotor sections, characterized in that a spatial frame with vertical guides is installed on the base platform, in which the rollers of the axles mounted in the middle of the telescopic mechanisms balancers are located, the ends of these balancers by swing bearings are pairwise connected by short axes, the upper balancers of telescopic mechanisms are connected by a long axis, on which hinged rod, hydraulic cylinders are also located on the base platform, the heads of the upper sections of the hydraulic cylinders are connected by an axis on which the midpoints of the upper balancers of the lower section of the telescopic mechanisms are mounted on the swing supports, the midpoints of the lower balancers of this section on the swing supports are mounted on an axis fixed to the spatial frame.

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