RU2539167C1 - Heat transfer method and anti-gravitational wickless heat pipe - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: heat transfer method comprises the placement into the first heat carrier of the second heat carrier and heat exchange between them. The second heat carrier capable to movement in the first heat carrier due to reduction of its volume at temperature increase is used for transfer of the accumulated thermal energy. The thermal energy is accumulated in the upstream area of the first heat carrier with higher temperature, and the accumulated thermal energy is transferred to the downstream area of the first heat carrier with lower temperature. At temperature drop, the second heat carrier from the downstream area of the first heat carrier with lower temperature is moved to the upstream area of the first heat carrier with higher temperature at the expense of increase in its volume. Heat transfer device is usually designed with a possibility of return to the heat reception zone by the heat carrier when rebalancing between forces of its buoyancy and gravity as a result of temperature drop.

EFFECT: energy efficiency increase.

11 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in heat storage systems and cold.

Known constructions of conventional gravitational heat pipes or thermosiphons are devices in which the supply (in the receiver) and the subsequent heat removal (in the transmitter) are carried out, respectively, in their lower and upper parts. Thus, the orientation of the heat transfer pipe in space is strictly defined and forms the boundary operating conditions.

For cases in which heat should be supplied at the upper point, heat transfer pipes with the opposite location of the receiver and transmitter have been developed [Dan PD, Rey D.A. Heat pipes. Moscow, "Energy", 1979, p.168]. These include anti-gravity thermosiphon and reverse wick pipes, which, meanwhile, have a number of disadvantages.

The main disadvantage of existing anti-gravity siphons is their complex design, which must contain a “steam lift pump” or an electric motor in the lower part to return condensate to the evaporator. In addition, reverse wick heat pipes based on the capillary effect have a limiting distance of heat transfer within 1 m.

A known method of operation of a heat pipe, essentially heat transfer by partially evaporating the heat carrier in the evaporation zone, separating the vapor from the liquid, transporting the vapors under the influence of the pressure drop into the condensation zone, vapor condensation, mixing the condensate with the separated liquid, transporting the heat carrier down under the action of gravity and viscous forces in the evaporation zone and its partial cooling during transportation, in which to increase the thermodynamic efficiency when transferring heat from top to bottom, as e, a mixture of liquid coolant emitting heat when mixed, and they are transported down separately and condensation before mixing the condensate and the separated liquid is carried out at an initial temperature corresponding to the value calculated using mathematical expression (SU 1064113, 1983).

The disadvantage of this method is its complexity in implementation and low energy efficiency.

It is known in the art to use the difference in surface water temperature and depth. The thermal expansion of the working fluid is used to move the object located at the top of the trajectory until the working fluid is heated to ambient temperature and the saturated vapor pressure rises to the appropriate level. Upon reaching the bottom point of the trajectory, the object is in a state of neutral buoyancy until the working fluid cools to ambient temperature, vapor condensation, and a decrease in saturated vapor pressure. Here, an ambient temperature gradient is used to move the object in depth (RU 2124457, 1999).

This well-known technical solution is not intended to transfer heat from the surface of the water (from the upstream area) to a depth (to the downstream area), but is reduced to using the temperature difference between the upper (on the water surface) and the lower (in depth) areas to move the object vertically in the pond. Here the volume of coolant is unlimited.

A group of technical solutions is proposed, which is united by a single inventive concept and is a heat transfer method and an anti-gravity filterless tube implementing it.

The technical result of the proposed group of technical solutions is to increase energy efficiency.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the heat transfer method involves placing a second heat carrier in the first heat carrier and exchanging heat between them, using a second heat carrier capable of moving in the first heat carrier by reducing its volume with increasing temperature to transfer accumulated heat energy, whereby heat energy is accumulated in the upstream region of the first coolant with a higher temperature, and the accumulated thermal energy is transferred to the downstream region st first coolant with a lower temperature.

It contributes to the achievement of the technical result by using a second coolant capable of moving in the first coolant from the lower region of the first coolant with a lower temperature to the upstream region of the first coolant with a higher temperature due to an increase in the volume of the second coolant with decreasing temperature, and also that a second heat carrier is used, covered by at least a single surface separating them, and a second heat carrier is used for heat transfer and said at least unit surface.

The technical result in relation to the object of the invention — the device — is achieved in that the anti-gravity heat pipe includes a heat receiving zone with a heat carrier located in the upper part of the pipe, a heat removal zone with a heat carrier located in the lower part of the pipe, and means for transferring heat from the heat receiving zone with the heat carrier to the zone heat removal by heat carrier, made with the possibility of reducing its volume from the maximum value, due to the need for its buoyancy in the heat transfer heat receiving zone by the body, to the minimum value - according to the conditions of its stable movement into the heat removal zone by the coolant, due to a shift in the equilibrium between its buoyancy forces and gravity towards the latter due to temperature increase.

In a particular case, the means of heat transfer is made with the possibility of returning to the heat receiving zone with the coolant when the balance between the forces of its buoyancy and the forces of gravity is restored due to a decrease in temperature and can be made in the form of at least one capsule - a gas tank.

The gas container can be made of a material having, due to the Guh-Joule effect, the property of compression with increasing temperature, leading to a decrease in the volume of the gas container.

In another embodiment, the gas container is made of an elastic material and is surrounded by a polymer network, which, due to the Guh-Joule effect, has the property of compression with increasing temperature.

In yet another embodiment, the gas container is made of an elastic material and is semi-covered on the outside with a means capable of compressing it with increasing temperature to reduce the volume of the gas container.

In turn, a means capable of compressing a gas container made of an elastic material with increasing temperature is a horseshoe-shaped bimetallic element or a kinematic mechanism associated with a drive in the form of a bellows filled with low-boiling liquid.

The proposal is illustrated by graphic images on which: Figs. 1-3 show embodiments of gas tanks of an anti-gravity heat pipe when in the upper position in the upstream region of the first heat carrier in the heat storage (receiving) zone of the heat carrier; figure 4-6 is the same when located in the lower position in the lower region of the first coolant with a lower temperature in the zone of return (removal) of heat by the coolant.

An anti-gravity heat pipe is filled with a heat carrier and contains the pipe itself (not shown) with a heat transfer zone with a heat carrier located in its upper part, a heat removal zone with a heat carrier located in its lower part, and a means of transferring heat from the heat reception zone to the heat transfer zone coolant. The means of heat transfer are gas tanks (capsules), which are made with the possibility of reducing its volume due to an increase in temperature and restoration of its original shape with decreasing temperature.

By their design, capsules can be of several types (options). The most technologically simplest in design can be balloons 1, including those fitted with polymer nets 2, which have due to the Guh-Joule effect [Grosberg A.Yu., Khokhlov AR Physics in the world of polymers. Moscow, “Science”, Main Edition of the Physics and Mathematics Literature, 1999, p.105] with the property of compression with increasing temperature (Figs. 1, 4).

Another embodiment of the capsule may be a balloon or cylinder 1 formed by an elastic shell with stiffening elements 3, half-enveloped externally by means capable of compressing with increasing temperature to reduce the volume of the gas container, for example, a bimetallic plate 4, compressing the balloon with increasing temperature (Fig. 2 , 5). In this design, the bimetallic plate (horseshoe-shaped bimetallic element) 4 interacts (contacts or has a connection) with the stiffening elements 3.

In the third embodiment, the bimetallic plate can be replaced by a kinematic mechanism 6 associated with the drive in the form of a bellows 5 filled with low-boiling liquid (Figs. 3, 6). The kinematic mechanism 6 has hinges and is so arranged that some of its hinge links interact with the stiffening elements 3 of the elastic shell of the balloon 1, and others with the movable walls of the bellows 5. The change in the volume of capsules made according to the third option is achieved by turning the drive on ( bellows 5).

The heat transfer method is as follows. They are placed in the first heat carrier in the form of a liquid (for example, water), the second heat carrier covered by the surface separating them (elastic shell) and which is a means of heat transfer in the form of gas tanks (capsules), i.e. create a two-component medium in the pipe. The single surface covering the second coolant (gas) is formed by the elastic shell of the balloon 1. The second coolant is capable of moving in the first coolant together with its separating surface (elastic shell) as a result of the expenditure of a portion of the heat energy received from the first coolant.

The initial volume of the capsules is determined on the basis of ensuring their buoyancy on the surface of the liquid (first extreme position), the minimum volume - according to the conditions of steady movement to the bottom of the pipe (second extreme position).

The movement of the capsules from the first extreme position to the second extreme position is associated with a decrease in their volume from the maximum value due to the need for buoyancy in the heat transfer zone of the coolant to the minimum value - according to the conditions of stable movement into the heat removal zone of the coolant due to a shift in the equilibrium between the buoyancy forces and the forces gravity towards the latter. Due to this movement, the remaining part of the thermal energy obtained from the upstream region of the first heat carrier with a higher temperature is transferred to the downstream region of the first heat carrier with a lower temperature. Thus, heat is transferred from the upper part of the pipe to its lower part and heat is exchanged.

Due to heat transfer between the liquid and the capsules, the temperature of the latter decreases, which leads to an increase in their volume and, accordingly, the restoration of the balance between the forces of buoyancy and gravity - the emergence of capsules, i.e. the second coolant from the downstream region of the first coolant with a lower temperature moves to the upstream region of the first coolant with a higher temperature after it has completely consumed the remaining part of the thermal energy.

The presence of a large number of capsules contributes to a stable heat transfer process along a vertically located heat transfer (anti-gravity heat) pipe.

Stable anti-gravity heat pipes of great length will significantly develop heat and cold storage systems that contribute to the energy efficiency of buildings and various structures, especially the agro-industrial complex.

Variable modes of operation of installations with renewable heat sources, due to the very nature of the energy input, can be significantly smoothed out by using the proposed method and heat pipes implementing this design

Claims (11)

1. The method of heat transfer, including the placement in the first coolant of the second coolant and heat transfer between them, using a second coolant capable of moving in the first coolant by reducing its volume with increasing temperature to transfer the accumulated thermal energy, and accumulate thermal energy in the upstream region the first heat carrier with a higher temperature, and the accumulated heat energy is transferred to the lower region of the first heat carrier with a lower oh temperature. 2. The method according to claim 1, in which a second coolant is used that is capable of moving in the first coolant from the lower region of the first coolant with a lower temperature to the upstream region of the first coolant with a higher temperature by increasing the volume of the second coolant with decreasing temperature. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which a second heat carrier is used, covered by at least a unit surface separating them, and a second heat carrier and said at least unit surface are used for heat transfer. 4. An anti-gravity heat pipe, including a heat transfer zone of heat transfer agent located in the upper part of the pipe, a heat transfer zone of heat transfer agent located in the lower part of the pipe, and means for transferring heat from the heat transfer zone of the heat transfer fluid to the heat transfer zone of the heat transfer fluid, configured to reduce its volume from the maximum value due to the need for its buoyancy in the heat transfer zone by the coolant, to the minimum value - according to the conditions of its stable movement to the heat transfer zone a coolant heat due to displacement of the equilibrium between the forces of its buoyancy and gravity forces towards the latter due to the temperature rise. 5. The anti-gravity heat pipe according to claim 4, in which the heat transfer means is configured to return to the heat receiving zone by the heat transfer medium while restoring the equilibrium between its buoyancy forces and gravity due to a decrease in temperature. 6. The anti-gravity heat pipe according to claim 5, in which the means of heat transfer is made in the form of at least one capsule. 7. The anti-gravity heat pipe according to claim 6, in which the capsule is made in the form of a gas tank. 8. The anti-gravity heat pipe according to claim 7, in which the gas tank is made of a material having, due to the Guh-Joule effect, the property of compression with increasing temperature, leading to a decrease in the volume of the gas tank. 9. The anti-gravity heat pipe of claim 8, in which the gas container is made of elastic material and covered by a polymer network, which has the property of compression with increasing temperature due to the Guh-Joule effect. 10. The anti-gravity heat pipe according to claim 7, in which the gas tank is made of elastic material and is semi-enveloped from the outside by means capable of compressing it with increasing temperature to reduce the volume of the gas tank. 11. The anti-gravity heat pipe of claim 10, wherein the means capable of compressing a gas container made of an elastic material with increasing temperature is a horseshoe-shaped bimetallic element or a kinematic mechanism associated with a drive in the form of a bellows filled with low-boiling liquid.

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