RU2538094C1 - Impact electromechanical converter of combined type - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: impact electromechanical converter of combined type consists of a ferromagnetic body, an inductor, and movable armature movable cylindrical head. The inductor is coupled to the pulsed excitation system and is made of a fixed coil and a movable coil. Between the flat surface of the fixed induction coil and butt end of the ferromagnetic body there is a gap with disc-shaped ferromagnetic core placed in it. The armature 3 is made as electroconductive and impact discs with interconnected central openings. A pull-back spring is installed between the butt end disc part of the ferromagnetic body and impact disc of the armature. The cylindrical head is made of a guiding, protruding and impact parts.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of impact electromechanical converter.

10 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electromechanics and can be used in shock drives of machines and mechanisms that are designed to create cyclic shock pulses, for example, during deformation of objects in the process.

A known converter of electrical impulses into mechanical ones, comprising a flat inductor located in the housing and leads for connecting to a source of electrical impulses, as well as an armature (power-transmitting element) located on the side of the inductor’s working surface made of electrically conductive material, which is made up of flat elements and enclosed in a flexible shell [one]. In this case, the flat elements of the anchor can be made in the form of concentric rings, parallel or radially arranged strips.

However, this design has low efficiency due to the implementation of the anchor is not continuous, but composite with non-conductive gaps between the flat conductive elements. As a result of this, the eddy currents induced in the armature have a reduced amplitude, which means that the electrodynamic force between the inductor and armature is not large enough. In addition, the composite design determines the low reliability of the armature, and hence the entire transducer.

Known shock electromechanical device containing a flat field winding located in a dielectric casing, on which adjustable stops are installed, providing a gap between the casing and the wall of the object of influence [2]. The drummer of this device is made in the form of a throwable washer from an electrically conductive material, mounted above the field winding and connected with a reciprocating mechanism. A pad with ribs is attached to the drummer, the shape of the pad being determined by the shape of the surface being machined and its rigidity.

However, the efficiency of the known electromechanical device is not high enough due to the fact that the striker made in the form of a washer and a flat field winding are characterized by a relatively small value of mutual inductance. As a result of this, eddy currents of small magnitude are induced in the drummer, which means that a slight electrodynamic force develops between the field winding and the drummer.

Known magnetic pulse installation for breaking arches and cleaning technological equipment from adhering materials, containing an inductor made in the form of a flat field winding with a dielectric housing connected to a pulse current source and located between the inductor and the surface of the equipment to be cleaned, an armature made of material with high electrical conductivity and coaxially mounted with an inductor winding [3]. The anchor of this installation is made in the form of a flat disk, the end surface of which is adjacent to the end surface of the inductor winding, with an inner shell located inside the inductor winding so that the outer side surface of the shell contacts with part of the inner side surface of the field winding.

In this device, due to the presence of the inner shell in the disk armature, an improved magnetic coupling between the armature and the inductor winding is provided, as a result of which the electrodynamic interaction between them is enhanced, and hence the force effect on the equipment surface being cleaned.

However, the efficiency of the described electromechanical device is not high enough. This is due to the fact that the magnetic coupling coefficient between the inductor winding and the armature is small, which means that there is insufficient force acting on the armature from the side of the inductor winding. In addition, in this device, it is problematic to form a significant amplitude of the electrodynamic force without increasing the parameters of the pulse current source. Since the inductor winding is covered by a dielectric casing, its cooling efficiency is low. Due to the increased temperature of the winding, its resistance increases, the state of electrical insulation deteriorates, which leads to a decrease in the magnitude of the power shock pulse or the frequency of the current pulses, and, therefore, the performance of the installation.

The closest in technical essence and the claimed result is a linear electromechanical shock transducer containing coaxially located ferromagnetic body, inductor, movable armature and firing pin [4]. Inside the ferromagnetic housing, made in the form of a glass with side walls and a central rod, closed by a lid, an inductor and an electrically conductive armature disk are located. The inductor is made in the form of a solenoidal coil with a central hole. The anchor is made in the form of an electrically conductive disk with a central hole, the flat surface of which is adjacent to the inductor, and a coaxially located shock disk interacting with the striker, the pointed end of which is directed toward the object of deformation. Between the cover of the ferromagnetic housing with an axial guide hole and an electrically conductive armature disk, a return spring is installed.

In the prototype device, the ferromagnetic casing provides a weakening of the external magnetic fields of scattering and field amplification in the core between the inductor and the electrically conductive armature disk, creating high mechanical reliability of the converter. The known converter is highly manufacturable due to simple configurations of the main structural elements and is characterized by the ease of assembly and configuration.

In this case, the following disadvantages of the prototype device can be noted.

The axially elongated solenoidal configuration of the inductor and the configuration of the ferromagnetic body form a small surface area of the electrically conductive armature disk adjacent to the inductor, which reduces the electrodynamic force of interaction between them. In this case, the axial dimensions of the device significantly increase.

In addition, after the current pulse in the inductor, the movement of the armature begins, which leads to the weakening of the magnetic coupling between them. As a result, the induced currents in the conductive disk of the armature are reduced, and hence the electrodynamic repulsive force. All this reduces the efficiency of the electromechanical shock transducer.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of an impact electromechanical transducer.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the well-known linear electromechanical shock transducer containing coaxially arranged ferromagnetic body, inductor, movable armature and movable hammer, inside the ferromagnetic body made with side cylindrical and end disk sections, there are an inductor and an electrically conductive armature disk, the inductor is made in the form of a coil with a central hole, the armature is made in the form of an electrically conductive disk with a central hole, a flat surface adjacent to the inductor, and a coaxially located shock disk interacting with the striker, the pointed end of which is directed towards the object of deformation, a return spring is installed between the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic body with the axial guide hole and the conductive disk of the armature, in accordance with the invention, the inductor connected to a pulsed excitation system, made in the form of a fixed and movable coils, which are interconnected electrically after Favorably and counter to the magnetic field, the fixed inductor coil is attached to the lateral cylindrical portion of the ferromagnetic casing by means of an annular element such that a gap is made between the flat surface of the fixed coil and the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic casing remote from the deformation object, in which the disk ferromagnetic core is coaxially located , the movable inductor coil contains four orderly located in the tangential direction and axially directed rod elements that are placed in the guide holes of the annular element, while two opposing guide rod elements that are connected to the electrical terminals of the movable inductor coil are made in the form of electrodes in contact with electrically conductive inserts that are electrically isolated in the ring element, while to one an electrically conductive insert is connected to an electrical terminal of a fixed inductor coil, one electric is connected to another electrically conductive insert The output of the excitation system, the second output of which is connected to the electrical output of the stationary inductor coil, the cylindrical hammer is made with a guide, protruding and shock parts so that the guide part of the hammer passes through the internal holes of the inductor coils and the armature, made in the form of interconnected electroconductive and shock disks, and the end of the guide part of the striker is connected to the disk ferromagnetic core, the protruding part of the striker contains a flat surface that interacts uet with impact armature disc and tapering to an object deformation conical surface which cooperates with a return spring, and the knock part of the striker is movable through the central guide hole of the end portion of the ferromagnetic disc housing.

In addition, the pulsed excitation system includes a series-connected capacitive energy storage device and an electronic switch, which are shunted by a reverse diode.

In addition, a cylindrical insulating sleeve is fixed in the hole of the inductor coil, the inner hole of which is made with a sliding surface for the guide part of the striker.

In addition, the guide rod made in the form of an electrode and the hole of the electrically conductive insert covering it are made with flat sections.

In addition, inside the hole of the electrically conductive insert, flat contact electrically conductive springs are installed, the surfaces of which facing the electrode are made with a low coefficient of friction.

In addition, the electrode surface facing the flat contact conductive spring is made with a low coefficient of friction.

In addition, the annular element is made of insulating material.

In addition, the inductor coil together with a cylindrical insulating sleeve is made monolithic by impregnation with epoxy resin and its subsequent hardening.

In addition, the lateral cylindrical and end disk sections of the ferromagnetic body are made with the possibility of separation.

In addition, the cylindrical firing pin is made of ferromagnetic material, and its impact part is hardened.

The execution of the inductor in the form of two coils, which are interconnected electrically in series and counter-magnetic field, provides when connected to a pulse excitation system creates an axially directed electrodynamic repulsive force between them. This electrodynamic force is due to the interaction of oppositely directed currents in the coils. Since one of the coils is stationary, under the action of electrodynamic forces repulsion of the moving coil from it occurs. In this case, the electromagnetic ferromagnetic force acts on the disk ferromagnetic core from the side of the stationary inductor coil, and the electrodynamic force of induction-dynamic repulsion acts on the electrically conductive armature disk from the side of the movable inductor coil.

Since the firing pin is connected to a ferromagnetic disk core and all the forces (electrodynamic force of coil currents interaction, electromagnetic core attraction force and electrodynamic force of induction-dynamic repulsion) are directed in one direction, under the action of the total firing force acts on the deformation object with significant kinetic energy, providing high efficiency electromechanical converter.

The fastening of the fixed inductor coil to the lateral cylindrical portion of the ferromagnetic casing by means of the annular element provides the possibility of effective interaction by contacting its free flat surfaces with the disk ferromagnetic core and with the movable coil. In this case, a gap is formed between the fixed coil and the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic casing, in which the movable disk ferromagnetic core is coaxially located, which acts as the armature of the electromagnet.

The presence of four rod elements, which are arranged in a tangential direction, axially directed and placed in the guide holes of the annular element of the movable inductor coil, ensures strictly axial movement of this coil relative to the stationary inductor coil.

The implementation of two oppositely located guide rod elements, which are connected to the electrical terminals of the moving coil, in the form of electrodes in contact with the electrically conductive inserts, provides electrical connection of the moving coil with the stationary coil of the inductor and with the pulse excitation system. The formation of such an electric circuit occurs due to the fact that an electrical terminal of the fixed inductor coil is connected to one electroconductive insert, and one electrical terminal of the excitation system is connected to another electroconductive insert, the second terminal of which is connected to the electrical terminal of the stationary inductor coil.

Reliable operation of the converter is ensured by the fact that the electrically conductive inserts are electrically isolated in the annular element through which currents do not flow. The same goal is facilitated by the implementation of the annular element of insulating material.

The implementation of the anchor in the form of electrically conductive and shock disks connected between each other makes its design reliable and durable.

Performing a cylindrical striker with a guide, protruding and shock parts allows you to perform various functions.

The guide part of the striker, which passes through the internal holes of the inductor coils and the armature, provides strictly axial movement of the armature, the striker and the disk ferromagnetic core.

The protruding part of the striker with a flat surface ensures the transfer of the electrodynamic force of the interaction of the coil currents and the electrodynamic force of the inductive-dynamic repulsion from the armature to the striker. The conical surface, which narrows in the direction of the deformation object, provides high rigidity for the protruding part of the striker, and its interaction with the return spring ensures the initial position of the armature, striker, and disk ferromagnetic core after the current pulse decays in the inductor.

The presence of a central guide hole in the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic body eliminates lateral displacement of the impact part of the striker even when interacting with the deformation object.

The implementation of a cylindrical hammer made of ferromagnetic material provides an increase in electromagnetic and electrodynamic forces due to the magnetic field, since the hammer acts as a magnetic circuit. The implementation of the impact part of the strikers hardened increases its strength, which is important when interacting with the object of deformation.

The implementation of a pulsed excitation system with a series connection of a capacitive energy storage device and an electronic key, which are shunted by a reverse diode, provides electronic control of a shock electromechanical converter of the combined type by supplying a control pulse to the electronic key. In this case, an aperiodic current pulse is formed in the inductor with a short front and subsequent smooth damping. The sharp front of the current is effective for inducing eddy currents in the conductive disk of the armature and creating an induction repulsive force, and smooth attenuation of the current is effective for the electromagnetic force of attraction of the disk ferromagnetic core.

The fixing of cylindrical insulating bushings in the holes of the inductor coils simplifies their manufacturing technology by winding the coil wire directly onto these bushings. The impregnation of each inductor coil together with the epoxy sleeve and its subsequent hardening makes the design monolithic.

The implementation of cylindrical bushings with internal holes with a sliding surface provide movement of the guide part of the striker with low friction.

When making electrodes and holes of the electrically conductive inserts that enclose them, with flat portions, it is possible to easily insert flat contact electrically conductive springs therein, which will ensure efficient current transfer between the electrode and the electrically conductive insert.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a shock electromechanical transducer of a combined type in the initial position;

figure 2 is a view A in figure 1;

figure 3 is a cross section of the Converter during operation;

figure 4 - electric circuit of the Converter; dots (to us) and crosses (from us) show the directions of currents in the inductor coils;

figure 5 - current pulse of the inductor of the Converter;

in Fig.6 is a section bB in Fig.2 in the presence of an electrode in the hole of the conductive insert;

Fig.7 is a section bB in Fig.2 in the absence of an electrode in the hole of the conductive insert;

in Fig.8 is a section B-B in Fig.2;

figure 9 is a cross section GG in figure 2;

figure 10 is a cross section DD in figure 2;

figure 11 is a view of E in figure 6;

in Fig.12 is a view of the electrode in the hole of the conductive insert in a perspective view;

Fig.13 is a cross section of the striker.

The shock electromechanical transducer of the combined type consists of a coaxially located ferromagnetic housing 1, inductor 2, a movable armature 3 and a movable cylindrical hammer 4.

The ferromagnetic housing consists of a lateral cylindrical section 1A and two end disk sections 16 and 1B, which are made with the possibility of separation by using, for example, a threaded connection (not shown).

The inductor 2 through terminals B and B is connected to a pulse excitation system 5, which includes a series-connected capacitive energy storage C and an electronic switch VS, which are shunted by a reverse diode VD (Fig. 4).

The inductor 2 is made in the form of a fixed coil 2A and a movable 2b coils, each of which has the form of a disk with a Central hole, respectively, 2B and 2G. The coils are interconnected electrically in series and counter-magnetic field. The node connecting the coils to each other is indicated by the index G (figure 4).

The fixed inductor coil 2a is attached to the lateral cylindrical portion 1a of the ferromagnetic body 1 by means of an annular element 6. The annular element 6 is made of insulating material, for example textolite. Between the flat surface 2c of the stationary inductor coil 2a and the end disk portion 1b of the ferromagnetic housing, a gap 7 is made in which the disk ferromagnetic core 8 is coaxially located.

Anchor 3 is made in the form of an electrically conductive 9 and shock 10 disks with central holes that are interconnected by fasteners 10a. The flat surface 9a of the electrically conductive disk 9 is adjacent to the movable inductor coil 2b.

Between the end disk portion 1c of the ferromagnetic body with the axial guide hole 1g and the impact disk 10 of the armature, a return spring 11 is installed.

The cylindrical hammer 4 is made with a guide 4a, protruding 4b and shock 4c parts (Fig.13). The guide part of the striker 4a passes through the internal holes 2b and 2g of the coils of the inductor 2 and the armature 3, and its end is connected to a disk ferromagnetic core 8.

The protruding part of the striker 4b contains a flat surface 4g, which interacts by abutment with the impact disk 10 of the armature 3, and a conical surface 4d, which narrows in the direction of the deformation object 12 and interacts with the return spring 11.

The shock part of the striker 4c is arranged to move through the central guide hole 1g of the end disk portion 1c of the ferromagnetic body. Its pointed end 4e is directed towards the object of deformation 12, in which the hammer 4 makes holes 12a.

The cylindrical hammer 4 is made of ferromagnetic material, and its impact part 4c is hardened, which provides it with increased rigidity.

The movable coil of the inductor 2b contains four orderly located in the tangential direction and axially directed rod element 13, which are placed in the guide holes 14 of the ring element 6 (Fig.10).

Two oppositely located guiding rod elements are made in the form of electrodes 13a and are connected to the electrical leads (not shown) of the movable inductor coil 2b. The electrodes 13a are in contact with electrically conductive inserts 15, which are located and electrically isolated in the ring element 6.

An electrical terminal 16 of the fixed coil of the inductor 2a is connected to one electrically conductive insert 15 (Fig. 9). To another electrically conductive insert 15 is attached one electrical output 17 of the excitation system 5 (Fig.6); the second terminal 18 of the excitation system 5 is connected to the electrical terminal of the stationary coil of the inductor 2a (Fig. 8).

In the holes 2b and 2d of the inductor coils 2a and 2b, cylindrical insulating sleeves 19a and 19b are fixed, the inner holes of which are made with a sliding surface for the guide part of the striker 4a. The inductor coils 2a and 26, together with the cylindrical insulating sleeves, respectively 19a and 19b, are made monolithic, which is achieved by impregnating them with epoxy resin and then hardening it.

Guide rods in the form of electrodes 13a are made with flat sections 13b. The holes 14 of the electrically conductive inserts 15, which span the electrodes 13a, are made with flat sections 14b (Fig. 12).

Inside the holes 14 of the electrically conductive inserts 15 are installed flat contact electrically conductive springs 20, the surface of which is facing the electrodes 13a, has a low coefficient of friction.

The surface of the electrodes 136 facing the flat contact conductive springs 20 has a low coefficient of friction.

Shock electromechanical transducer of a combined type operates as follows.

In the initial state, the return spring 11 presses the protruding part of the striker 46 until its flat surface 4g abuts against the impact disk 10 of the armature 3. In this case, the flat surface 9a of the electrically conductive disk 9 is adjacent to the movable coil of the inductor 26, and the disk ferromagnetic core 8 is adjacent to the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic housing 16.

When the signal arrives at the electronic switch VS, the charged capacitive energy storage device C is discharged to the inductor 2. Due to the presence of a reverse shunt diode VD, a polar aperiodic current pulse i is generated in the inductor 2, having a short initial front and subsequent smooth decay (Fig. 5).

Since the inductor coils 2a and 2b are connected in series, the same current flows in their conductors. The current is transmitted through the terminal 18 of the excitation system 5 to the fixed coil of the inductor 2a (terminal B); from this coil through an electrical terminal 16 (assembly D) to an electrically conductive insert 15, where current is transmitted through an electrically conductive spring 20 through an electrode 13a to a movable inductor coil 2b. From the second electrode 13a of the moving coil 2b through the contact springs 20 of the electrically conductive insert 15, to the excitation system 5 (clamp B).

Since the inductor coils 2a and 2b are connected counterclockwise in a magnetic field, currents flow in them in opposite directions (Fig. 4). As a result of this, an electrodynamic repulsive force arises between them, which leads to the displacement of the movable coil of the inductor 2b in the direction of the deformation object 12.

In this case, eddy currents are induced in the electrically conductive disk of the armature 9, mainly from the closely located coil of the inductor 2b, due to which an electrodynamic force of induction-dynamic repulsion arises between them, which leads to the movement of the armature 3 relative to the moving coil 2b with high speed.

At the same time, an electromagnetic attractive force acts on the disk ferromagnetic core 8 mainly from the side of the closely located stationary coil of the inductor 2a, which gives the anchor additional speed. The kinetic energy of the armature 3 increases both due to an increase in its speed from the electrodynamic forces of the coil currents directed to one side, the electrodynamic forces of induction-dynamic repulsion and electromagnetic forces, and due to an increase in the moving mass, mainly due to the attached core 8.

The hammer 4 under the influence of a significant total force rapidly moves towards the object of deformation 12, punching the pointed end 4e of the hole 12A. When this return spring 11 is compressed (figure 3). After attenuation of the current pulse in the inductor 2, the return spring 11 moves the armature 3 to its original position. After this, the displacement of the deformation object 12 occurs so that opposite to the striker 4 there is an unbroken portion.

Thus, in the proposed shock electromechanical transducer of the combined type, significant total power pulses develop, which are transmitted from the striker to the deformation object, which increases the efficiency of converting the electrical energy of the pulse source into kinetic energy.

Information sources

1. RF patent №2018377, MKI B06B 1/04. - Publ. 08/30/94, bull. No. 16.

2. A.S. USSR No. 796132, MKI B65G 65/40. - Publ. 01/15/81, bull. No. 2.

3. Tyutkin V.A. Magnetic-pulse method of destruction of arches and cleaning of technological equipment from adhering materials // Electrical Engineering. - M., - 2002. - No. 11. - S.24-28.

4. Patent of Ukraine No. 97561, MKI G06F 12/14. - Publ. 02/27/2012, Bull. No. 4 (prototype).

Claims (10)

1. A shock-type electromechanical transducer of a combined type, comprising a coaxially located ferromagnetic body, an inductor, a movable armature and a movable hammer, inside the ferromagnetic body made with side cylindrical and end disk sections, an inductor and an electrically conductive armature disk are located, the inductor is made in the form of a coil with a central hole , the anchor is made in the form of an electrically conductive disk with a central hole, the flat surface of which is adjacent to the inductor, and coaxially located a shock disk interacting with the striker, the pointed end of which is directed toward the object of deformation, between the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic body with an axial guide hole and an electrically conductive armature disk a return spring is installed, characterized in that the inductor connected to the pulse excitation system is made in the form fixed and movable coils, which are interconnected electrically in series and counter-magnetic field, fixed inductor coil attached to the lateral cylindrical portion of the ferromagnetic housing by means of an annular element so that between the flat surface of the stationary coil and the end disk portion of the ferromagnetic housing remote from the deformation object, a gap is made in which the disk ferromagnetic core is coaxially located, the movable inductor coil contains four orderly located in the tangential direction and axially directed rod elements, which are placed in the guide holes of the annular element, wherein two opposing guide rod elements that are connected to the electrical terminals of the movable inductor coil are made in the form of electrodes in contact with electrically conductive inserts that are electrically isolated in the ring element, while an electrical terminal of the stationary inductor coil is connected to one electrically conductive insert, one electrical terminal of the excitation system is connected to another electrically conductive insert, the second terminal of which is connected to an electric with the output of the stationary inductor coil, the cylindrical firing pin is made with a guide, protruding and shock parts so that the guide part of the striker passes through the internal holes of the inductor coils and the armature, made in the form of interconnected electroconductive and shock disks, and the end of the guide part of the striker is connected to disk ferromagnetic core, the protruding part of the striker contains a flat surface that interacts with the impact disk of the armature, and tapering to the object of deformation conical surface which cooperates with a return spring, and the knock part of the striker is movable through the central guide hole of the end portion of the ferromagnetic disc housing. 2. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the pulsed excitation system includes a capacitive energy storage device and an electronic switch connected in series, which are shunted by a reverse diode. 3. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical insulating sleeve is fixed in the hole of the inductor coil, the inner hole of which is made with a sliding surface for the guide part of the striker. 4. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide rod made in the form of an electrode and the hole of the electrically conductive insert covering it are made with flat sections. 5. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 4, characterized in that inside the hole of the electrically conductive insert are installed flat contact electrically conductive springs whose surfaces facing the electrode are made with a low coefficient of friction. 6. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 5, characterized in that the surface of the electrode facing the flat contact conductive spring is made with a low coefficient of friction. 7. Impact electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular element is made of insulating material. 8. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductor coil together with the cylindrical insulating sleeve is made monolithic by impregnation with epoxy resin and its subsequent solidification. 9. The shock electromechanical converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral cylindrical and end disk sections of the ferromagnetic body are made with the possibility of separation. 10. Impact electromechanical transducer according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical firing pin is made of ferromagnetic material, and its impact part is hardened.

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