RU2535389C2 - Cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery. The cultivator comprises a frame with S-shaped spring suspensions equipped with hoes. On each S-shaped spring suspension a curved slider is movably mounted. The slider is rigidly connected on one side with a handle of the slider displacement, and on the other side it is also rigidly connected to the finger. The finger is movably located on the axis fixed in the bracket. The bracket is fixed to the frame. The finger is provided with a cam on the circular surface generator of which a series of the recesses is formed, sequentially arranged relative to each other, interacting with the rolling bodies of retainer of spherical shape. The retainer is spring-loaded with a screw compression spring relative to the said cultivator frame.

EFFECT: constructive implementation enables to improve stability of motion of the working body of the cultivator in soil regardless of its density.

2 dwg

Description

The alleged invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and can be used in various designs of tillage units.

Known cultivator KPS-4 (see the book Karpenko AN, Khalansky VN "Agricultural Machines"; 6th ed. Revised and enlarged - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989) described on page 54 -56 and shown in Fig. 11.6. this book. The design of such a cultivator provides that its working bodies are rigidly fixed on racks made of elastic material and having an S-shape. Such fastening of the working bodies is more effective, because due to their elastic properties, it is possible to obtain higher agrotechnical indicators of soil cultivation and, in case of contact with foreign objects, to avoid residual deformations and breakdowns. However, despite the relatively high efficiency of their use, they have a very important drawback, namely, that the bending stiffness of S-shaped racks is constant, and therefore the latter are intended for narrow cultivation of soils with a predetermined density and therefore use them on other types of soils, where the dispersion of the density of the latter is quite wide, it seems possible. So, for example, with a high density of soil of an S-shaped form, the racks will receive a higher angular rotation than when treating soils with a lower density, and this will cause uneven processing of the latter.

A cultivator is also known, the design of which is recognized by the invention (RU 2464757 C1, 10.27.2012). Such a cultivator contains a frame with paws rigidly attached to it using S-shaped spring pendants, and in the S-shaped spring pendants, in their longitudinal plane, through grooves and notches transversely arranged relative to them are made, interacting with mates made in a curved shape thrust plates rigidly attached to the bushings pivotally mounted on the fingers, connected to the frame of the cultivator and also movably located in the said through grooves of S-shaped spring suspensions, and the bushings with a curved shape by the thrust plates are spring-loaded with compression springs relative to the fingers pivotally connected to the cultivator frame. This design ensures the stability of the movement of the working bodies in soils having different densities due to changes in the bending stiffness of S-shaped spring suspensions. Despite its efficiency of use, this design has a significant drawback, namely, the presence of through grooves made in S-shaped spring pendants helps to reduce the fatigue strength of the latter due to the occurrence of high stresses created by the grooves, which are concentrators.

Therefore, the aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of S-shaped spring suspensions due to not only the ability to control the bending stiffness of the latter when operating the cultivator on soils having different hardness, but also to increase the reliability of the suspensions due to the elimination of grooves in them.

This goal is achieved by the fact that on each S-shaped spring suspension a slider is mounted movably curved, rigidly connected on one side to the slide handle, and on the other hand also rigidly connected to a finger, which is movably located on an axis mounted in an arm mounted on the frame, and the finger is equipped with a cam, on a circular generatrix of the surface of which a series of recesses are arranged consecutively relative to each other, interacting with rolling bodies of a spherical shape f an ixator spring loaded with a compression screw spring relative to said cultivator frame.

In the drawings of FIG. 1, a perspective view of an S-shaped spring suspension of a working body is shown in perspective, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an enlarged assembly of a locking device of a working length of an S-shaped spring suspension.

The cultivator consists of a frame 1, on which an S-shaped spring suspension 2 with a paw 3 is rigidly fixed at one end. On the S-shaped spring suspension 2, a slider 4 with a rigidly attached handle 5 is mounted movably on it. On a curved shape, the slider 4 also pin 6 is rigidly mounted, equipped with a cam 7, and pin 6 is movably located on an axis 8 mounted in an arm 9 mounted on the frame 1. In the cam 7, recesses 10 are made, interacting with a rolling body of a spherical shape of the latch 11, spring-loaded screw compression spring relative to the frame 12.

The cultivator works as follows: when treating the soil with a working body (paw 3), the load P acts on it, arising from the latter overcoming the soil into which it is buried. To simplify the problem, we believe that such a load is constant, i.e. P = const, and does not cause elastic deformation of the S-shaped spring suspension 2, while the paw 3 is located on a given recess in the soil and moves together with the frame 1 of the cultivator quite stable. Suppose now that this load increased due to the fact that the cultivator began to cultivate the soil with a density much higher than in the first case, and so much that it caused angular elastic deformation of the S-shaped spring suspension 2 along arrow A, and such an angular the deformation associated with the movement of the paw 3 to the left of FIG. 1, which thereby eliminates the predetermined technological process of cutting the soil, passing into the process of its dump. This phenomenon is caused by the low stiffness of the section of the S-shaped spring suspension 2 located between the point of application of the load P and the place of its termination on the frame 1 of the cultivator. It is known that such deformation came from the action of the critical force P _KR , which is determined by the known dependence (see the book by Feodosiev VI, “Resistance of materials”, Moscow: Nauka 1970, pp. 417-422 of the section “Large displacements of rod "):

$$P_{\mathrm{TO}R}=\frac{{\pi }^2\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="E\; J\; l"\; filenames="00000003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">E\; </figure-callout>}J}{l^{}},$$

where: EJ is the stiffness of the cross section of the flexible rod;

l is the length of the considered portion of the flexible rod.

From this dependence it is seen that one of its most important indicators is the length of the rod l, i.e. the smaller it is, the greater the value of P _{KR is} greater for the same parameters E and J. Therefore, the proposed technical solution uses this principle by changing the working length of the S-shaped spring suspension 2 as follows. If the cultivator is operated on denser soils, then by manually moving along the arrow B (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) the handle 5 together with the curved shape of the slider 4, while the finger 6 also receives an angular rotation on axis 8 in the same direction. In this case, the cam 7, also having received an angular rotation, squeezes the rolling body of the spherical shape of the clamp 11 along arrow C, while elastically deforming the compression screw spring 12 in the same direction. But since the angular rotation of the curved shape of the slider 4 continues, the rolling body of the spherical shape of the latch 11 will come into contact with another recess 10, which will allow to fix the curved shape of the slider 4 already in this new position. This ultimately allows to reduce the working length of the S-shaped spring suspension 2 and thereby increase its resistance to the action of the force P applied to the foot 3 of the cultivator. Carrying out the described operation of turning the curved shape of the slider 4 at various angles depending on the density of the treated soil, it is possible to obtain the required stability of movement of the legs 3 of the cultivator and thereby ensure the quality of the cultivated land. The stroke of the curved shape of the slider 4 can be made much larger and in each case can be established experimentally.

The technical and economic advantage of the proposed technical solution in comparison with the known ones is obvious, because it allows you to expand the operational characteristics of the cultivator working on various soils with different densities.

Claims (1)

A cultivator comprising a frame with S-shaped spring pendants equipped with paws, characterized in that on each S-shaped spring pendant, a slider is curvilinearly movably mounted, rigidly connected on one side to the slide handle, and on the other hand also rigidly connected to a finger which is movably located on an axis mounted in an arm fixed to the frame, the finger being provided with a cam, on a circular generating surface of which a series of consecutively arranged relative to each other is made recesses interacting with the rolling bodies of spherical shape retainer, spring-loaded compression coil spring relative to said frame of the cultivator.

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