RU2534381C1 - Method of measurement of biometric parameters of wood plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: scale device is fitted to vertical position by displacing its centre relative to ground. Shooting is performed while scale device boundaries are set by visual determination of scaler top and bottom boundaries, said scaler being lifted above ground so that its top and bottom edges are visible. Shooting is carried out along with indication of the tree inventory number at scaler.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of biometric parameter measurements, accelerated data processing, lower costs.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for measuring biometric parameters of woody plants during scientific research and inventory of green spaces in an urbanized environment, as well as in the forestry industry when performing tax surveys.

When taxing urban plantings, the following biometric parameters are measured: the height of the tree from the base to the apical part of the crown, the maximum diameter of the crown in two mutually perpendicular directions, the diameter of the trunk at a height of 1.3 m.

A known method of measuring the biometric parameters of a growing tree using the Christen altimeter [1, 2]. The method consists in the fact that a pole of known length (1.5-2 m) is adhered to the tree, along which the sight is carried out. The specialist moves away to a distance convenient for sighting and sightes the altimeter at three points. The value of the height of the tree is determined by the Hristen scale.

The disadvantage of this method is that it allows you to determine only the height of the tree. The difficulty of using this method lies in the simultaneous sighting of three points, while the trembling of the hand affects the accuracy of the measurement. The measurement error largely depends on the correct installation of the pole.

A known method of measuring taxation characteristics using video [3]. The measurement method belongs to the group of baseless methods, i.e. To determine the taxation parameters, it is not necessary to measure the distance from the object to the place of video recording. In this method, the worker measures the diameter of the tree trunk with a measuring fork, then the taxator makes a video of the tree so that the whole tree fits in the frame, while the taxator dictates the number of the lawn and tree, its species and condition, and the diameter of the tree determined by the microphone of the video camera. to the workers. After this, the tree stops shooting and the taxiator and worker move to another tree. The footage is processed in office conditions. The resulting video materials are storyboard and then process the results on a computer. To do this, the image of the tree captured by the video camera, using the video blaster, is entered into the computer memory and displayed on the computer monitor. Using a graphical editor, the relative coordinates of the base of the tree, the top of the tree and the head of a person are measured.

The formula calculates the height of the tree.

H = (T / P) * L,

where H is the height of the tree, m; T is the difference in relative coordinates between the base of the tree and the head of a person standing next to the tree; L - human height, m.

Similarly, the parameters of the crown are determined.

The method allows to abandon the measurement of tree height with an altimeter and evaluate the habit of trees, as well as crown parameters.

The disadvantages of the above method is that:

- measurements are carried out by two people: a taxator and his assistant. During video shooting, the assistant switches from plant to plant. The vertical projection of the assistant’s body is used as a large-scale object. To maintain a stable position, the assistant can deviate from the vertical position, and his projection will have a value different from the person’s height, which is made up of his height, shoe height and headgear. In addition, the assistant stands on the ground, which is usually covered with grass or snow, which makes it difficult to determine the reference point. These circumstances affect the measurement error;

- the use of an additional working unit increases the cost of the inventory of landscaping objects;

- in office conditions, an additional stage of processing the footage appears - the storyboard of the video material and the selection of the most suitable frames. The work becomes more time-consuming, which leads to an additional rise in price.

The problem solved by the invention is to improve the accuracy of measuring the biometric parameters of woody plants and simplify the measurement process.

The technical result achieved by the proposed measurement method consists in increasing the accuracy of measuring biometric parameters by automatically installing the scale pole in a vertical position, the ability to change its length and establish the boundaries of the scale device, reducing the time for processing the material, and reducing the cost of inventorying city landscaping objects.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of measuring the biometric parameters of woody plants, including installing a scale device near a tree, shooting a woody plant together with a scale device so that the whole tree fits into the frame, and scaling by processing the obtained materials using computer, the installation of the scale device in a vertical position is carried out by shifting the center of gravity to the lower point of the scale device, the shooting is carried out otografirovaniem and establishing boundaries of the scale device is carried out by visually determining the lower and upper boundaries of the scale device, elevated above the ground at a distance at which the visible upper and lower edges of the scale device.

Photographing is carried out indicating the inventory number of the tree on a large-scale device.

The self-installation of the scale device in a vertical position by shifting the center of gravity of the scale device relative to the ground contributes to the ability of the device to maintain a vertical position, thereby making accurate calculations of the parameters of the woody plant, and reduces the calculation error.

Installation of the device and photographing the object can be done by one person, which significantly reduces the cost of work.

Figure 1 presents a General view of a scale device; figure 2 presents the alignment of lines in the photograph; figure 3 is an image of the segments in the photograph; figure 4 - preparation of the calculation sheet in the environment of the program MS Excel.

The method of measuring the biometric parameters of woody plants using photographs using the baseless method is as follows. The scale device is installed in line with the plant, perpendicular to the direction of the photographing axis. Due to the displacement of the center of gravity of the scale device relative to the ground, the scale device is self-installed in a vertical position. Then put on the tablet the necessary information (the serial number of the tree, the number of the examined area, the diameter of the tree trunk at a height of 1.3 m). From a sufficient distance, photograph the subject. A tree plant is photographed together with a large-scale device in such a way that the whole plant fits in the frame. The processing of materials is carried out in office conditions. The resulting image is loaded into the environment of a graphic editor, which makes it possible to "layer-by-layer" apply images (for example, a segment, line, circle, square, etc.), change image properties and measure them. The image can also be processed in any computer-aided design (CAD) system. The use of a high-resolution digital camera (tablet computer) allows one to proceed directly to calculations in field or field conditions without additional preliminary processing operations.

In a graphical editor, over the image depict the necessary segments and calculate their sizes: a segment that repeats the image of the pole; segments of the desired parameters of woody plants (plant height, height of the stem, crown diameter, height to the maximum diameter of the crown, etc.).

Calculations are carried out according to the formula and are entered in the survey sheet:

$$Y_i=\frac{L\cdot y_i}{l},(\mathrm{one})$$

where Y _i is the desired parameter, m;

L is the height of the scale pole, m;

y _i - the length of the segment of the desired parameter in the photo editor in the photo;

l - the length of the pole in the graphics editor.

Example 1

To conduct research and inventory of green spaces in an urban environment, it is necessary to draw up a plan of the studied landscaping object. Depending on the area, the landscaping object can be divided into sections, as a rule, these are the areas of lawn cover, separated by a road-footpath network. Woody plants are numbered in the selected area. The route of going around the landscaping object is planned.

On the site, the specialist installs a large-scale device 1.5 m long, raised above the ground so that the lower and upper parts are accurately visible in the camera’s lens, in line with a woody plant perpendicular to the direction of the photographing axis. The studied object is balsam poplar. The diameter of the barrel at a height of 1.3 m is 18 cm. The diameter of the barrel is recorded in the inspection sheet. The serial number of the plant is 1 and the plot number is 2. The specialist moves away so that the test object fits completely into the camera’s lens, and the upper part of the large-scale device is in the central part of the frame, and photographs the object of study.

In office conditions, a photograph of a woody plant is processed in a graphical editor or in a computer-aided design (CAD) system. Consider the processing of photo images in a CAD system. We create a drawing into which we insert the resulting photo image. In a new view, we depict a vertical segment l repeating the image of a large-scale device, the magnitude of which is 92.66 mm.

On the photo image, we draw segments and measure the length of the segments of the desired biometric parameters of the plant: y ₁ = 376, 73 mm (tree height - a vertical segment from the base of the plant to the horizontal tangent to the top of the crown of the plant); y ₂ = 154.71 mm (the maximum diameter of the crown is the horizontal segment between the vertical tangents to the edges of the crown of the plant). In the calculation sheet, the calculations of the values of the field parameters Y _i are calculated by the formula:

, $$Y_i=\frac{L\cdot y_i}{l}$$

,

where Y _i - field parameter, m;

L is the length of the scale pole, m;

y _i - the length of the segment of the desired parameter in the photo editor in the photo;

l is the length of a segment of a scale pole in a graphical editor.

The height of the tree, Y ₁ , is:

$$Y_{\mathrm{one}}=\frac{\mathrm{1,5}m\cdot 376.73mm}{92.66mm}=6.09m$$

The maximum diameter of the crown, Y ₂ , is:

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="Y"\; filenames="00000008.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Y</figure-callout>}}_2=\frac{\mathrm{1,5}m\cdot 154.71mm}{92.66mm}=2.5m$$

Values of full-scale parameters are entered in the survey sheet.

In the claimed solution, a large-scale device allows for certification of urban landscaping facilities without the participation of additional labor with the necessary and sufficient measurement accuracy, which is achieved by automatically installing the device in a vertical position. The exclusion of a unit of labor reduces the cost of work when inventorying landscaping objects in an urbanized environment.

Information sources

1 Anuchin, N.P. Forest taxation: a textbook for universities - 5th ed. add. / N.P. Anuchin - M: Forestry, 1982. - 552 p.

2. Sergeev, P.N. Forest taxation / P.N. Sergeev - M: Goslesbumizdat, 1953.- 311 p.).

3. Artemyev, O.S. Methods of taxation of urban plantings: Monograph / OS. Artemyev. - Krasnoyarsk: SibGTU, 2003 .-- 100 p.

Claims (2)

1. A method of measuring the biometric parameters of woody plants, including installing a scale device near a tree, taking a tree plant together with a scale device so that the whole tree fits in the frame, and scaling by processing the materials obtained using a computer, characterized in that the scale devices in a vertical position are produced by shifting the center of gravity of a large-scale device relative to the ground, shooting is done by photographing, and setting scaling down device is carried out by visually determining the lower and upper boundaries of the scale device, elevated above the ground at a distance at which the visible upper and lower edges of the scale device. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the photographing is carried out indicating the inventory number of the tree on a large-scale device.

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