RU2533839C2 - Apparatus for electrical stimulation of gastrointestinal tract - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medical equipment, namely to gastroenterostimulators for the early postoperative recovery of the gastrointestinal motor functions. An apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract comprises a step-down transformer with an electrical isolation of primary and secondary windings; a power indicator; an attenuator having three stimulation current control steps; a stimulation current indicator; a stimulation rhythm indicator; a switching unit supplying an electrical stimulating pulse into the oral cavity during chewing. A gastrointestinal motor function stimulation unit represents a rubber brick made from toxically safe chewable rubber. The rubber brick comprises paralleled hermetic micro-switches supplied from an output of the attenuator. On the periphery of the rubber brick, there are mounted silver terminals supplying electrical stimulating pulses onto a bioobject. Every time the gums press the rubber brick when chewing the micro-switches are closed and thereby supply power onto the external terminals arranged on the periphery of the rubber brick and electrically stimulate the patient's oral cavity in time with the chewing reflex rhythm.

EFFECT: providing the early postoperative motor functional recovery of the gastrointestinal tract.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of medical equipment, namely to gastroenterostimulants for restoring the motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract in the early postoperative period.

Known electrical stimulants of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), made in the form of portable devices with autonomous power supply, including a rectangular pulse generator, a power source, a drain tube-probe made in the form of two isolated parts-electrodes, the generator and the power source placed inside the capsule ( A. S. No. 1223922 of 02.13.84, IPC A61 N 1/36), or in the form of stationary devices, including a generator, a power source, electrodes, one of which is mounted on a gastroduodenal probe, and the second is a meta a face plate for application to the anterior abdominal wall (see Bredikhis, Yu.U. Essays on Clinical Electronics, Medicine, 1974, pp. 123-125).

A further development of stationary gastrointestinal electrical stimulants was “Endoton-1” devices (see A.I. Korobov “Electrostimulator of the gastrointestinal tract“ Endoton-1 ". // Medical equipment - 1977-No.2, S.12-14) and RF patent №2135225 dated 08/27/1999, IPC A61 N 1/32, containing a power supply unit, a control unit, a frequency generator connected in series, a pulse shaper, a power amplifier, a drain tube probe with an olive capsule. In contrast to the “Endoton-1” apparatus, in the second case, to increase the information content of the gastrointestinal tract, a forcing unit, pressure and temperature sensors, a control unit, a microprocessor, a measuring unit, and an indication unit for diagnosing the gastrointestinal tract between electrical stimulation sessions are introduced to increase the effectiveness of electrophysiotherapeutic procedures.

Common disadvantages of all the above gastrointestinal electrostimulators, which are analogues of the proposed apparatus, are as follows:

1. The presence of electrodes for supplying a stimulus, the introduction of which into the gastrointestinal tract is an unpleasant procedure for the patient, which can also lead to injury.

2. All electrical stimulators of the digestive tract work in asynchronous mode with the biological rhythms of the patient. With this approach, under certain conditions, physiological rhythms are adjusted to the parameters of the physiological influence factor, i.e. there is an “imposition” of the external rhythm on the backbone endogenous rhythms of the body [1, see pp. 137-142].

The aim of the invention is to develop an apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract to restore motility of the gastrointestinal tract in the postoperative period to remove part of the stomach, intestine, as well as gastrointestinal diseases associated with its paresis or paralysis.

The essence of the invention is as follows: Studies of the last two decades [1-5] show that a significant increase in the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures occurs when the physical impact factor is synchronized with the biological rhythms of the body. These rhythms (heart rate, respiration, chewing, EEG, etc.) are characterized by the properties of gameostatic self-regulation and can play the role of stabilizing factors in the regulation of various body functions [3].

As you know, the gastrointestinal tract is a continuous tube connecting the oral opening with the anal, and consists of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, small and large intestine. In the digestive tract, secretion products of several organs, including salivary and pancreas and liver, enter. The walls of the digestive tube along its entire length are built according to a single plan, although its different departments perform different functions. The regulation of the function of the gastrointestinal tract (food transportation, its storage, digestion and absorption) is carried out:

a) the regulation of a number of hormones and biologically active peptides;

b) due to contractile activity of smooth muscle cells;

c) autonomic nervous system.

The oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus form a functional unit where the food is ground by chewing and wetting with saliva. Chewing is rhythmic in nature and is carried out as an involuntary reflex act (biological rhythm) [6].

Presentation of the gastrointestinal tract as a digestive system continuous from beginning to end with a fine differentiation allows us to present its motility as a single dynamic process for the entire system.

Based on these ideas, to achieve this goal, a device was developed for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract in order to restore motor function as soon as possible in the early postoperative period. The apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract contains a step-down transformer with electrical isolation of the primary and secondary windings; network indicator; an attenuator having three stages of regulation of the stimulation current; stimulation current indicator; stimulation rhythm indicator; a switching unit that provides an electrostimulating impulse to the oral cavity during chewing. The block of stimulation of motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract is a rubber block made of rubber that is toxic for chewing (for example, rubber from a baby teething). Inside the rubber block there are sealed microswitches connected in parallel to each other, to which power is supplied from the output of the attenuator. Silver contacts are mounted on the edges of the rubber block for supplying electrostimulating impulses to the biological object.

Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of an apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract. The apparatus is powered by an industrial AC network and includes a step-down transformer 1 with electrical isolation of the primary and secondary windings; network indicator 2; an attenuator 4 having three stages of adjustment of the stimulation current (9 mA, 12 mA, 15 mA); stimulation current indicator 3; a switching unit 5, which provides an electrostimulating impulse to the oral cavity during chewing. The gastrointestinal tract motor function stimulation unit 6 is a rubber block made of chewing rubber (a piece of rubber from a baby teething was taken as a material for making the bar), convenient for chewing. Inside the rubber bar are placed flat sealed microswitches connected in parallel, to which power is supplied from the output of the attenuator 4. Silver contacts are mounted along the edges of the bar into the rubber to supply 7 electrostimulating pulses to the biological object.

The device operates as follows. During chewing, each time the jaw compresses a rubber block, one or more microswitches closes and thereby supplies power to external contacts located along the edges of the bar, electrostimulating the patient's oral cavity to the rhythm of the chewing reflex.

Literature

1. Berkutov A.M., Vinogradov A.L., Globin V.I. and others. Systems of complex electromagnetotherapy: a textbook for universities. / Ed. A.M. Berkutova, V.I. Zhuleva, G.A. Kuraeva, E.M. Proshina. - M .: Laboratory of basic knowledge, 2000 - 376 p.

2. Glace L., Mackey M. From the clock to chaos: The rhythms of life: Transl. From English. - M .: 1991. - 248 p.

3. Chronobiology and chronomedicine. / Ed. F.I. Komarova. - M.: 1989, 400 p.

4. Fedotchev A.I. Endogenous rhythms of an organism as a factor of modulation of stimulation parameters. // Biophysics, 1996.V.41. Issue 3. S.718-722.

5. Magomedov D.A., Magomedsaidova S.Z. The principles of synchronization and modulation of physiotherapeutic effects of endogenous rhythms of the body. // Biomedical Electronics - 2009. - No. 3 - S.60-64.

6. Human physiology. In 3 volumes. T.3 .: Per. from English / Ed. R. Schmidt and G. Teus. - M .: Mir, 1996 - 198 p.

Claims (1)

The apparatus for electrical stimulation of the gastrointestinal tract, containing a step-down transformer, network indicator, stimulation current indicator, attenuator, electrodes, characterized in that the stimulation unit of the motor functions of the gastrointestinal tract is a flat rubber block made of non-toxic chewing rubber, inside of which three sealed microswitches, to which power is supplied from the output of the attenuator, and silver electrodes with alternating polarity are mounted at the edges for alternating polarity bioobject elektrostimuliruyushih pulses during chewing, every time when the jaws are compressed rubber block, closing the contacts of the microswitch, thereby supplying power to the electrodes in time with chewing reflex.