RU2533600C1 - Pulsator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: pulsator comprises a casing with sealed pulsation chambers 1, where motor-driven shafts 2 with discs rigidly fixed on them are mounted coaxially to the chambers. The casing consists of 4 vertically set cylindrical pulsation chambers 1 that are communicating and are symmetrically set on mutually perpendicular axes in plan view. The chambers 1 are connected pairwise by two parallel upper branch pipes and perpendicular to them - by two parallel lower branch pipes. The discs are installed at an angle to the shafts 2 in their central part so that their upper edge is below the upper branch pipe and the lower edge is above the lower branch pipe. External branch pipes 8 are mounted at the casing diagonals on the outer side of every chamber at half of their height.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of item washing.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to methods of washing the contour systems of atomic steam generating units (APPU), and can be used for washing pipelines and hydraulic systems of various transport objects, as well as in the repair of energy and transport systems.

The resource and operational reliability of equipment for various systems depends on the cleanliness of internal cavities, by thorough cleaning of which it is possible to prevent premature wear of critical elements and increase the duration of their trouble-free operation. That is why, the requirements for the purity of internal cavities and paths are mandatory for almost all systems and power plants, including nuclear ones. These requirements are set out in the relevant regulatory documents.

Modern washing methods can be divided into flow and intensive. The duration of flushing the systems by the flow method is quite large, and the approximate complexity of flushing the pipelines of hydraulic systems can be up to 40% of the total time spent on the manufacture and assembly of the entire unit. The power of the direct-flow washing stand electric drive in shipbuilding can reach more than 100 kW, therefore, the cost of electricity at the shipyard scale is very significant.

These disadvantages of the direct-wash method can be significantly reduced using the intensive washing method. For intensive flushing, in-line flushing stands include devices for intensifying flushing of pipelines and systems.

Several methods for intensive flushing of pipelines and systems are known. Of these methods, washing with the pulsating flow method and washing with the method of changing the direction of movement of the washing medium are most widely used.

The pulsating flow of the washing medium arises from the operation of the pulsator, which is connected to the direct-flow washing stand directly into the path or parallel to the path. When the pulsator is operating, a flow occurs with a pulsating flow rate and pressure of the washing medium.

The changed flow direction of the washing medium is created using a system of switches installed directly in the path of the direct-flow washing stand, and to change the direction of flow, it is necessary to turn off the electric drive of the stand to avoid water hammer.

Known hydro pulsator by A.S. No. 520460, providing a pulsating flow of washing medium (working fluid), containing a cylindrical body with radially located inlet and outlet working windows and a distribution window in communication with them, made on the outer cylindrical surface of the spool rotating inside the housing. The spool distribution window is made profiled in accordance with the shape of a given impulse of the washing medium, and in the case in the area of the outlet working window there is a device for changing the shape of this working window, made, for example, in the form of a set of profiled plates fixed in positions determined by the shape required for this pulse window.

The disadvantages of this pulsator are:

- the washing medium during the operation of the pulsator moves only in one direction, therefore, accumulation of stagnant zones of dirt in the washed cavities is possible, and, as a result, additional time is required for washing them;

- the predetermined shape of the pressure pulse of the washing medium is determined by the profile of the distribution window in the rotating spool and a set of profile plates in the area of the outlet working window of the housing, so the pulsator does not have the ability to control the pressure pulse in a wide range without stopping the cavity washing process itself.

A device is known that changes the direction of flow of the washing fluid in the washed product and the washing stand using a system of valves connected to a hydraulic bridge (J. "Shipbuilding". No. 6. 2011 (November-December), p. 56).

The disadvantage of this device are:

- when washing cavities using this device, there is no impulse to change the pressure of the washing medium, which slows the separation of particles from the washed surfaces;

- before switching the direction of movement of the washing liquid to eliminate the phenomenon of water hammer, it is necessary to stop the washing process.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a pulsator according to A.S. No. 335015, adopted as a prototype.

This pulsator comprises a housing including successively arranged communicating high-pressure chambers and a pulsation chamber, a shaft passing through the chambers, a rotating disk with windows mounted on a shaft in the high-pressure chamber, and a fixed disk located between the rotating disk and the pulsation chamber with windows identical to the windows of the rotating disk and located at the same distance from the axis of the shaft as the windows of the rotating disk. The windows of each of the disks have a different size and are located on the fixed disk along the radius, in order of increasing or decreasing their size, and on the rotating disk - in a spiral, in order to ensure that when the disk rotates, its windows are combined with windows of the same size of the fixed disk.

However, the prototype has the following disadvantages:

- when the pulsator is operating, the washing medium moves in only one direction, therefore, congestion of mud stagnant zones in the washed cavities is possible, therefore, additional time is required for washing them;

- the predetermined shape of the pressure pulse of the washing medium is determined by the number and diameters of the openings of the windows that are located on the rotating and fixed disks, therefore the pulsator does not have the ability to control the pressure pulse in a wide range without stopping the washing process and replacing the rotating and fixed disks with a different number and diameter of holes .

The objective of the invention is to develop a high-performance, reliable and relatively inexpensive pulsator with the ability to control periodic pulses of pressure of washing water in a wide range while changing the direction of flow per revolution of the drive shaft of the pulsator only in the cavity of the washed product, without changing the direction of flow of the direct-flow washing stand.

The main technical result, due to which the task is ensured, is to increase the efficiency of washing products by:

- combining two methods of washing products - creating periodic pressure pulses and changing the direction of flow of the washing medium;

- regulation of the pressure pulse of the washing liquid in a wide range without stopping the drive of the once-through washing stand.

The technical result is obtained due to the fact that the pulsator is made in the form of a housing with sealed pulsation chambers, in which shafts rotating from the engine are mounted coaxially with the disks fixed to them. In addition, the casing is made of 4 vertically mounted cylindrical pulsation chambers connected in plan and symmetrically located on mutually perpendicular axes, connected in pairs by two parallel upper pipes and perpendicular to them - two parallel lower pipes. The disks are mounted at an angle to the shafts so that their upper edge is below the upper nozzle, and the lower edge is higher than the lower nozzle, and the gap between the inner wall of the chamber and the outer edge of the disk should be no more than 2 mm, and the disks rotate synchronously and in one side with a speed of not more than 1 rpm, in addition, on the diagonals of the housing on the outer side of each chamber, external nozzles are installed at half their height.

In the particular case of the pulsator, flanges are installed at the ends of the outer pipes.

In another particular case, shafts with disks rotate from a common drive, for example, a gear motor through a gear system.

In the third particular case, the profiles of the disks of the pulsation chambers are made in the form of a z-shape.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic figures:

Figure 1 General view of the pulsator.

Figure 2 Section A-A, a cross section of a pulsator along the upper nozzles.

Figure 3 Section B-B (rotated 90 °), a longitudinal section of the pulsation chamber.

Figure 4 The operation diagram of the pulsator and its connection to the washing stand and the washed product. The maximum flow of washing liquid in the washed product in direction A.

5. The operation diagram of the pulsator and its connection to the washing stand and the washed product. There is no flow of washing liquid in the washed product.

The pulsator consists of the following components.

The pulsator is made in the form of a housing (Fig. 1), which consists of four pulsation chambers 1. Each pulsation chamber has a rotating shaft 2 with a disk 3, one upper 5 and one lower hole 7, through which the chambers are paired with each other by the upper 4 and lower 6 nozzles for internal hydraulic connection of the four pulsation chambers. For external hydraulic connection, the external nozzles 8 are equipped with flanges 9 and through flange connections 10 are connected to the washed product 11 and the washing stand 12 (Figs. 4, 5).

The pulsation chamber 1 is made in the form of a shell and two covers - the upper 13 and the lower 14. In the upper cover 13 and the lower cover 14 there are bearing assemblies and seals designed to rotate the shafts 2, as well as to seal the gaps of the surfaces of rotation in the bearing assemblies.

In the middle part of the rotating shaft 2, a disk 3 is fixed at an angle to it, and the upper and lower edges of each disk can be curved and have a side profile of a z-shaped shape. The gap between the inner wall of the shell of each pulsation chamber 1 and the outer edge of the rotating disks 3 should be at least 2 mm.

The pulsator is equipped with the necessary automation system, switching support and instrumentation (instrumentation), all controls are displayed on the control panel (not shown).

The pulsator operates as follows.

Before starting work, the pulsator is connected to a washing stand 12, consisting of a pump, a flow tank and a washing chamber, and to the washed product 11 according to the scheme shown in Figs. 4, 5. Four external nozzles 8 are connected to the washed product 11 via flange connections 10 and a washing stand 12 according to the following scheme: a pulsator - a washing stand 12, a pulsator - a washed product 11; pulsator - flushing stand 12; the pulsator is a washed product 11. Then, the whole system consisting of a pulsator, a washing stand and a washed product is filled with washing water.

After that, the operator, using the automation system (CA) to control the operation of the pulsator, turns on one of the programmed flushing modes. The flushing mode is a certain combination of successive starts and stops, as well as changes in the number of revolutions of the gear motor, which leads to a change in pressure and direction of the flow of flushing water in the flushed product 11 at predetermined intervals. In this case, the maximum speed of revolutions of shafts with disks, obtained by calculation, should not be more than 1 rpm in order to avoid the occurrence of water hammer.

The SA-controlled motor gearbox rotates the drive shaft with the drive gear. From the drive shaft through gearing, the rotation is transmitted simultaneously to four driven gears mounted on the shafts 2, which leads to the rotation of all four rotating disks 3 with the same speed. Rotating inside each pulsation chamber 1, the disk 3 (Fig. 4) approaches the passage section of the outer pipe 8 alternately from the top to the bottom shelf, thereby hydraulically connecting the outer pipe 8 to the lower pipe 6, then to the upper pipe 4 of each camera pulsations 1 and the corresponding change in flow (Fig.4, 5). Synchronized rotation of the disks 3 in all four chambers of the pulsations 1 leads to a programmed reverse flow of water in the washed product 11.

The flow diagram of washing water at different positions of the disks 3 is shown in Figs. 4, 5. This flow diagram displays the maximum supply of washing water and the flow direction in the washed product 1 in direction A, and when the rotating disks 3 are rotated 180 ° in the pulsation chambers 1 ( 4 with respect to FIG. 5) there is a maximum flow of water in the opposite direction A.

When the disks 3 rotate, the flow cross sections of the wash water flows in the nozzles 4, 6, 8 continuously change, and therefore, a continuous change in pressure occurs, and every 0.5 turns of the disks 9, the direction of the wash water flow in the washable product 11, nozzles 4, 6, 8 and pulsation chambers 1 (Figs. 4, 5).

When the disks rotate, there is a simultaneous and periodic blocking of the flow of washing liquid coming from the washing stand and the washed product into the upper or lower openings of each pulsation chamber, which ensures a change in the direction of flow of washing liquid only in the washed product.

The gap between the inner wall of each pulsation chamber and the outer edge of the rotating discs must be at least 2 mm, so that when the direction of the washing fluid flow changes, an incomplete water hammer mode is created and thus there are no conditions for the destruction of the washed product.

As the drive of the rotating shaft 2, a motor reducer consisting of an asynchronous electric motor assembled together with a two-stage bevel gear can be used. The electric motor is equipped with a speed sensor and equipped with a frequency converter for adjusting the speed. The gearmotor is controlled by a control system according to a specially developed program. The gear motor through the drive shaft with the drive gear and gearing is connected to the driven gears of the pulsation chambers 1, simultaneously rotating the shafts 2 of all four pulsation chambers 1.

The present invention provides for the creation of a reliable, relatively inexpensive pulsator with the ability to connect to the systems of a direct-flow washing stand and a washed product, which provides a significant reduction in the time of washing the product and saving energy by regulating the pulse of washing water in a wide range without stopping the drive of the direct-flow washing stand, as well as combining two methods of washing products - creating periodic pressure pulses and changing the direction of industrial flow washing water.

Claims (4)

1. A pulsator comprising a housing with sealed pulsation chambers, in which shafts rotating from the engine are mounted coaxially with the disks fixedly mounted on them, characterized in that the housing is made of 4 communicating vertically mounted cylindrical axes symmetrically on mutually perpendicular axes pulsation chambers connected in pairs by two parallel upper pipes and perpendicular to them - two parallel lower pipes, the disks are mounted at an angle to the shafts in their middle part so so that their upper edge is lower than the upper nozzle, and the lower edge is higher than the lower nozzle, and the gap between the inner wall of the chamber and the outer edge of the disk should be no more than 2 mm, while the disks rotate synchronously and in one direction with a speed of no more 1 rpm, in addition, on the diagonals of the housing on the outside of each chamber, external nozzles are installed at half their height. 2. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that flanges are installed at the ends of the outer pipes. 3. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts with disks rotate from a common drive, for example, a gear motor through a gear system. 4. The pulsator according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk profile is made in the form of a z-shaped form.

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