RU2533415C1 - Transmission oil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to transmission oil, which contains wt %: sulphur-containing additive - 3.8; zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - 0.5; polymethacrylate - 1.5; organosilicic additive - 0.003; petroleum oil - to 100. The sulphur-containing additive represents a product, obtained as a result of the interaction of fractions of α-olefins C₁₂-C₁₄ with the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons (wt %): C₁₁ - 3.5; C₁₂ - 63.1; C₁₃ - 6.6; C₁₄ - 25.9; C₁₅ - 0.9 with sulphur monochloride at a temperature of 90-120°C with the following interaction with a 20% water solution of sodium sulphide at a temperature of 80-85°C.

EFFECT: extension of an assortment of transmission oils, obtaining the oil, possessing high tribilogical properties.

1 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to compositions of gear oils used for lubricating transmission units of front-wheel drive cars in an ambient temperature range from minus 20 ° C to plus 45 ° C.

A gear oil is known, containing,% by mass: diethylthiocarbamic acid allyl ether 2-4; boron dialkyl dithiophosphate 0.5-1.5; polymethacrylate 0.1-0.3; petroleum oil up to 100 (RU 1593202, MKI S10M 137/10, 10/15/1994).

The oil is intended for the lubrication of gears and worm gears of industrial equipment. This type of oil cannot be used to lubricate the transmission units of front-wheel drive cars in the ambient temperature range from minus 20 ° С to plus 45 ° С.

Known transmission oil (Pat. RU No. 2148620, MKI C10M 141/08, publ. 05/10/2000), containing, wt.%:

diethyl dithiocarbamic acid metal ester - 5.8-6.2

polymethacrylate - 0.8-1.2

zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - 1.4-1.6

alkenyl succinic acid ester - 0.045-0.055

oleic acid - 0.15-0.25

organosilicon additive - 0.003-0.005

petroleum oil - up to 100.

The oil is recommended for use in the transmission units of all cars, except front-wheel drive. This type of oil cannot be used to lubricate the transmission units of front-wheel drive cars in the ambient temperature range from minus 20 ° С to plus 45 ° С.

It is known transmission oil (Pat. RU No. 23334788, MKI C10M 135/04, publ. 05/10/2008), containing, wt.%:

sulfur-containing additive - 3.5

zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - 0.3

polymethacrylate - 1.9

organosilicon additive - 0.004

petroleum oil up to 100.

Transmission oil is intended for year-round operation of VAZ front-wheel drive gearboxes. However, this gear oil has low tribological characteristics and, as a consequence, a low level of antioxidant, extreme pressure, antiwear and viscosity properties.

Closest to the claimed composition is transmission oil (Pat. RU No. 2479624, MKI C10M 135/04, publ. 04/20/2013), containing, wt.%:

sulfur-containing additive - 3.3-4.0

zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - 0.8-1.0

polymethacrylate - 1.7-2.0

organosilicon additive - 0.0026-0.0045

petroleum oil up to 100.

The sulfur-containing additive contains the product of the interaction of di- (β-chlorodecyl) -disulfide with a 20% aqueous solution of sodium sulfide at a temperature of 80-85 ° C.

The disadvantages of this transmission oil include the fact that to obtain the necessary properties of the transmission oil requires a high content of introduced additives. In addition, gear oil has a lower kinematic viscosity, which does not provide a sufficient level of viscosity properties.

The task is to develop a transmission oil composition that, according to its viscosity-temperature properties, corresponds to a viscosity class of 80w / 90 according to SAE 1306 classification, according to API GL-4 performance characteristics, meets the requirements of TU 38.301-29-90-97. Effect: expanding the range of gear oils with high tribological characteristics, a high level of antioxidant, anti-seize, anti-wear and viscosity properties with the introduction of a smaller amount of sulfur-containing additives into the gear oil. In addition, a sulfur-containing additive obtained on the basis of the fraction of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ α-olefins, a by-product of the thermocatalytic oligomerization of ethylene from the production of base stocks of synthetic oils, which were not widely used before, is used in the oil. This fraction is a large-tonnage product of petrochemical synthesis and has a stable raw material base and a relatively low cost. The use of oil will improve the efficiency of the car, the service life of the parts of the transmission units.

The technical result is achieved in that the transmission oil contains zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, polymethacrylate, an organosilicon additive, a sulfur-containing additive, and petroleum oil, characterized in that the sulfur-containing additive is a product obtained by reacting a fraction of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ α-olefins with unsaturated hydrocarbons (% wt.): C ₁₁ - 3.5; C ₁₂ 63.1; C ₁₃ - 6.6; C ₁₄ - 25.9; C ₁₅ - 0.9 with sulfur monochloride at a temperature of 90-120 ° C followed by interaction with a 20% aqueous solution of sodium sulfide at a temperature of 80-85 ° C with the following ratio of components in gear oil,% mass .:

sulfur-containing additive - 3.8

zinc dialkyldithiophosphate - 0.5

polymethacrylate - 1.5

organosilicon additive - 0.003

petroleum oil up to 100.

The inventive composition of the gear oil, which uses a new sulfur-containing additive, in the amount of 3.8 wt.% Has higher viscosity properties. In addition, high thermal stability and oxidative stability make it possible to use this oil for lubricating transmission units of front-wheel drive passenger cars in a wide range of ambient temperatures from minus 20 ° С to plus 45 ° С.

The process of producing gear oil is as follows.

Example 1. At 70-80 ° C. in 941.97 g of petroleum oil, 38 g (3.8% by weight) of sulfur-containing additive, 5 g (0.5% by weight) of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, 15 g (1.5 % wt.) polymethacrylate, 0.03 g (0.003% wt.) organosilicon additives. The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 hours.

The content of the components in the proposed transmission oil are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Component Name The content of components,% of the mass. Sulfur additive 3.8 Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate 0.5 Polymethacrylate 1,5 Organosilicon additive 0.003 Petroleum oil up to 100

The following components are used in transmission oil:

A sulfur-containing additive is prepared as follows:

To a four-necked reactor equipped with an effective stirrer, thermometer, reflux condenser and dropping funnel with vigorous stirring, to 10.00 g of the fraction of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ α-olefins (bp = 218-225 ° C, ρ = 0.760 g / cm ³ ) s the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons (% wt.): C ₁₁ - 3,5; C ₁₂ 63.1; C ₁₃ - 6.6; C ₁₄ - 25.9; C ₁₅ - 0.9, 3.71 g of sulfur monochloride are added dropwise. Dosing is carried out for 10-15 minutes at room temperature (20-25 ° C). After the dosage of sulfur monochloride has been completed, the reaction mass is heated to 90-120 ° C and maintained with vigorous stirring for 3 hours. Then, 25 ml of isopropyl alcohol is added to the reaction mass and with vigorous stirring for 15-20 min at a temperature of 50-55 ° C add 12.00 g of a 20% aqueous solution of sodium sulfide. The reaction mixture was kept for 8 hours with vigorous stirring and a temperature of 80-85 ° C. At the end of the reaction, the reflux condenser is replaced by a descending one and the solvent is distilled off at a maximum temperature of 98 ° C in the reactor. Then the reaction mass is dissolved in 20 ml of petroleum ether (40-70 ° C), washed with distilled water, dried over calcium chloride and the solvent and unreacted α-olefins are distilled off in vacuo.

The result is 10.87 g (90%) of the additive, which is an oily brown liquid with a density of 0.9305 g / cm ³ . The sulfur content of the additive is 16.7% (mass.).

85% solution of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate in oil according to TU 0257-005-00044434-99 (DF-11K additive).

30% solution in oil of I-20A polymethacrylate according to TU 6-01-270-94 (additive PMA "D").

Organosilicon additive polymethylsiloxane according to OST 6-02-20-79 (additive PMS-200A).

For experimental verification of the proposed composition, a mixture of ingredients was made, which was tested for compliance with TU 38.301-29-90-97 (table 2). The tribological characteristics of oil samples were evaluated according to GOST 9490-75 on a four-ball friction machine. The composition of the oil is in table 1.

Comparative characteristics of the properties of the oil according to the invention and the prototype are given in table.2.

The preparation of oil according to the invention does not require the development of special technology. It can be manufactured in a conventional compounding plant or in any other plant that has tanks with heating, mixing and filtering devices.

table 2 No. p / p Indicator Norm according to TU 38.301-29-90-97 Prototype Suggested Recipe one Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° С, cSt, not less 13.5 15.3 18.67 2 Kinematic viscosity at 40 ° С, cSt not normal. 147.2 147 3 Viscosity index, not less one hundred 102.6 102.7 four Density at 20 ° С, kg / m ³ , no more 900 888.5 888 5 Flash point, r.t., ° С, not lower 200 220 220 6 Pour point, ° C, not higher -thirty -34 -33 7 Mass fraction of fur. impurities,%, no more out out out 8 Mass fraction of water,%, no more traces out out 9 Mass fraction of sulfur due to additives,%, not less 0.7 0.91 0.85 10 Mass fraction of phosphorus due to additives,%, not less 0,03 0,071 0.04 Tribological characteristics on the ChShM: eleven bully index, kgf, not less 40 71.3 61.31 diameter of a spot of wear, mm, no more 0.8 0.45 0.6 welding load, kgf, not less 224 471 478 Compatible with rubber seals (volume change) in 12 within 72 hours,%: grade 2801 at Т = 135 ° С + 10 / -2 +1.42 +1.40 grade 57-5025 at T = 110 ° C +/- 8 +1.74 +1.72

Samples are made as follows. Additives are added to the oil heated to 70-80 ° C. The sequence of the introduction of additives does not matter. The resulting mixture was stirred at 70-80 ° C for 3 hours.

Thus, the proposed transmission oil has the following advantages:

1. Requires fewer additives to obtain gear oil with a high kinematic viscosity according to the requirements of TU 38.301-29-90-97.

2. Unlike the prototype, gear oil has a higher kinematic viscosity, which provides an increased level of viscosity properties.

3. This type of oil can be used to lubricate the transmission units of front-wheel drive cars in the ambient temperature range from minus 20 ° С to plus 45 ° С.

Claims (1)

Gear oil containing zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate, polymethacrylate, an organosilicon additive, a sulfur-containing additive, petroleum oil, characterized in that the sulfur-containing additive is a product obtained by reacting a fraction of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ α-olefins with unsaturated hydrocarbons (wt.%) : C ₁₁ - 3.5; C ₁₂ 63.1; C ₁₃ - 6.6; C ₁₄ - 25.9; C ₁₅ - 0.9 with sulfur monochloride at a temperature of 90-120 ° C, followed by interaction with a 20% aqueous solution of sodium sulfide at a temperature of 80-85 ° C in the following ratio of components in gear oil, wt.%:
sulfur-containing additive 3.8 zinc dialkyldithiophosphate 0.5 polymethacrylate 1,5 organosilicon additive 0.003 petroleum oil up to 100