RU2532464C1 - Device for drying grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular to devices for drying grain. The device for drying grain comprises a casing of rectangular cross section, which surface is covered with a layer of heat insulating material, a loading hopper, an unloading window, heating elements located between the loading hopper and the unloading window, the conveying working body mounted inside the casing, and also a cooling device consisting of a fan and an air duct. The conveying working body is made in the form of an endless flexible cell belt. Inside the casing between the upper and lower branches of the conveying working body two sequentially connected boxes in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds are mounted, which total length is limited by the outer edge of the loading hopper and the outer edge of the unloading window. And the dimensions of the lower base of the second box are equal to the dimensions of the cross-section of the unloading window. The side and the lower surfaces of the first box are made of heat insulating material and the upper is made of thermally conductive material. The upper and lower surfaces of the box located above the unloading window, and also the upper surface of the other box are made perforated, with diameter of perforation not exceeding the minimum grain size. The heating elements are mounted under the upper surface of the box. The air duct is connected to the cavities of each box.

EFFECT: use of this device enables to improve the quality of grain drying and to reduce energy consumption.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for drying grain.

A device for drying grain [Device for drying grain. - Patent RU 2411432. - Publ. 02/10/2011, Bull. No. 4], comprising a rectangular casing, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material, a loading hopper, an unloading window, heating elements located between the loading hopper and the unloading window, as well as a cooling device consisting of a fan and an air duct. A transporting working element is installed inside the casing, made in the form of an endless chain with scrapers, also a plate is horizontally installed inside the casing, on the lower side of which there are heating elements, and the upper branch of the chain with scrapers rests on the plate. The air duct of the cooling device is connected to the casing at an equal distance from the loading hopper and the discharge window.

The known device has disadvantages - uneven drying of grain and high energy costs.

The purpose of the invention is improving the quality of drying and reducing energy costs.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the transporting working body is performed in the form of an endless flexible cellular tape, the cell sizes of which are equal to the maximum size of the dried grain. Inside the casing between the upper and lower branches of the transporting working body, two consecutively connected boxes are installed, the total length of which is limited by the outer edge of the loading hopper and the outer edge of the discharge window. The boxes are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, and the sizes of the lower base of the second box are equal to the dimensions of the cross section of the discharge window. The lateral and lower surfaces of the first duct are made of heat-insulating material, and the upper surface of this duct is made of heat-conducting material. The upper and lower surfaces of the box located above the discharge window, as well as the upper surface of the other boxes are perforated, with a perforation diameter not exceeding the minimum grain size. Heating elements are installed under the upper surface of the box. The air duct is connected to the cavities of each duct. A flap is pivotally mounted along the inner edge of the loading hopper over the upper branch of the transporting working member.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device, and figure 2 is a top view.

The device for drying grain includes a casing of rectangular cross-section 1, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat-insulating material 2, a loading hopper 3, an unloading window 4, and a cooling device consisting of a fan 5 and an air duct 6. A transporting working element 7 is installed inside the casing 1. the heating element 8 is located in the hopper 3 and the discharge window 4. The transporting working element 7 is made in the form of an endless flexible cellular tape, the cell sizes of which are equal to the maximum size of the dried bullshit. Two consecutively connected boxes 9 and 10 are installed inside the casing 1 between the upper and lower branches of the transporting working member 7. The total length of the boxes is limited by the outer edge of the loading hopper 3 and the outer edge of the discharge window 4. The boxes are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, the dimensions of the lower base of the second box 10 are equal to the cross-sectional dimensions of the discharge window 4. The lateral and lower surfaces of the first duct 9 are made of heat insulating material, and the upper surface of this duct is made of heat water material. The upper and lower surfaces of the box 10 located above the discharge window, as well as the upper surface of the other box 9 are perforated, with a diameter of perforation 11 not exceeding the minimum grain size. Heating elements 8 are installed under the upper surface of the duct 9. The duct 6 of the cooling device is connected to the cavities of each duct. A flap 12 is pivotally mounted along the inner edge of the loading hopper 3 above the upper branch of the transporting working member 7.

The device operates as follows. Turn on the heating elements 8. After reaching the required temperature of the upper part of the first box 9 feed grain into the feed hopper 3, from where it enters the working area of the transporting working body 7 and moves it to the discharge window 4.

The damper 12 is set in such a way that it ensures that the transporting working body 7 is filled with grain along the height of the tape cells, removing excess grain from its surface.

Contacting with the heated upper surface of the box 9, the grain also heats up, loses excess moisture. The air flow created by the fan 5, through the duct 6 enters the cavity of the duct 9, passes through the perforation 11 of the upper surface of this duct, then through the transporting working body 7 and removes moisture evaporated from the grain through the feed hopper 3. The air flow generated by the fan 5, through the duct 6 entering the cavity of the duct 10 located above the discharge window 4 passes through the perforation 11 of its upper and lower surfaces, cools the grain and, together with dry and cooled grain, is removed from the device through Unloading box 4.

When using grain of another culture, the heating temperature of the upper part of the skeleton 9 is changed using heating elements 8, the tape of the transporting working body 7 is replaced with a tape with mesh sizes corresponding to the maximum size of the dried grain of this culture, and the position of the shutter 12 is also changed.

The implementation of the transporting working body in the form of an infinite flexible cellular tape with the size of the tape cells equal to the maximum size of the dried grain, allows for uniform heating of the grain and, therefore, to improve the quality of drying. The hinged placement along the inner edge of the loading hopper above the upper branch of the transporting working body of the shutter contributes to this, which ensures uniform loading of grain into the cells of the transporting working body with a layer equal to the height of these cells.

The implementation of the lateral and lower surfaces of the first duct of heat-insulating material, and the upper surface of this duct of heat-conducting material and the placement of heating elements under the upper surface of this duct, can improve the energy efficiency of the drying process of grain and reduce heat loss.

The implementation of the upper and lower surfaces of the box located above the discharge window, as well as the upper surfaces of the first box are perforated, with a perforation diameter not exceeding the minimum grain size, and the connection of the duct with the cavity of the boxes allows you to redistribute the air flow in order to cool the dried grain at the outlet of the device and effective removal of moisture evaporated from the grain, which increases the quality of drying.

Claims (1)

A device for drying grain containing a casing of rectangular cross section, the surface of which is covered with a layer of heat insulating material, a loading hopper, an unloading window, heating elements located between the loading hopper and the unloading window, a transporting working element installed inside the casing, and also a cooling device consisting of a fan and duct, characterized in that the transporting working body is made in the form of an endless flexible mesh tape, the cell sizes of which are equal to the maximum size for the dried grain, inside the casing between the upper and lower branches of the transporting working body there are two series-connected boxes, the total length of which is limited by the outer edge of the loading hopper and the outer edge of the discharge window, the boxes are made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, and the sizes of the lower base of the second box are equal to the dimensions of the transverse sections of the discharge window, the side and lower surfaces of the first duct are made of heat-insulating material, and the upper surface of this duct is made of heat-conducting material, the upper and lower surfaces of the duct located above the discharge window, as well as the upper surface of the other duct are perforated, with a perforation diameter not exceeding the minimum grain size, heating elements are installed under the upper surface of the duct, the duct is connected to the cavities of each duct, and along the inner edge of the loading hopper, a shutter is pivotally mounted above the upper branch of the transporting working member.

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